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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did Toby Fox say to the piano? You're a treble maker.

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Toby Fox
Toby Fox smiling
Fox in 2016
Born
Robert F. Fox

(1991-10-11) October 11, 1991 (age 34)
Manchester, New Hampshire, US
Other names
  • Radiation
  • FwugRadiation
EducationNortheastern University (BS)
Occupations
Years active2005–present
Works
Fox's voice
Toby Fox discussing playing by ear
Recorded April 2012
Websitetoby.fangamer.com Edit this at Wikidata
Signature

Robert F. "Toby" Fox (born October 11, 1991) is an American indie game developer and composer. He is best known for creating the role-playing video games (RPGs) Undertale and Deltarune, as well as composing their soundtracks.

Born in Manchester, New Hampshire, Fox grew interested in the Mother series during his childhood. Significantly influenced by EarthBound as an aspiring video game developer, Fox used RPG Maker to create RPGs with his brothers. Inspired by Starmen.net, an EarthBound fan site, Fox began creating ROM hacks of EarthBound under the username Radiation, releasing the EarthBound Halloween Hack in 2008. Largely a self-taught musician, Fox began relearning the piano through middle and high school to play video game music. He also joined the music team for Homestuck, a webcomic by Andrew Hussie.

During his time at Northeastern University in Boston, where Fox continued to reside, Fox conceived Undertale and Deltarune. He successfully raised funds for Undertale's development through Kickstarter and created it almost entirely by himself. Undertale was released in 2015, and is ranked by numerous publications as one of the best video games of all time, with Fox's score additionally often listed among the best video game soundtracks. Starting in 2018, Fox began releasing chapters of Deltarune, with five of its planned seven chapters available as of September 2026. Separately, Fox has been involved with the Japanese video game industry through developer connections, has contributed to game soundtracks, collaborated with musicians, and launched charity events related to his games.

Early life

Robert F. Fox[1][2] was born on October 11, 1991,[‡ 1][3] in Manchester, New Hampshire, the third of four brothers.[4] Fox discovered the RPG EarthBound when he was four years old after it was gifted to one of his older brothers for "Christmas or his birthday", and credited the game with helping him learn how to read.[3][5] Around age five, he often drew fictional stage layouts based on the Mega Man X series during church services.[6] While Fox attended elementary school, his brothers told him about RPG Maker 2000—a program used to develop RPGs—and they began creating games together using it, including Toby's Adventure, Fox's first game.[6][7] Fox learned about the Touhou Project franchise through a free games website at age 10, and played the demo versions of Embodiment of Scarlet Devil and Perfect Cherry Blossom.[8]

Fox's interest in EarthBound was furthered at age 11 after discovering a fansite for the game, Starmen.net, which motivated him to create games to impress the site's members.[3] Using the ROM hack editor PK Hack, which he considered his "entrance into [the] community", Fox created his first hack in middle school.[9] Under the username Radiation, he released EarthBound Halloween Hack in 2008 as part of a ROM hacking competition on Starmen.net, further composing the song "Megalovania" for the hack's soundtrack.[3][10] When Fox was disallowed by his parents from attending a yearly Starmen.net forum meetup due to his age, the forum's founder Reid Young advised Fox to threaten to "smoke a cigarette" if he wasn't allowed to attend, which ultimately worked.[11] Fox discovered the English fan translation of the RPG OFF through the forum.[12]

Refer to caption
Fox playing piano in 2012

Primarily a self-taught musician, Fox began relearning the piano during middle school to play video game music he knew by ear, having previously taken lessons in second grade; he also played the trumpet through high school.[13] Fox recalled to Touhou Project creator ZUN that he had received a standing ovation following a piano rendition of "Necrofantasia" from Perfect Cherry Blossom during a high school summer camp gathering.[8] As a senior, he began creating piano covers of music from the webcomic Homestuck, gaining recognition from its creator Andrew Hussie, joining the music team in 2010 and later becoming its production coordinator.[14][15] Fox is a graduate of Northeastern University.[16]

Career

Undertale (2015)

The text "Undertale" in an all-caps pixelated font with a heart replacing the hole of the letter "r". The text is white against a black background.
The logo for Undertale

During his third year of university, Fox was inspired to create Undertale in December 2012 after reading a Wikipedia article about the array data structure, later using it to program text and battle systems for an RPG.[17][18] Development on Undertale started during a break from his classes in 2013, and Fox prioritized creating the game's battle system first.[19] Undertale's initial development began out of Hussie's basement while Fox simultaneously worked on the Homestuck soundtrack.[18] Fox discovered Temmie Chang's blog while looking for an artist, and despite having never talked to her before, Fox asked Chang if she wanted to create a game together, to which she agreed.[17] Fox additionally began writing down design notes and sketching character designs in his school notebook.[20]

