Prunus cerasoides
| Prunus cerasoides | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Wild Himalayan cherry in Thailand. | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Prunus |
| Subgenus: | Prunus subg. