Help:IPA/Marathi

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Marathi on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Marathi in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Shortcut

H:IPA-MRH:IPA-MR

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Marathi pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Marathi phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Marathi.

Consonants
IPA^[1]	Marathi^[1]	IAST	English Approximation
b	ब	b	abash
bʱ^[2]	भ	bh	clubhouse
d^[3]	द	d	these, thou (dental)
dʱ^[3]	ध	dh	redhead (dental)
ɖ^[3]	ड	ḍ	American bird
ɖʱ^[3]	ढ	ḍh	American birdhouse
dʑ^[4]	ज	j	jazz
dʑʱ^[4]	झ	jh	hedgehog
ɡ	ग	g	again
ɡʱ	घ	gh	loghouse
ɦ	ह	h	have
j	य, ञ	y	yak
k	क	k	scan
kʰ	ख	kh	can
l	ल	l	lot
ɭ̆^[5]	ळ	ḷ	Similar to bell
m	म	m	might
n	न	n	not
ŋ	ङ	ṅ	sing
ɳ	ण	ṇ	American burn
ɲ	ञ, ज्ञ	ñ	minion
p	प	p	spot
pʰ^[6]	फ	ph	pot
ɾ	र	r	American atom
ʃ^[7]	श	ś	ship
ʂ	ष	ṣ	American worship
s	स	s	see
t^[3]	त	t	bit (dental)
tʰ^[3]	थ	th	table (dental)
ʈ^[3]	ट	ṭ	parts
ʈʰ^[3]	ठ	ṭh	partake
tɕ^[8]	च	c	catch
tɕʰ^[8]	छ	ch	beachead
ʋ	व	v	Between wine and vine

Vowels
IPA	Marathi	IAST	English Approximation
aː	आ	ā	father
æ	अ‍ॅ	æ	trap
ə	अ	a	about
e	ए	e	Scottish may
i	इ	i	happy
iː	ई	ī	keep
o	ओ	o	story
ɔ	ऑ	a	not
u	उ	u	pull
uː	ऊ	ū	pool
əi	ऐ	ai	Similar to buy
əm	अं	am	rhythm
əu	औ	au	Similar to go
ɾu	ऋ	ṛ	rule

Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ	stress (placed before stressed syllable)
◌ː	doubled consonant (placed after consonant)

Notes

1 2 In the letter series beginning with क, क = क् + अ; ka = k + a. Thus 'क' has the inherent vowel 'अ', giving 'क' without added vowel sign using diacritics (The halanta "्" is removed). But the IPA shown here has the consonant 'k' only & does not include the vowel 'a'.
↑ /bʱ/ is pronounced either as [bʱ] or [v].
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Marathi contrasts dental [t] and [d] with apical postalveolar [ʈ] and [ɖ] (as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like /t/ and /d/ to most English speakers although the dental [t] and [d] are used in place of the English /θ/ and /ð/ for some speakers with th-stopping.
1 2 /dʑ/ and /dʑʱ/ phonetically may be either [dʑ] and [dʑʱ], [dz] and [dzʱ] or [dʒ] and [dʒʱ] depending on the variety and speaker.
↑ /ɭ̆/ is pronounced either as [ɭ̆] or [ɭ].
↑ /pʰ/ is pronounced either as [pʰ] or [f].
↑ /ʃ/ is pronounced either as [ʃ] or [ɕ].
1 2 /tɕ/ and /tɕʰ/ phonetically may be either [tɕ] and [tɕʰ] or [ts] and [tsʰ], [tʃ] and [tʃʰ] depending on the variety and speaker.

Bibliography

Marathi language sounds
Bloch, J (1970). Formation of the Marathi Language. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-2322-8.
Dhongde, Ramesh Vaman; Wali, Kashi (2009). Marathi. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co. ISBN 978-90-272-38139.
A Survey of Marathi Dialects. VIII. Gāwḍi, A. M. Ghatage & P. P. Karapurkar. The State Board for Literature and Culture, Bombay. 1972.

[inherentv-1] 1 2 In the letter series beginning with क, क = क् + अ; ka = k + a. Thus 'क' has the inherent vowel 'अ', giving 'क' without added vowel sign using diacritics (The halanta "्" is removed). But the IPA shown here has the consonant 'k' only & does not include the vowel 'a'.

[Voiced_labiodental_fricative-2] /bʱ/ is pronounced either as [bʱ] or [v].

[coronal-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Marathi contrasts dental [t] and [d] with apical postalveolar [ʈ] and [ɖ] (as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like /t/ and /d/ to most English speakers although the dental [t] and [d] are used in place of the English /θ/ and /ð/ for some speakers with th-stopping.

[Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate-4] 1 2 /dʑ/ and /dʑʱ/ phonetically may be either [dʑ] and [dʑʱ], [dz] and [dzʱ] or [dʒ] and [dʒʱ] depending on the variety and speaker.

[Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap-5] /ɭ̆/ is pronounced either as [ɭ̆] or [ɭ].

[Voiceless_labiodental_fricative-6] /pʰ/ is pronounced either as [pʰ] or [f].

[Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative-7] /ʃ/ is pronounced either as [ʃ] or [ɕ].

[Voiceless_alveolar_affricate-8] 1 2 /tɕ/ and /tɕʰ/ phonetically may be either [tɕ] and [tɕʰ] or [ts] and [tsʰ], [tʃ] and [tʃʰ] depending on the variety and speaker.

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Bibliography