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Help:IPA/Lao

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from H:IPA-LO)

These charts illustrate International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for pronunciations of the Lao/Isan (Lao script for Nongkhai-Vientiane dialect, a standard Lao in Laos; Thai script for Roi Kaen Sarasin dialect, a standard Isan in Thailand)[citation needed] and Phuan in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPALaoIsanPhuan[1]Transliteration[2]English approximation
Syllable-initial consonants
b ບ บ บ bboss
d ດ ฎ, ด ฎ, ด ddone
f ຝ, ຟ ฝ, ฟ ฝ, ฟ ffood
h ຫ, ຮ ห, ฮ ห, ฮ hhead
j ຢ ย, อย, หย ย, อย, หย yyak
k ກ ก ก kscan
kʰ ຂ, ຄ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ khcan
l ລ, ຫຼ ล, ฬ, หล ร, หร, ล, ฬ, หล llaw
m ມ, ໝ ม, หม ม, หม mmuch
n ນ, ໜ ณ, น, หน ณ, น, หน nnot
ŋ ງ, ຫງ ง, หง ง, หง ngsinger
ɲ[3] ຍ, ຫຍ ญ, ย, หย ญ, ย, หย gn, ny, ycanyon
p ປ ป ป pspan
pʰ ຜ, ພ ผ, พ, ภ ผ, พ, ภ phpan
r[4] ຣ, ຫຼ, ຫຣ ร, หร ร, หร rtrilled r
s ສ, ຊ ซ, ศ, ษ, ส ซ, ศ, ษ, ส x, ssue
t ຕ ฏ, ต ฏ, ต tstable
tʰ ຖ, ທ ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ thtable
tɕ ຈ จ จ chjean
tɕʰ[4] — ฉ, ช, ฌ ฉ, ช, ฌ chcheese
w ວ, ຫວ ว, หว ว, หว v, wway
x[5] ຂ, ຄ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ khloch
ʔ ອ อ อ the catch in uh'-oh
Syllable-final consonants
j ຍ, ຽ ย ย y, itoy
k[6] ກ ก, ข, ค, ฆ ก, ข, ค, ฆ ktractor
m ມ ม ม mdam
n ນ ญ, ณ, น,
ร, ล, ฬ
ญ, ณ, น,
ร, ล, ฬ
ne, npin
ŋ ງ ง ง ngsing
p[6] ບ บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ papt
t[6] ດ จ, ช, ซ, ฎ,
ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ,
ด, ต, ถ, ท,
ธ, ศ ,ษ ,ส
จ, ช, ซ, ฎ,
ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ,
ด, ต, ถ, ท,
ธ, ศ ,ษ ,ส
tcatnip
w ວ ว ว w, odown
ʔ[6] ະ ะ, – ะ, – flat (Cockney)
 
Tones[7]
IPADescription
āː Mid [aː˧]
àː Low [aː˨˩] or [aː˩]
âː Falling [aː˦˩] or [aː˥˨]
a᷆ː or ȁː Mid-fall [aː˧˩]
áː High [aː˦˥] or [aː˥]
ǎː Rising [aː˨˩˦] or [aː˨˦]
Vowels
IPALao[8]Isan/PhuanTransliterationEnglish approximation
Short monophthongs[9]
a ◌ະ, ◌ັ◌ ◌, ◌ะ, ◌ั◌ abetween fat and father (short)
e ເ◌ະ, ເ◌ັ◌ เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ emate
ɛ ແ◌ະ, ແ◌ັ◌ แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ e, aebet
i ◌ິ, ◌ິ◌ ◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ ihappy
o ໂ◌ະ, ◌ົ◌ โ◌ะ, ◌◌ ostory
ɔ ເ◌າະ, ◌ັອ◌ เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ ooff
u ◌ຸ, ◌ຸ◌ ◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ ou, ucool
ɯ ◌ຶ, ◌ຶ◌ ◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ u, uecould (weak sound)
ɤ ເ◌ິ[10], ເ◌ິ◌ เ◌อะ eu, oethe
Long monophthongs
aː ◌າ, ◌າ◌ ◌า, ◌า◌ abra
eː ເ◌, ເ◌◌ เ◌, เ◌◌ eplay
ɛː ແ◌, ແ◌◌ แ◌, แ◌◌ e, aefairy
iː ◌ີ, ◌ີ◌ ◌ี, ◌ี◌ igreen
oː ໂ◌, ໂ◌◌ โ◌, โ◌◌ ogo
ɔː ◌ໍ, ◌ອ◌ ◌, ◌อ, ◌อ◌ odog (long)
uː ◌ູ, ◌ູ◌ ◌ู, ◌ู◌ ou, ucool
ɯː ◌ື, ◌ື◌ ◌ือ, ◌ื◌ u, uecool, but with the lips unrounded
ɤː ເ◌ີ, ເ◌ີ◌ เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ eu, oefur
Diphthongs
ia ເ◌ຍ, ◌ຽ◌ เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ iaidea
ua ◌ົວ, ◌ວ◌ ◌ัว, ◌ว◌ oua, uatruant elided into a single syllable
ɯa ເ◌ືອ, ເ◌ືອ◌ เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ ua, ueaNo English equivalent
Vowels + syllable-final /j, w/ and triphthongs
aj ໃ◌, ໄ◌ ◌ัย, ใ◌, ไ◌ aisight
aw ເ◌ົາ เ◌า aohouse
ew ເ◌ວ, ເ◌ັວ เ◌ว, เ◌็ว eoNo English equivalent
ɛw ແ◌ວ, ແ◌ັວ แ◌ว, แ◌็ว ew, aeoNo English equivalent
iw ◌ິວ ◌ิว iou, ioduty
ɔj ◌ອຍ, ◌ັອຍ ◌อย, ◌็อย oy, oichoice (American, Northern England)
uj ◌ຸຍ ◌ุย oui, uiGruyère
aːj ◌າຍ ◌าย ay, aimind
aːw ◌າວ ◌าว aocow
eːw ເ◌ວ เ◌ว eoNo English equivalent
ɛːw ແ◌ວ แ◌ว eo, aeocow (Australian)
oːj ໂ◌ຍ โ◌ย oy, oiboy (RP, Australian, NZ)
ɔːj ◌ອຍ ◌อย oy, oitoy, but longer
uːj ◌ູຍ ◌ูย ouy, uibooyah
ɤːj ເ◌ີຍ เ◌ย euy, oeimillefeuille (British)
iaw ◌ຽວ เ◌ียว iaomeow
uaj ◌ວຍ ◌วย ouai, uaiUruguay
ɯaj ເ◌ືອຍ เ◌ือย euai, ueaiNo English equivalent
 
Other Symbols
IPADescription
. Syllable break

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Usually, written in Thai script.
  2. ↑ Various of transliteration system sush as BGN/PCGN used in Laos and the Royal Society (Royal Institute) used in Thailand.
  3. ↑ Not present in Central and Southern Thai.
  4. 1 2 Only loan word from Central and Southern Thai.
  5. ↑ [x] is allophone of /kʰ/ in northern Lao dialect.
  6. 1 2 3 4 In syllable-final position, /p, t, k, ʔ/ have no audible release: [p̚, t̚, k̚, ʔ̚].
  7. ↑ In contrast to Pinyin romanization for Mandarin, Thai romanization uses diacritics in the same way as the IPA.
  8. ↑ Diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".
  9. ↑ In Isan, Phuan and Lao, the signs ◌ะ and ◌ະ are respectively used to indicate a glottal stop after the vowel.
  10. ↑ The vowel "ເ◌ິ" is a modern vowel form.

See also

[edit]