Undertale's demo was released in May 2013.[21] Fox created a Kickstarter campaign for Undertale that June with a goal of $5,000, slating the game for a Summer 2014 release; the funding goal was met the day of the Kickstarter's launch.[3][21] The campaign ultimately raised over ten times that amount, totaling $51,124 from 2,398 people.[22] Though Fox was initially "unsure if it was humanly possible to create [Undertale] before making the demo," he considerably expanded the game's scope following the demo's release.[3] During the game's development, Fox received his university degree.[23] Fox used the Kickstarter's proceeds to continue working on the game until its release in September 2015.[19] Undertale was developed almost entirely by Fox himself, except for some art assets.[24]

Undertale was released on September 15, 2015,[25] to widespread critical acclaim, and has been ranked by numerous publications as one of the best video games of all time.[26] The Undertale soundtrack has additionally been named one of the best video game soundtracks.[27] Upon its release on Steam, Undertale rapidly gained popularity, selling over 500,000 copies within three months and doubling to one million copies two months later.[3] In GameFAQs's "Best. Game. Ever." poll that December, Undertale won against The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, the incumbent game from a similar 2009 poll, in a final vote of 156,000 participants.[28] The game was nominated for various other accolades at game award ceremonies through the following year, including at the D.I.C.E. Awards,[29] the Game Awards,[30] and the Game Developers Choice Awards.[31]

"Not only did I not expect this level of popularity, but initially, I was afraid of it. [...] At times, I wished I had a way to quell the attention. I felt a strange powerlessness. (And guilt, for feeling stressed when the success of the game SHOULD be something I’m nothing but ecstatic about.)"

— Toby Fox on Tumblr, 2016[32]

The rapid rise of the Undertale fandom's popularity and its behavior towards those who disliked the game led Fox to comment about the matter on Twitter in January 2016, writing, "It's OK if people don't like the game. I don't care," and expressed hope the game would have an "overall good effect on the world".[33] In May 2016, internet personality MatPat, the then-host of YouTube series Game Theorists, gifted Pope Francis a Steam key of Undertale during a meeting between the Pope and numerous other YouTubers.[34][35]

Before Undertale's first anniversary, Fox made a retrospective post on Tumblr describing his feelings about the game's success and the stress the attention brought him, further referring to Undertale as "about an 8/10, niche RPG game."[32][36] The Undertale Art Book, which contained concept art and development commentary from Fox, was released through Fangamer in November 2016.[37] Fox was included on Forbes's 2018 list of 30 Under 30 in Games in November 2017 for his work on Undertale.[38] During a making-of interview about Undertale with Edge in January 2018, Fox expressed happiness that many people were able to enjoy Undertale, including children excited about the game, though remarked "my life has changed permanently and will never change back."[3]

Deltarune (2018–present)

The text "deltarune" in a lowercase pixelated font with a heart replacing the hole of the letter "a". The text is white against a black background.
The logo for Deltarune

While sick at home from university in 2011, Fox had a fever dream about an ending for a video game, after which he became obsessed with making that game and created the concept for Deltarune in 2012, though he abandoned development before creating a single room.[39] Some of the music from the concept became part of Undertale's soundtrack, and as the game's Kickstarter campaign was underway, Fox decided his next game would be "a mix of Undertale and that dream concept."[39] Fox began working on Deltarune's demo, which became the game's first chapter, in 2014.[40] Over the next year, prior to Undertale's release, Fox began creating concept art and sketches for Deltarune's main characters.[41][42]

"For the past 3 years I've been waking up in the middle of the night unable to go back to sleep because I've been thinking about the scenes that happen in the game. Even though so many details are still hazy, I really want to show you the things I've been thinking about. [...] If I don't show you what I'm thinking, I'll lose my mind."

— Toby Fox on Twitter, 2018[43]

On October 30, 2018, Fox asked "those who completed Undertale" to view the official Undertale Twitter account.[44] The next day, Fox unveiled a "survey program" available for free through the deltarune.com website, which was revealed to be Deltarune's first chapter.[45][46] Fox subsequently explained on Twitter that Deltarune was separate from Undertale's world, and that no work beyond the first chapter had been done; he further sought to assemble a development team to assist him with creating the game.[40][47] Though Fox continued writing dialogue and composing music, he disclosed in a February 2019 Indie World interview that Chapter 2's progress was "effectively 0%", and its development team had not yet been formed.[39] For Undertale's fourth anniversary, Fox shared new songs from Deltarune, further announcing progression in the game's design.[48]

Fox had long suffered from chronic hand and wrist pain, though his symptoms became severe during Deltarune Chapter 2's development in early 2020, which made it difficult for him to write and compose.[49] Deltarune's overall outline was stated to have been completed in a September 2020 development update.[50] Chapter 2 was announced on a livestream hosted by Fangamer for Undertale's sixth anniversary on September 15, 2021, and released two days later.[51] Fox opted to release the chapter for free, stating "the world has been really tough for everybody recently," though added the game's full release would be paid and was "definitely going to cost more than Undertale."[52] Fox stated that Chapters 3–5 would be made available simultaneously after the game's paid release, and Deltarune would span seven chapters.[53]

In November 2022, Fox started an email mailing list that allowed others to sign up for a seasonal Undertale / Deltarune newsletter featuring new information about Deltarune, with its first issue being released the following month.[54][55] Further development updates were provided between newsletters, with Fox stating in the Halloween 2023 issue that work on Chapter 3 was "nearing completion", also revealing that Deltarune's paid version would be available for purchase after Chapter 4 was finished, rescheduling Chapter 5 for a later release.[56][57]

Following more updates via the newsletter throughout 2023 and 2024, Fox confirmed in late 2024 that Chapters 3 and 4 would "100% come out in 2025".[58][59][60] He announced their release date in the April 2025 Nintendo Direct for the Nintendo Switch 2, releasing them bundled in with the first two as a paid game and Nintendo Switch 2 launch title on June 4, 2025.[61][62] Fox confirmed that future chapters would be free updates to the paid game,[63] and revealed that Chapter 5 was planned to release in 2026.[64] On June 9, 2026, Chapter 5 appeared in a Nintendo Direct, where its release date of June 24 was announced.[65] In June, Fox also stated that Chapter 6 was planned to release in 2027, and projected Chapter 7's development to begin before the end of 2026.[66]

Japanese game industry

Photo of ZUN
Photo of Yoko Taro wearing a large spherical mask
Photo of Masahiro Sakurai
Fox has befriended Japanese game developers, including, from left to right: ZUN, Yoko Taro, and Masahiro Sakurai.

Fox befriended Onion Games founder and Moon: Remix RPG Adventure designer Yoshiro Kimura after Onion Games launched an English Twitter account in 2013; Moon was one of Undertale's influences.[8] Kimura played Undertale's demo at Fox's request, after which they began playtesting each others' games.[8] Prior to Undertale's release, Fox told Clyde "Tomato" Mandelin, who co-founded Starmen.net and worked on the Mother 3 fan translation, about his intention to release the game in Japanese at some point.[67][68] He publicly confirmed his desire to release Undertale in Japanese in a December 2015 interview with AUTOMATON MEDIA.[69] Initially unsure about who to hire for Undertale's Japanese localization, Fox eventually chose to work with 8-4, Ltd. after a recommendation by his friend and Starmen.net co-founder Reid Young, who had since founded the merchandising company Fangamer.[11][70][71]

Work on Undertale's Japanese localization started in February 2016 and lasted a year and a half, with Fox closely involved and providing detailed translation notes; it released on August 16, 2017.[72][73] Nier creator Yoko Taro was the first to play Undertale in Japanese, having heard about it after the demo's release but deciding to wait until the localization, interviewing Fox prior to its release.[74][75] Kimura introduced Fox to Touhou Project creator ZUN, and the three held a round table interview through Denfaminico Gamer in October 2018.[8] Deltarune was simultaneously made available in English and Japanese following the first chapter's release that month.[76] Fox said in an interview with Indie World that he personally checks every line of the Deltarune Japanese translation.[77]

During a Nintendo Direct on September 4, 2019, it was announced that Sans from Undertale would be added into Super Smash Bros. Ultimate as a DLC costume for the Mii Fighter character, alongside a new arrangement of "Megalovania" by Fox.[78] Series creator Masahiro Sakurai noted Sans' popularity as a character request, further revealing that he had invited and driven Fox to his home, where they played Ultimate and spoke together in Japanese.[79] Fox called the visit "one of the most surreal (and fun) experiences of my life", saying that he would "never forget it".[80]

In May 2021, Sakurai announced his Famitsu column would conclude following the release of Ultimate's final DLC characters, and ended the column that November after having published over 600 articles since 2003.[81][82][83] Fox took over Sakurai's role and began publishing the "Secret Base" column starting in September 2022,[82] with topics including his childhood game development,[6] as well as the first-ever interview with Yume Nikki's pseudonymous developer Kikiyama.[84] When Sakurai launched an English version of his game development YouTube channel, localized by 8-4, he remarked Fox had provided him with 8-4's contact info.[85] From 2024 until its 2026 discontinuation, Fox participated as a judge for Sakurai's "Game Designers Award" panel at the Japan Game Awards.[86][87][88]

