Help:IPA/Vietnamese
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Vietnamese on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Vietnamese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vietnamese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
There are two major standards: one of Hanoi (table below: "H") and one of Ho Chi Minh City (table below: "S" (for Saigon)). Each makes distinctions that the other does not; neither standard is preferred over the other at Wikipedia. The central dialects (table below: "C"), which make the distinctions of both, are generally represented in articles here, except if a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant.
See Vietnamese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Vietnamese.
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes
[edit]- ↑ [k] as "qu" appears only in northern and central dialects.
- ↑ [p] appears only in loanwords, and is often replaced by [ɓ].
- ↑ [v] may be used as a spelling pronunciation in southern dialects.
- 1 2 Read as [tʷi], not confuse with "tui" that is read as [tuj]
- 1 2 3 In northern dialects, when the velar finals /k, ŋ/ follow the front vowels /i, e, ɛ/, the consonant becomes pre-velar [k̟, ŋ̟], and the vowels /e, ɛ/ become [əj, aj].
- ↑ "ai"read as [aːj]; "ay" read as [aj]
- 1 2 Read as [tuj], not confuse with "tuy" that is read as [tʷi]
- 1 2 3 4 In southern dialects, the vowels /i, e, ɛ/ become [ɨ, ə, a] before the alveolar consonants [t, n].
- ↑ bốn /oːŋ͡m/ vs. bống /ăwŋ͡m/ in Saigon Vietnamese
- 1 2 3 In most dialects, when the velar finals /k, ŋ/ follow the round vowels /u, o, ɔ/, the consonant is strongly labialized [kʷ, ŋʷ] or doubly-articulated [k͡p, ŋ͡m], and the vowels /o, ɔ/ become [əw, aw].
- ↑ [ɔ] appears only in loanwords, and is often replaced by [ɔː].
- 1 2 Before a final /p, t, k/, the six tones of Vietnamese are reduced to two.
- ↑ In isolation, this can be a dipping tone. The usual IPA diacritic for dipping tone is [a᷉ ə᷉], which differs from the nasalization mark [ ˜ ] only in being angular in shape, and is not widely supported by fonts.