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Jean Chaleyé

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Jean Chaleyé
Jean Chaleyé in the 1900s
Born
Jean-Baptiste Chaleyé

(1878-04-22)22 April 1878
Saint-Étienne, France
Died24 February 1960(1960-02-24) (aged 81)
Le Puy-en-Velay, France
Other nameJoannès Chaleyé
EducationÉcole des beaux-arts de Lyon; École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs; École des beaux-arts (studio of Fernand Cormon)
Known forPainting (flower still lifes, landscapes); lace design
AwardsOfficier of the Legion of Honour (1937)
Signature

Jean Chaleyé (born Jean-Baptiste Chaleyé, 22 April 1878 – 24 February 1960), known as Joannès Chaleyé, was a French painter and lace designer.[1][2] Trained in the flower-painting class of the École des beaux-arts de Lyon and in the studio of Fernand Cormon at the École des beaux-arts in Paris, he exhibited at the Salon des artistes français from 1902 and became known for his flower still lifes and for landscapes of the Velay.[3][4] The Musée Crozatier in Le Puy-en-Velay holds a body of his paintings, of his lace cartoons and of lace made after his designs, several of them referenced in Joconde, the collections database of the French Ministry of Culture,[5] and the French State's fine-arts administration, the Bureau des travaux d'art, opened files for the commission or purchase of his works in 1923 and in 1929.[6] A retrospective of his work was held in 1978 at the Orangerie du Sénat, the orangery of the Jardin du Luxembourg in Paris.[7]

Chaleyé also played a leading part in the twentieth-century revival of French handmade lace. Sent to Le Puy-en-Velay in 1903 to organise the artistic teaching of bobbin lace, he renewed its design repertoire, and lace made after his drawings won awards at international exhibitions, including a gold medal at the Franco-British Exhibition in London (1908) and a grand prix at the Brussels International Exposition (1910).[8] He directed the École nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles in Roubaix from 1930 to 1939[9][10] and founded the departmental conservatory of handmade lace in Le Puy-en-Velay in 1942.[11] He was appointed a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour by decree of 7 May 1921, on the report of the Minister of Public Instruction, and promoted to Officier in 1937.[3]

Early life and training

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Jean-Baptiste Chaleyé was born in Saint-Étienne on 22 April 1878.[3] He first studied at the École régionale des arts industriels in Saint-Étienne (now the École supérieure d'art et design de Saint-Étienne [fr]), then, from 1896, at the École des beaux-arts de Lyon, where he joined the flower-painting class ("classe de fleurs") and graduated with a gold medal. A grant from the city of Lyon took him to Paris: he entered the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs in 1899, in the class of its director Auguste Louvrier de Lajolais [fr], and was admitted in 1900 to the École des beaux-arts, in the studio of Fernand Cormon.[12][3] According to the summary of his services in his Legion of Honour file, he won the second grand prix of the École nationale des arts décoratifs in 1903.[3]

Painting

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Painting by Jean Chaleyé exhibited at the Musée Crozatier, Le Puy-en-Velay

Alongside his career in lace, Chaleyé exhibited at the Salon des artistes français from 1902, in the architecture and decorative art section according to the summary of his services in his Legion of Honour file.[3] Reviewing an exhibition in Aurillac in 1927, the Revue de la Haute-Auvergne singled out his Vue du Puy and found his flowers "charming".[4] According to the summary of services that he attached to his Legion of Honour file in 1921, he won a third medal at the Salon of the Société lyonnaise des beaux-arts in 1919, then a second medal, in the painting section, in 1921.[3] In June 1923 and in March 1929, the Bureau des travaux d'art opened two files for the commission or purchase of his works.[6]

Several of his paintings and drawings in the Musée Crozatier are referenced in the Joconde database of the French Ministry of Culture.[5] The museum's online collections include the still life Bouquet de renoncules (oil, inv. 1987.2.6)[13] and Vue du Puy-en-Velay, prise de l'actuel hôpital Emile Roux (oil on canvas, inv. 1969.4.1).[14] In the United States, his paintings have been handled by Findlay Galleries (formerly Wally Findlay Galleries), which lists him among its historic artists.[15]

