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Help:IPA/Santali

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Santali language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants[1][a]
IPA[3]Ol Chiki[4]RomanizationISO 15919Santali word
d͡ʒ ᱡ j j ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱢ
ˀt͡ʃ[b] ᱡᱽ c' j se̠c' "towards"[6]
ɖ ᱰ ḍ ḍ ᱰᱤᱞᱤ
h ᱦ h h ᱦᱮᱢᱟᱞ
ʱ ᱷ h h ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ
j ᱭ y y ᱥᱩᱭ
k ᱠ k k ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ
ˀk[c] ᱜᱽ k' g dak' "water"[6]
g ᱜ g g ᱜᱚᱜ
l ᱞ l l ᱞᱟᱡ
m ᱢ m m ᱢᱚᱬᱮ
n ᱱ n n ᱢᱚᱱᱮ
ɳ ᱬ ṇ ṇ ko̠ṛṇje̠ "crooked"[6]
ɲ ᱧ ń ñ ᱧᱤᱨ
ŋ ᱝ ṅg ṅ ᱥᱤᱝ
p ᱯ p p ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ
ˀp[d] ᱵᱽ p' b selep' "antelope"[6]
b ᱵ b b ᱟᱵᱚ
r ᱨ r r ᱨᱚᱲ
ɽ ᱲ ṛ ṛ ᱨᱚᱲ
s ᱥ s s ᱥᱚᱥᱚ
t ᱛ t t ᱛᱟᱞᱮ
ʈ ᱴ ṭ ṭ ᱴᱚᱴᱮ
t͡ʃ ᱪ c c ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ
d ᱫ d d ᱫᱟᱞ
ˀt[e] ᱫᱽ t' d lathak' "lumpy"[6]
w ᱣ w w ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ
w̃ ᱶ – w ᱥᱟᱶ
Vowels[1]
IPAOl ChikiRomanizationISO 15919Santali word
a ᱟ a a ᱟᱴᱟ
ɛ ᱮᱹ e̠ ê ᱢᱮᱹ
i ᱤ i i ᱥᱤᱢ
ɔ ᱳ o̠ ô ᱛᱳᱣᱟ
o ᱚᱹ o o ᱥᱚᱹᱱᱟ
u ᱩ u u ᱢᱩᱡ
e ᱮ e e ᱦᱮᱣᱟ
ə ᱟᱹ ạ – ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ
ã ᱟᱺ ã ã ãk' "bellow"[7]
ĩ ᱤᱺ i̋ ĩ mĩrũ "rimless"[8]
ɛ̃ ᱮᱺ ẽ̠ – hẽ̠c' "heavy"[8]
ɔ̃ ᱳᱺ õ̠ – hõ̠ "also"[8]
ə̃ ᱟᱺ ạ̃ – kạ̃r "thistle"[7]
ũ ᱩᱺ ũ ũ ũṭ "camel"[8]
Suprasegmentals
IPA Notes
ˈ◌ stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
◌ː doubled consonant
(placed after doubled consonant)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ /ˀtʃ ˀk ˀt ˀp/ are allophones of /tʃ k t p/ in coda positions.[2]
  2. ↑ Phonetically [ˀɟ̚ᶮ].[5]
  3. ↑ Phonetically [ʔ][5]
  4. ↑ Phonetically [ˀb̥̚ᵐ][5]
  5. ↑ Phonetically [ˀd̥̚ⁿ][5]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Anderson 2007, p. 11.
  2. ↑ Ghosh 2008, p. 26.
  3. ↑ Zide, Norman (1996). Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (eds.). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 614-615. ISBN 978-0195079937.
  4. ↑ "Ol Chiki Script". A portal for Santals. 2002. Archived from the original on 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Choksi 2020, p. 67.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Anderson 2007, p. 12.
  7. 1 2 Ghosh 2008, p. 22.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Ghosh 2008, p. 23.

Works cited

[edit]
  • Anderson, Gregory D. S. (2007). The Munda verb: typological perspectives. Trends in linguistics. Vol. 174. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-018965-0.
  • Bodding, Paul Olaf (1930). Materials for a Santali Grammar. I Mostly Phonetic. Second Edition. Dumka: Santal Mission of the Northern Churches.
  • Choksi, Nishaant (2020). "From Transcript to "Trans-Script": Romanized Santali across Semiotic Media". Signs and Society. 8 (1): 62–92. doi:10.1086/706549 – via Cambridge University Press.
  • Ghosh, Arun (2008). "Santali". In Anderson, Gregory D.S. (ed.). The Munda Languages. London: Routledge. pp. 11–98.
  • Kobayashi, Masato; Osada, Toshiki; Murmu, Ganesh (2003). "Report on a Preliminary Survey of the Dialects of Kherwarian Languages". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 66: 331–364.
  • Minegishi, Makoto; Murmu, Ganesh (2001). Santali Basic Lexicon with Grammatical Notes. (Asian and African lexicon, 38.). Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
  • Neukom, Lukas (2001). Santali. München: LINCOM Europa.

See also

[edit]
[edit]

Santali transliterator Free online tool to convert Santali text from Ol Chiki to romanization.

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