Zophobas
| Zophobas | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Zophobas atratus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Family: | Tenebrionidae |
| Tribe: | Tenebrionini |
| Genus: | Zophobas Blanchard, 1845 |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Zophobas is a genus of beetles in the family Tenebrionidae, the darkling beetles.[1][2] They occur in the Americas, from the Neotropics into southernmost United States.[2] In Cuba beetles of this genus are known as blind click-beetles.[3]
Perhaps the best known species is Zophobas morio, synonymously known as Zophobas atratus, a beetle whose larvae are robust mealworms sold as food for pets[4] such as lizards. The larvae are known commonly as "superworms".[5] Superworms should not be confused with darkling beetle mealworms sprayed with juvenile hormone.[6] Studies have found that in the wild the larvae sometimes live in bat guano, and they tend to cannibalize the pupae of their own species.[7] Researchers have discovered that the larvae can subsist on a diet solely of polystyrene (Styrofoam).[8]
Species
[edit]The following species are assigned to this genus:
- Zophobas atratus (Fabricius, 1775)
- Zophobas costatus Pic, 1921
- Zophobas diversicolor Pic, 1921
- Zophobas erosicollis Kraatz, 1880
- Zophobas klingelhoefferi Kraatz, 1880
- Zophobas macretus Kraatz, 1880
- Zophobas maculicollis Kirsch, 1866
- Zophobas opacus (Sahlberg, 1823)
- Zophobas quadrinotatus Kraatz, 1880
- Zophobas quadripustulatus Fabricius, 1801
- Zophobas signatus Champion, 1885
- Zophobas tridentatus Kraatz, 1880
References
[edit]- ↑ "Zophobas Blanchard, 1845". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- 1 2 "Genus Zophobas". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ↑ Garrido, O. H. and E. Gutierrez. (1994). Variability of Zophobas rugipes Kirsch (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninii) in Cuba. Insecta Mundi. 8(3-4). Paper 284.
- ↑ Rumbos, C I; Athanassiou, C G (1 March 2021). "The superworm, Zophobas morio (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae): A 'Sleeping Giant' in nutrient sources". Journal of Insect Science. 21 (2). doi:10.1093/jisesa/ieab014. eISSN 1536-2442. PMC 8033247. PMID 33834209.
- ↑ Darkling Beetle and Larva, Zophobas morio. Archived 2016-12-25 at the Wayback Machine Cambridge Butterfly Conservatory.
- ↑ Ichikawa, Toshio; Sakamoto, Hirofumi (2013). "A third type of defensive behavior in the tenebrionid beetle Zophobas atratus pupae". Journal of Insect Science. 13 (33): 1–12. doi:10.1673/031.013.3301. PMC 3735109.
- ↑ Tschinkel, Walter R. (1981). "Larval dispersal and cannibalism in a natural population of Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)". Animal Behaviour. 29 (4): 990–996. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(81)80052-8.
- ↑ Yang, Yu; Wang, Jialei; Xia, Mengli (2020). "Biodegradation and mineralization of polystyrene by plastic-eating superworms Zophobas atratus". Science of the Total Environment. 708 135233. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135233.