Fox's decision to only officially localize his games in Japanese became subject to controversy among some Latin American fans in March 2026 after he promoted OFF's Japanese translation.[89] He responded in a statement on Bluesky, where he stated his want for official localizations to "match [his] vision", remarking that he was only able to release the Japanese version due to him speaking the language, though he praised fan translations, noting that they can exist without being "officially perfect".[89][90] An Undertale museum exhibition scheduled to launch in Tokyo and Osaka in 2027 was supervised by Fox.[91]

Other projects

Refer to caption
Homestuck creator Andrew Hussie in 2010

Fox's first job as a composer was for Homestuck, a webcomic which he had read since its previous installment, Problem Sleuth.[14][18] When Fox asked Andrew Hussie whether he could contribute music to Homestuck as the webcomic was becoming popular, Hussie agreed, commenting that he had already considered contacting Fox.[92] Fox contributed various tracks for Homestuck's soundtrack, including "Megalovania".[14][93] One of Fox's Homestuck works was titled The Baby Is You, a short album where the character Dave Strider becomes pregnant with the main character, John Egbert, created in response to an MSPA Forums rule by Hussie which banned art of pregnant characters.[94]

The visual novel Rose of Winter, which released in September 2016, featured tracks composed by Fox.[95] In December 2016, it was announced Fox would be a writer for the first issue of A Profound Waste of Time, a video game magazine fundraised on Kickstarter.[96][97] Fox continued his work on Homestuck's music with the release of the first act of Hiveswap, a Homestuck video game funded through a Kickstarter campaign in 2012 and released on September 14, 2017, following multiple delays.[98] Japanese musician Itoki Hana, who had reached out to Fox via email years earlier to present her Undertale song remixes,[99] featured Fox as a composer and background vocalist for the song "74" from her August 2018 debut album PRAY, marking his first time composing and singing for another musician.[100]

Wrestler Kenny Omega, whom Fox had previously met at a Tokyo Game Show event, collaborated with him to produce an Undertale-styled video advertising Omega's appearance at Wrestle Kingdom 13 on January 4, 2019.[101] That year, Fox composed tracks for YIIK: A Postmodern RPG,[102] Temmie Chang's debut game Escaped Chasm,[103] and Game Freak's RPG Little Town Hero, on which Fox's music was arranged by long-time Pokémon composer Hitomi Sato.[104][105] He additionally composed a song for Pokémon Sword and Shield, which Polygon remarked sounded similar to a track from The Baby Is You.[94][106] The "Pollyanna" Mother tribute comic, which featured a contribution from series creator Shigesato Itoi, was released in June 2020 and included Fox among its 35 artists.[107] That July, he animated and directed Mother composer Hirokazu "Chip" Tanaka's "Hammerhead Shark Song" music video,[108][109] and composed tracks for Chang's game Dweller's Empty Path.[110] Fox was an artist for the "Pollyanna" sequel comic, released in October 2021.[111]

Throughout 2021 and 2022, Fox continued collaborating with other musicians, including "Myths You Forgot" and "Summerblue" with Camellia,[112][113] a Pocari Sweat commercial with imase and PUNPEE,[114] and "Skies Forever Blue" with Itoki Hana and OMOCAT.[115] He announced in June 2022 that he would be composing multiple tracks for Pokémon Scarlet and Violet, and wrote five tracks for its soundtrack.[116][117] Fox detailed his voice acting debut as the skeleton Jared in the We Baby Bears episode "Polly's New Crew" during his Summer 2023 newsletter, stating "it's always been a dream of mine to be a voice actor in cartoons."[118][‡ 2]

For Pokémon Scarlet and Violet's 2023 expansion The Indigo Disk, he remixed Ed Sheeran's "Celestial".[119] In 2024, he partnered with Japanese game developer ZUN for the Touhou Danmaku Kagura Phantasia Lost downloadable content, which included a track that combined the Touhou song "U.N - Owen Was Her?" with Undyne the Undying's boss battle theme "Battle Against a True Hero" from Undertale.[120] In 2025, Fox voiced John Egbert in the Homestuck animated pilot.[118][121]

Philanthropy

During an Undertale speedrun at the Games Done Quick event AGDQ 2017, Fox made a $10,000 donation.[122] Undertale has been part of several Humble Bundles, collections of games sold to support charity, including two that donated all proceeds to coronavirus relief during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the bundles raising $6.5 million in 2020 and $1.1 million in 2021.[123][124]

The text "fangamer" in various shades of blue text, accompanied by a green logo with a white plus
Fox has launched charity events in collaboration with Fangamer.

