KSR2

KSR2
Identifiers
Aliases	KSR2, kinase suppressor of ras 2
External IDs	OMIM: 610737; MGI: 3610315; HomoloGene: 45469; GeneCards: KSR2; OMA:KSR2 - orthologs
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2Y4I
Enzyme activity
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	117,968,990 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	117,913,068 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	Brodmann area 23; ; middle temporal gyrus; ; postcentral gyrus; ; endothelial cell; ; entorhinal cortex; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; primary visual cortex; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; cerebellar vermis; ; Brodmann area 46;
	Top expressed in
	zygote; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; primary visual cortex; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; cerebellar cortex; ; secondary oocyte; ; lumbar subsegment of spinal cord; ; neural layer of retina; ; hippocampus proper; ; amygdala;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; nucleotide binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; ATP binding; metal ion binding; kinase activity; protein kinase activity; signal transducer activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; membrane; cytosol; plasma membrane;
Biological process	intracellular signal transduction; phosphorylation; protein phosphorylation; Ras protein signal transduction; calcium-mediated signaling; positive regulation of MAPK cascade; positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	283455
	333050
	ENSG00000171435
	ENSMUSG00000061578
	Q6VAB6
	Q3UVC0
	NM_173598
	NM_001034873; NM_001114545; NM_001312914
	NP_775869
	NP_001299843
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

KSR2 is a gene which encodes Kinase Suppressor of Ras 2 in humans. ^[5]

The encoded protein plays a role in energy homeostasis, including fatty acid oxidation, glucose metabolism and basal metabolic rate (BMR). As a result, subsequent mutations in this gene, albeit rare, have been linked to the development of early on-set obesity and insulin resistance.

Variations within the gene and its expression are hypothesized to play a key role in the phenotype of individuals with metabolic disease, alongside leptin-deficiency induced hyperphagia. While the exact mechanism is unclear, it is believed that KSR2 variations result in a disruption of the MAPK/ERK pathway, which can in turn lower the body's BMR. Since this normally accounts for about 70% of the total energy expenditure, a decrease results in excess energy storage, compared to an individual with a normal BMR on an isocaloric diet.^[6]

Besides human metabolism, KSR2 is also crucial for ovarian development in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi.^[7]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000171435 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061578 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "KSR2". Entrez Gene.
↑ Pearce LR, Atanassova N, Banton MC, Bottomley B, van der Klaauw AA, Revelli JP, et al. (November 2013). "KSR2 mutations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired cellular fuel oxidation". Cell. 155 (4): 765–777. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.058. PMC 3898740. PMID 24209692.
↑ Huang Z, Tian Z, Zhao Y, Zhu F, Liu W, Wang X (May 2022). "MAPK Signaling Pathway Is Essential for Female Reproductive Regulation in the Cabbage Beetle, Colaphellus bowringi". Cells. 11 (10): 1602. doi:10.3390/cells11101602. PMC 9140119. PMID 35626638.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000171435 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061578 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] "KSR2". Entrez Gene.

[6] Pearce LR, Atanassova N, Banton MC, Bottomley B, van der Klaauw AA, Revelli JP, et al. (November 2013). "KSR2 mutations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired cellular fuel oxidation". Cell. 155 (4): 765–777. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.058. PMC 3898740. PMID 24209692.

[7] Huang Z, Tian Z, Zhao Y, Zhu F, Liu W, Wang X (May 2022). "MAPK Signaling Pathway Is Essential for Female Reproductive Regulation in the Cabbage Beetle, Colaphellus bowringi". Cells. 11 (10): 1602. doi:10.3390/cells11101602. PMC 9140119. PMID 35626638.

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[7]

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

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KSR2

See also

References