A retrospective, "Rétrospective Chaleyé 1878–1960", was held at the Orangerie du Sénat in Paris in June and July 1978.[7] The contents of his studio were dispersed at auction at the Nouveau Drouot in Paris on 5 June 1987.[16]

From drawing to lace

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The online catalogue of the Musée Crozatier lists sixty-five inventory numbers under his name, thirty-one of them for the album Dentelles du Puy alone, inventoried plate by plate; seventeen of these are also referenced in the Joconde database.[17] The holdings bring together paintings, lace cartoons by his hand and lace executed after his designs. The wash drawing Paysage (inv. 44.76.1), dated to around 1920, is described by Joconde as a lace cartoon whose corresponding lace is kept in the same museum.[18] The cockfight motif, one of the three signed laces awarded a grand prix at the Brussels International Exposition of 1910,[8] also appears in the collection in two forms: a signed oil on paper dated to around 1910 (inv. 2002.60),[19] and a bobbin-lace pelmet of 1910 whose record names Louis Oudin as lacemaker and Chaleyé as designer (inv. 1934.20).[20]

Lace

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In 1903, the year France organised professional training in handmade lace by law, Louvrier de Lajolais proposed that Chaleyé move to Le Puy-en-Velay to organise the artistic teaching of bobbin lace.[21] At the local École pratique de commerce et d'industrie he created the course of art applied to lace, and he designed lace executed in the school or by the lacemaker Louis Oudin, replacing the traditional geometric repertoire with supple designs inspired by the local flora.[8] His designs and the lace made after them won distinctions at the international exhibitions of the period, in Paris (musée Galliera, 1904), Liège (1905), London (1908, gold medal), Brussels (1910, grand prix and gold medal), Turin (1911, gold medal) and Lyon (1914).[8]

From 1930 to 1939 he directed the École nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles in Roubaix, and was artistic director of the lace school of Bailleul, retiring as honorary director.[9][10] He was promoted to Officier of the Legion of Honour by decree of 6 August 1937, on the report of the Minister of National Education, in his capacity as director of the Roubaix school.[3] His civil pension was approved by decree of 6 April 1939, with effect from 1 February 1939; the Journal officiel then credited him with thirty-three years, ten months and eleven days of civil service and bonuses.[22] Back in Le Puy-en-Velay from 1940, he founded there in 1942, with the lacemaker Paul Fontanille, the departmental conservatory of handmade lace (conservatoire départemental de la dentelle à la main).[11][23]

Posthumous exhibitions

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  • Rétrospective Chaleyé 1878–1960, Orangerie du Sénat, Paris, June–July 1978[7]
  • Le Puy 1900 (group exhibition), Musée Crozatier, Le Puy-en-Velay, 19 July – 31 October 1980[24]
  • Les jardins et les fleurs de J.-B. Chaleyé, baptistery of Saint-Jean, Le Puy-en-Velay, May–August 1984[25]
  • Important paintings by the French post-impressionist J. Chaleyé, Wally Findlay Galleries, New York, 9 March – 1 April 1989[26]
  • Paintings for collectors: the flowers of Jean Chaleye (group exhibition), Wally Findlay Galleries, New York, 1992[27]
  • Jean-Baptiste Chaleyé : peintures et dentelles, Archives départementales de la Haute-Loire, Le Puy-en-Velay, 3 July – 31 August 2015[28]

Publications

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Chaleyé published an album of lace designs and then, from 1945, a series of teaching books on the handmade lace of the Velay. His method was reissued and adapted long after his death.

  • Dentelles du Puy : compositions de Joannès Chaleyé, trente planches, Paris, Calavas, Librairie des arts décoratifs, 1911; also published in Germany as Le Puy Spitzen. Kompositionen von Joannès Chaleyé, Plauen im Vogtland, C. F. Schulz & Co., 1910. Facsimile, Le Puy-en-Velay, Centre d'enseignement de la dentelle au fuseau, 2018 (BnF FRBNF45558435).
  • L'Enseignement professionnel dentellier en Haute-Loire : historique et réalisations récentes, Le Puy, Imprimerie La Haute-Loire, 1945 (BnF FRBNF31924352).
  • Méthode d'enseignement de la dentelle aux fuseaux, Clermont-Ferrand, P. Vallier, 1946 (BnF FRBNF31924353).
  • La Dentelle à la main du Velay : sa valeur économique, ses perspectives d'avenir, preface by André Siegfried, Le Puy, Imprimerie La Haute-Loire, 1948 (BnF FRBNF31924351).
  • La Dentelle à la main en Velay : son évolution historique, sa situation présente, Technique, Art, Science, 1949.

Posthumous reissues and adaptations:

  • Principes, exercices, applications, modèles gradués, 2nd edition, Le Puy, Imprimerie des Arts graphiques, 1974 (BnF FRBNF34551337).
  • Modèles revus et corrigés, méthode Chaleyé A, Le Puy, Centre d'enseignement de la dentelle au fuseau, 1989 (BnF FRBNF35361869).
  • Mick Fouriscot, Dentelle au fuseau, méthode Jean Chaleyé : les bases, Paris, D. Carpentier, 1999, ISBN 2-84167-015-5 (BnF FRBNF37041295).

Legacy

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A square in the old town of Le Puy-en-Velay, the square Jean-Baptiste Chaleyé, is named after the artist. It sits at the corner of the Rue Jules Vallès[29] and overlooks the Rue du Général Lafayette.[30] The lace conservatory that Chaleyé founded stood on the same street.[28]