To commemorate Undertale's 7th anniversary in 2022, Fox held the "Spamton Sweepstakes" charity auction through Deltarune's website on September 17, in collaboration with Fangamer and themed after the Deltarune character Spamton, and in support of Child's Play and Pakistan Children Relief.[125][126] The event ultimately raised $322,805.68.[127] Following a copyright dispute between the team of Undertale fan game Undertale Yellow and Materia Collective's CEO Sebastian Wolff over the use of Fox's music in the game, Fox donated $20,000 to AbleGamers as a token of apology in January 2024.[128]

For Undertale's 10th anniversary, Fangamer and Fox held a two-day livestream in support of Doctors Without Borders on September 21 and 22, 2025, holding auctions for collectables and featuring new in-game content exclusive to the stream.[129][130] This livestream raised $361,407 across both days.[131]

Influences

Shigesato Itoi (pictured)'s Mother series was a primary source of inspiration for Fox.

Fox, a fan of Japanese video games since his childhood, has listed EarthBound and Touhou Project among his primary influences.[18][69] Several of the other games which influenced Undertale's creation included Shin Megami Tensei, Brandish, the Mario & Luigi RPGs, and Cave Story.[18] The Mother series particularly stood out to him for its "perfect balance between humor and seriousness".[17] He further singled out EarthBound and its ability to evoke emotions, in spite of its "weird off-brand Charlie Brown game" appearance.[132] Fox has listed composers Yasunori Mitsuda and Hiroki Kikuta among his musical influences.[133]

Specific gameplay mechanics in Undertale were drawn from other games; the ability to talk to and spare enemies instead of fighting them was inspired by Shin Megami Tensei.[134] He described Undertale's combination of shoot 'em up and RPG gameplay as being out of love for both Super Mario RPG and Touhou.[69]

Yoshiro Kimura told PC Gamer in an interview that he was inspired to create another RPG following 1997's Moon after playing Undertale, and released Stray Children in 2025.[135]

Style

Fox's use of leitmotifs in his music has been praised for its cohesion and ability to represent characters.[136][137] He stated in a 2018 interview that he composed songs for the characters Sans and Papyrus before conceiving them, and wrote most other themes specifically for a given character.[3] PC Gamer highlighted the Deltarune song "The Third Sanctuary" as "an affront to time signatures" for its use of unusual time signatures including 9
4, 11
8, 4
8, 5
4 and 12
8, and remarked the song's use was "one of the most thoughtful moments of storytelling in a videogame".[138]

Personal life

Pixel art representation of the "Annoying Dog" character's face
Close-up of Toby Fox covered in foam
Fox often hides his face, using the Annoying Dog (face left) as a self-insert.[139] In 2023, he requested that a photo of himself entirely covered in foam (right) be used as his Wikipedia image.[‡ 3]

As of 2018, Fox resided in Boston, Massachusetts.[140] He can speak Japanese, and has visited Japan multiple times for travel and work.[89][140] Game Informer remarked that, despite his popularity, Fox is "a very private person, hiding his face from the internet."[89] By his own admission, Fox dislikes interview questions, only occasionally doing interviews.[139][141] Fox considers his game creation process to be atypical of traditional game development, but acknowledged "clearly many people are pleased with the result."[142] While his wrist pain has improved over time, he began using voice-to-text software to compensate for being unable to type for extended periods, remarking Deltarune would not be possible to release by himself due to his physical condition.[142]

Though Fox's social media presence has been described as "relatively restrained" by Game Informer,[89] he has engaged with internet culture, including creating a fan fiction between Sans from Undertale and Reigen from Mob Psycho 100 after Sans beat Reigen in a Tumblr Sexyman bracket's finals by 0.1 percent in September 2022,[143][144] and referencing the Among Us "sus" meme in Deltarune's fourth chapter, released in June 2025.[145]

In January 2024, Fox celebrated MatPat on Twitter with "crude drawings" of Undertale characters, following the announcement of his then-upcoming retirement as the main host of Game Theorists.[1] In February 2026, Fox quote tweeted a Toy Story 5 (2026) trailer while feigning involvement—referencing the "friend inside me" fandom inside joke from Fox's "creepy" altered Tumblr post of "You've Got a Friend in Me".[146] In July 2026, Fox wrote a fan fiction similar to his 2022 one after Tenna from Deltarune won a subsequent Tumblr Sexyman final against Ryland Grace from Project Hail Mary (2026).[147][‡ 4]

