ARM Cortex-X925
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 2024 |
| Designed by | ARM Ltd. |
| Performance | |
| Address width | 40-bit |
| Physical specifications | |
| Cores |
|
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 128 KiB (64 KiB I-cache with parity, 64 KiB D-cache) per core |
| L2 cache | 2048–3072 KiB per core |
| L3 cache | 512 KiB – 32 MiB (optional) |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Microarchitecture | ARM Cortex-X925 |
| Instruction set | ARMv9.2-A |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Product code name |
|
| Variant | |
| History | |
| Predecessor | ARM Cortex-X4 |
| Successor | ARM C1-Ultra |
The ARM Cortex-X925, codenamed "Blackhawk", is a high-performance CPU core designed by Arm and introduced in 2024. It is part of the second-generation ARMv9.2 architecture and is built on a 3 nm process node. The Cortex-X925[1] is designed to excel in single-threaded instruction per clock (IPC) performance, making it ideal for high-performance mobile computing. ARM states that at ISO-frequency, the Cortex-X925 delivers around 17% higher IPC than the preceding Cortex-X4.
Key features
[edit]- 10-wide decode and dispatch width: This allows the core to process more instructions per cycle, increasing overall throughput.[2]
- Doubled instruction window size: This reduces stalls and improves the efficiency of the execution pipeline.[2]
- Increased L1 instruction cache (I$) bandwidth: The core features a 2x increase in L1 I$ bandwidth, ensuring quick instruction fetch and decode.[2]
- Enhanced branch prediction unit: Techniques such as folded-out unconditional direct branches reduce mispredicted branches, leading to fewer pipeline flushes and higher sustained IPC.[2]
- Support for ARMv9.2-A instruction set: The core supports A64 instruction set and AArch64 execution state at all exception levels.[3]
- Scalable Vector Extension (SVE) and SVE2: These extensions provide advanced SIMD and floating-point support.[3]
- Error protection: The core includes error protection on L1 instruction and data caches, L2 cache, and MMU Translation Cache (MMU TC) with parity or ECC.[3]
The Cortex-X925 is designed to be used in both homogeneous and heterogeneous DynamIQ™ clusters, providing flexibility in various system configurations.[3]
Released in 2024 as part of Arm's "total compute solution." It serves as the successor of ARM Cortex-X4. X-series CPU cores generally focus on high performance, and can be grouped with other ARM cores, such as ARM Cortex-A725 and/or ARM Cortex-A520 in a System-on-Chip (SoC).
Architecture comparison
[edit]| uArch | Cortex-A78 | Cortex-X1 | Cortex-X2 | Cortex-X3 | Cortex-X4 | Cortex-X925 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code name | Hercules | Hera | Matterhorn-ELP | Makalu-ELP | Hunter-ELP | Blackhawk |
| Architecture | ARMv8.2 | ARMv9 | ARMv9.2 | |||
| Peak clock speed | ~3.0 GHz | ~3.25 GHz | ~3.4 GHz | ~3.8 GHz | ||
| Decode Width | 4 | 5 | 6 | 10[4][5] | ||
| Dispatch | 6/cycle | 8/cycle | 10/cycle | |||
| Max In-flight | 2× 160 | 2× 224 | 2× 288 | 2× 320 | 2× 384 | 2× 768 |
| L0 (Mops entries) | 1536[6] | 3072[6] | 1536 | None[4] | ||
| L1-I + L1-D | 32+32 kiB[7] | 64+64 kiB | ||||
| L2 (per Core) | 128–512 kiB | 256–1024 kiB | 512–2048 kiB | 2048–3072 kiB | ||
| L3 (total) | 0–8 MiB | 0–16 MiB | 0–32 MiB | |||
Usage
[edit]- MediaTek • Dimensity 9400/9400+[8][9]
- Samsung • Exynos 2500[10]
- Nvidia • GB10 Superchip[11]
References
[edit]- ↑ "Arm Launches Next-Gen Flagship Cortex-X925". 29 May 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 "Arm Unveils 2024 CPU Core Designs, Cortex X925, A725 and A520: Arm v9.2 Redefined for 3nm". Archived from the original on May 29, 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 "Documentation – Arm Developer".
- 1 2 "Arm Cortex-X4, A720, and A520: 2024 smartphone CPUs deep dive". Android Authority. 2023-05-29. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ↑ "Deep dive into Arm's new Cortex-X925 and Immortalis-G925 for mobile". 29 May 2024.
- 1 2 Frumusanu, Andrei. "Arm's New Cortex-A78 and Cortex-X1 Microarchitectures: An Efficiency and Performance Divergence". www.anandtech.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ↑ Schor, David (2020-05-26). "Arm Cortex-X1: The First From The Cortex-X Custom Program". WikiChip Fuse. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
- ↑ "MediaTek Dimensity 9400 | Flagship 5G Chipset | Smartphones".
- ↑ "MediaTek Dimensity 9400+".
- ↑ "Exynos 2500 | Mobile Processor".
- ↑ "workstation-datasheet-dgx-spark-gtc25-spring-nvidia-us-3716899-web.pdf". nvdam.widen.net. Retrieved 2025-12-22.