References

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  1. ↑ "Chaleyé, Jean", in Benezit Dictionary of Artists, Oxford University Press, 2011, doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00035037. Entry first published in E. Bénézit, Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs, Paris, Gründ, 1966, vol. 2.
  2. ↑ "Chaleyé, Jean", in Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon, vol. 18, Munich and Leipzig, K. G. Saur; online in AKL – Artists of the World, De Gruyter, entry 10159488.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Dossier de Légion d'honneur de Jean-Baptiste Chaleyé". Base Léonore, Ministère de la Culture (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  4. 1 2 "Chronique", Revue de la Haute-Auvergne, Aurillac, 1927, p. 111 (online at Gallica): "J'en dirai autant de M. Jean Chaleye (Vue du Puy), dont les fleurs sont charmantes."
  5. 1 2 "Vue du Puy-en-Velay, prise de l'actuel hôpital Emile Roux". POP, plateforme ouverte du patrimoine (base Joconde), Ministère de la Culture (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  6. 1 2 "Travaux d'art, musées et expositions (F/21/3967–F/21/4285), inventaire semi-analytique par Élisabeth Dunan". Salle des inventaires virtuelle, Archives nationales (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2026. File "Chaleye, Jean", 20 June 1923 and 18 March 1929, cote F/21/4186 (series Commandes et achats d'œuvres d'art).
  7. 1 2 3 La Revue moderne des arts et de la vie, Paris, 1978 (online).
  8. 1 2 3 4 Maurice Testard, "Joannès Chaleyé et la dentelle du Puy", L'Art décoratif, vol. 29, January–June 1913, pp. 51–60.
  9. 1 2 "M. J. Chaleyé, directeur de l'école des Arts et Industries textiles de Roubaix nommé officier", Journal de Roubaix, 29 August 1937 (online).
  10. 1 2 "M. Johannes Chaleyé, directeur de l'Ecole nationale des arts et industries textiles, est admis à faire valoir ses droits à la retraite", Journal de Roubaix, 3 December 1938, p. 3 (online).
  11. 1 2 Brigitte Delesque-Déspalle, La dentelle à l'aiguille, Éditions Créer, 2002, ISBN 978-2-909797-91-5.
  12. ↑ Rossella Froissart-Pezone, Histoire de l'École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, 1766–1941, 2004, p. 146 (online).
  13. ↑ "Bouquet de renoncules – tableau". Collections en ligne du musée Crozatier (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  14. ↑ "Vue du Puy-en-Velay, prise de l'actuel hôpital Emile Roux – tableau". Collections en ligne du musée Crozatier (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  15. ↑ "Jean Chaleyé". Findlay Galleries. Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  16. ↑ Atelier J. Chaleyé : vente, Paris, Nouveau Drouot, salle 9, 5 juin 1987, Paris, J.-P. Camard, 1987, notice BnF FRBNF35077184.
  17. ↑ "Collections en ligne du musée Crozatier". webmuseo.com (in French). Retrieved 18 September 2026. Count of the records under the name of Jean Chaleyé made on 18 September 2026, cross-checked against the Joconde database.
  18. ↑ "Paysage". POP, plateforme ouverte du patrimoine (base Joconde), Ministère de la Culture (in French). Retrieved 18 September 2026. carton de dentelle ; oeuvre en rapport ; dentelle conservée au musée Crozatier
  19. ↑ "Combat de coqs – tableau". Collections en ligne du musée Crozatier (in French). Retrieved 18 September 2026.
  20. ↑ "Cantonnière, Combat de coqs – rideau ; pièce de dentelle". Collections en ligne du musée Crozatier (in French). Retrieved 18 September 2026.
  21. ↑ Geneviève Trincal, "Les denteleuses" : la dentelle et les dentellières en Haute-Loire de 1850 à 1914, Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 1993, ISBN 978-2-87741-062-5.
  22. ↑ "Pensions civiles", Journal officiel de la République française, 8 April 1939, p. 4668: "CHALEYE (Jean-Baptiste), directeur honoraire, école nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles de Roubaix. Services militaires, 2 ans 3 mois 27 jours ; services civils et bonifications, 33 ans 10 mois 11 jours ; campagnes, 1 an 10 mois. Pension avec jouissance du 1er février 1939."
  23. ↑ Danièle Clermontel and Jean-Claude Clermontel, Chronologie scientifique, technologique et économique de la France, p. 319.
  24. ↑ Amprimoz, François-Xavier (1980). Le Puy 1900. Le Puy-en-Velay: Musée Crozatier.
  25. ↑ "Répertoire numérique de la sous-série 11 Fi", Archives départementales de la Haute-Loire, 2007 (online).
  26. ↑ Important paintings by the French post-impressionist J. Chaleyé: March 9th through April 1st, 1989. New York: Wally Findlay Galleries. 1989. OCLC 51511784.
  27. ↑ Paintings for collectors: the flowers of Jean Chaleye, marines by John Bentham-Dinsdale, landscapes by Marie Nessi Valtat. New York: Wally Findlay Galleries. 1992. OCLC 82558790.
  28. 1 2 "Jean-Baptiste Chaleyé : peintures et dentelles". archives43.fr (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  29. ↑ "Arrêté n° 23/JG/1067 : réglementation temporaire de la circulation" [Municipal order No. 23/JG/1067: temporary traffic regulation] (PDF). lepuyenvelay.fr (in French). Ville du Puy-en-Velay. 19 June 2023. p. 15. Retrieved 7 September 2026. square Jean-Baptiste Chaleyé / rue Jules Vallès
  30. ↑ "Arrêté n° 24/JG/26 : réglementation temporaire du stationnement et de la circulation" [Municipal order No. 24/JG/26: temporary parking and traffic regulation] (PDF). lepuyenvelay.fr (in French). Ville du Puy-en-Velay. 12 January 2024. p. 6. Retrieved 7 September 2026. square Jean Baptiste Chalayé, en surplomb de la rue Général Lafayette

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Maurice Testard, "Joannès Chaleyé et la dentelle du Puy", L'Art décoratif, vol. 29, January–June 1913, pp. 51–60.
  • Robert Rey and Maximilien Gauthier, Jean Chaleyé, 1878–1960, coll. "Art-Documents" no. 224, Geneva, Pierre Cailler, 1966.
  • Colette Rolland, Jean B. Chaleyé (1878–1960), Paris, Éditions Errance, 1983, 58 p., ISBN 2-903442-08-8.
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