Works

Video games

Year Title Director Composer Writer Platforms Ref.
2005 Arn's Winter Quest Yes No Yes Super Nintendo (ROM hack) [‡ 5][9]
2008 EarthBound Halloween Hack Yes Yes Yes Super Nintendo (ROM hack) [10]
2015 Undertale Yes Yes Yes Windows, macOS, Linux, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One [25]
2016 Rose of Winter No Yes No Windows [95]
2017 Hiveswap: Act 1 No Yes No Windows, macOS, Linux [98]
2018 Deltarune Chapter 1 Yes Yes Yes Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch 2 [46]
2019 Escaped Chasm No Yes No Windows [103]
Little Town Hero No Yes No Windows, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One [104]
2020 Dweller's Empty Path No Yes No Windows [110]
Hiveswap: Act 2 No Yes No Windows, macOS, Linux [148]
2021 Deltarune Chapter 2 Yes Yes Yes Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch 2 [149]
2022 Pokémon Scarlet and Violet No Yes No Nintendo Switch [116]
2025 Deltarune Chapters 3+4 Yes Yes Yes Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch 2 [61]
Off (remaster) No Yes No Windows, Nintendo Switch [12]
2026 Deltarune Chapter 5 Yes Yes Yes Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch 2 [65]

Future games

Year Title Director Composer Writer Platforms Ref.
2026
 Hiveswap: Act 3 No Yes No Windows [148]
2027
 Deltarune Chapter 6 Yes Yes Yes Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch 2 [66]
TBA
 Deltarune Chapter 7 Yes Yes Yes Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch 2

Guest composer only

Other roles

Other credits

Year Media type Media title Role Notes Ref.
2009–2016 Webcomic Homestuck Composer [14]
2010 Album The Baby Is You Writer, composer, vocalist Album made for Homestuck [94]
2012 Album I Miss You - EarthBound 2012 Composer [‡ 7]
2018 Album Pray Guest composer, lyricist and vocalist In collaboration with Itoki Hana [100]
2020 Comic Hobonichi Mother Project "Pollyanna" comic Contributor [107]
Music video Chip Tanaka/Hammerhead Shark Song Director/animator (music video) [109]
2021 Song "Myths You Forgot" Featured artist In collaboration with Camellia [112]
2022 Song "Skies Forever Blue" Composer, writer In collaboration with Itoki Hana [115]
Commercial Pocari Sweat Composer In collaboration with PUNPEE and imase [114]
2023 Song "The Greatest Living Show" Composer, writer In collaboration with Itoki Hana [155]
Song "Prelude" Composer In collaboration with bo en [‡ 8]
Animated television series We Baby Bears Voice actor (2 episodes) [118]
2024 Song "Fallen Wing" Composer As a guest composer for Hololive VTuber Amane Kanata's Unknown DIVA album, with Camellia [156]
Song "Dead Ma'am's Chest" Composer In collaboration with Hololive VTuber Houshou Marine and Camellia [157]
2025 Web series Homestuck: The Animated Pilot Composer, Executive Producer, voice actor (John Egbert) Credited as Toby "Radiation" Fox [121]

References

  1. 1 2 Do Couto, Sarah (January 10, 2024). "YouTuber MatPat Announces Retirement in Teary Farewell Video". Global News. Corus Entertainment. Archived from the original on November 28, 2025. Retrieved September 19, 2026. Video game designer Robert F. (Toby) Fox thanked Patrick "for the theories" with a crude drawing of characters from the popular role-playing game Undertale.
  2. ↑ "Undertale - Videojuego (PC, Switch, PS4, PSVITA, Xbox Series X y Xbox One)" [Undertale - Video Game (PC, Switch, PS4, PS Vita, Xbox Series X and Xbox One)]. Vandal (in Spanish). El Español. Archived from the original on March 11, 2026. Retrieved September 19, 2026. [...] realizado por una única persona, Robert F. "Toby" Fox. [[...] created by a single person, Robert F. "Toby" Fox.]
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Schilling, Chris (May 5, 2018) [January 2018]. "The Making of Undertale". Edge. No. 314. Future plc. ISSN 1350-1593. Archived from the original on August 6, 2026. Retrieved August 27, 2026 – via PC Gamer.
  4. ↑ Hayward, Mark (December 6, 2020). "City Matters: Secretive NH Game Designer Created Undertale Video Game". New Hampshire Union Leader. ISSN 0745-5798. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2026.
  5. ↑ Soejima; Boku (September 14, 2018). "「Hello! インディー」第10回 『Undertale』の開発者トビーさんにインタビュー（後編）" ['Hello! Indie' Episode 10: Interview with Toby-san, Creator of Undertale (Part 2)]. Indie World (in Japanese). Nintendo. Archived from the original on January 5, 2026. Retrieved August 28, 2026.
  6. 1 2 3 Fox, Toby (March 23, 2023). Fujikawa Q (ed.). "【Toby Foxの秘密基地】連載コラム第5回 はじめての『RPGツクール』ゲーム／"トビーさんが返事をくれる？投稿企画"第2弾も募集開始！" [[Toby Fox's Secret Base] Column Series Part 5: "My First RPG Maker Game" / Submissions Are Now Open for the Second Round of the "Will Toby Reply to You?" Post Campaign!]. Famitsu (in Japanese). No. 1788. Kadokawa Game Linkage [ja]. Archived from the original on August 15, 2026. Retrieved August 27, 2026.
  7. ↑ Couture, Joel (December 16, 2016). "Origin Stories: Devs Recount Their First Game Design Experiences". Game Developer. Informa. Archived from the original on May 18, 2024. Retrieved August 28, 2026.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Okumura, Kisuko; Koyama, Taisuke (October 19, 2018). "『Undertale』トビー・フォックス×『東方』ZUN×Onion Games木村祥朗鼎談" ["(Undertale) Toby Fox × (Touhou) ZUN × (Onion Games) Yoshiro Kimura Roundtable Discussion]. Denfaminico Gamer (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2026.
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  113. ↑ Stenbuck, Kite (August 5, 2022). "Beatmania IIDX 30 Resident Will Come With a New Toby Fox Song". Siliconera. Gamurs. Archived from the original on June 24, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  114. 1 2 Gueed (April 1, 2022). "トビー・フォックス氏が主題歌制作に参加したポカリスエット新CM公開。CM制作の詳細をまとめたライナーノーツ風CMパンフレットも到着" [A New Pocari Sweat Commercial Featuring Toby Fox, Who Contributed to the Theme Song, Has Been Released. A "Liner Notes"-Style Promotional Pamphlet Detailing the Production Process Has Also Arrived]. 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). Aetas [ja]. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2026.
  115. 1 2 Liu, Stephanie (November 2, 2022). "Toby Fox Collaborated With Omocat on the Song 'Skies Forever Blue'". Siliconera. Gamurs. Archived from the original on January 30, 2024. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  116. 1 2 Nelson, Will (June 2, 2022). "Undertale's Toby Fox is doing music for Pokémon Scarlet and Violet'". NME. ISSN 0028-6362. Archived from the original on July 19, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  117. ↑ Norman, Jim (December 20, 2022). "Undertale Creator Toby Fox Shares His Pokémon Scarlet and Violet Soundtrack Contributions". Nintendo Life. Hookshot Media. Archived from the original on June 14, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
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  123. ↑ Ziwei, Puah (April 27, 2020). "Humble Bundle Raises Over $6.5 Million for Coronavirus Relief". NME. BandLab Technologies. ISSN 0028-6362. Archived from the original on December 30, 2024. Retrieved August 28, 2026.
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  126. ↑ Valentine, Rebekah (January 8, 2026). "Deltarune Fans Are Trying to Solve a Three-Year-Old ARG That May Give Clues to a Beloved Character's Fate". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on July 21, 2026. Retrieved September 20, 2026.
  127. ↑ Hata (December 2, 2022). "『Undertale』7周年記念イベント「スパムトン・ステークス」日本語サイト公開―ツッコミどころが満載" [Undertale 7th Anniversary Event "Spamton Sweepstakes" Japanese Website Launched ― Full of Things to Make Fun Of]. Game*Spark (in Japanese). IID, Inc. [ja]. Archived from the original on July 20, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2026.
  128. ↑ Grayson, Nathan (January 8, 2024). "Undertale Creator Settles Music CEO's Bet Against Fans by Donating $20,000 to Charity". Aftermath. Archived from the original on March 9, 2026. Retrieved August 30, 2026.
  129. ↑ Serin, Kaan (September 21, 2025). "Undertale's 10th Anniversary Stream Included New Areas and Changes to the Original RPG That Might Just Connect It to Deltarune Even More, and Fans Are Freaking Out". GamesRadar+. Future plc. Archived from the original on August 20, 2026. Retrieved August 29, 2026.
  130. ↑ Bailey, Dustin (September 22, 2025). "Undertale Fans Raised Over $330,000 for Charity at the RPG's 10th Anniversary Event, Where Someone Paid $11,000 for a "One-of-a-Kind" Giant Toriel Plush". GamesRadar+. Future plc. Archived from the original on August 25, 2026. Retrieved August 29, 2026.
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  132. ↑ Bennett, David (October 22, 2015). "Behind the Humor of Toby Fox's Undertale". Kill Screen. Archived from the original on September 16, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  133. ↑ Jarman, Casey (June 15, 2016). "The Cottage Industry of Indie Game Soundtracks". Bandcamp Daily. Archived from the original on June 26, 2025. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  134. ↑ Couture, Joel (October 27, 2015). "How Undertale Makes You Think Hard Before Killing Monsters". Game Developer. Informa. Archived from the original on August 31, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  135. ↑ Fenlon, Wes (November 4, 2025). "After Being Inspired by Toby Fox to Make His First RPG in Decades, Cult Developer Yoshiro Kimura Couldn't Help But Make It Weird: 'Some People Are Going to Look at It and Go That's Kind of Odd, But That's Just the Way My Games Turn Out'". PC Gamer. Future plc. ISSN 1080-4471. Archived from the original on March 17, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  136. ↑ Delmo, Janrold (July 27, 2023). "The Best Tracks on Undertale's OST, Ranked". TheGamer. Valnet. Archived from the original on July 10, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  137. ↑ Yu, Jason (April 14, 2016). "An Examination of Leitmotifs and Their Use to Shape Narrative in Undertale - Part 2 of 2". Game Developer. Archived from the original on September 2, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  138. ↑ Randall, Harvey (August 9, 2026). "Deltarune's 'The Third Sanctuary' Is an Affront to Time Signatures, and Also One of My Favourite Songs in a Videogame Ever". PC Gamer. Future plc. ISSN 1080-4471. Archived from the original on September 13, 2026. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
  139. 1 2 Audureau, William (October 13, 2018). "A la Recherche de L'Insaisissable Toby Fox, Auteur du Jeu Vidéo Culte « Undertale »" [In Search of the Elusive Toby Fox, Creator of the Cult Video Game Undertale]. Le Monde (in French). Groupe Le Monde. ISSN 1950-6244. Archived from the original on January 2, 2026. Retrieved August 30, 2026.
  140. 1 2 Ruiz, Garcia; NakaJ (February 13, 2018). "【Undertale含む外国人クリエイター6人の証言】海外大ヒットインディーゲーム開発者は"和ゲー"を心底愛している──影響を受けた日本のゲーム、尊敬する人は？" [[Testimonials From 6 Foreign Creators, Including the Developer of Undertale] The Developer Behind a Massive Overseas Indie Hit Truly Loves "Japanese Games" — Which Titles Influenced Them, and Who Do They Admire?]. Denfaminico Gamer (in Japanese). Archived from the original on August 24, 2026. Retrieved August 30, 2026.
  141. ↑ Isaac, Chris (December 10, 2015). "Interview: Undertale Game Creator Toby Fox". The Mary Sue. Abrams Media. Archived from the original on September 16, 2026. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
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  152. ↑ Romano, Sal (August 7, 2023). "Touhou Danmaku Kagura: Phantasia Lost for PC Launches February 8, 2024". Gematsu. Archived from the original on August 7, 2023. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
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  154. ↑ "「Chunithm Verse」，本日より順次稼働開始" [Chunithm Verse Begins Rolling Out to Arcades Today]. 4Gamer.net (in Japanese). Aetas [ja]. December 12, 2024. Archived from the original on March 17, 2025. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
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Works cited

Primary sources

In the text, these references are preceded by a double dagger (‡):

  1. ↑ Fox, Toby [@tobyfox] (October 11, 2017). "It's my 26th birthday. Where's the time go...? It feels like just yesterday I was 25... Huh? That WAS yesterday?" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 24, 2025. Retrieved August 29, 2026 – via Twitter.
  2. ↑ Fox, Toby (June 25, 2023). "Issue 3 – Summer 2023". Undertale / Deltarune Newsletter. Fangamer. Archived from the original on September 19, 2026. Retrieved January 11, 2026.
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ @fwugradiation (July 20, 2026). "Tumblr Sexyman Contest 2026 Final Round". Tumblr. Archived from the original on September 13, 2026. Retrieved September 20, 2026.
  5. ↑ Fox, Toby (March 27, 2005). "Arn's Winter Quest". Starmen.net. Archived from the original on April 30, 2026. Retrieved September 19, 2026.
  6. ↑ Love Conquers All Games (September 21, 2021). Get in the Car, Loser!. Scene: Credits.
  7. ↑ Fox, Toby; et al. (January 1, 2012). "I Miss You - EarthBound 2012, by Various Artists". Bandcamp. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  8. ↑ Fox, Toby; bo en (November 21, 2023). "prelude". Bandcamp. Archived from the original on July 14, 2026. Retrieved August 27, 2026.
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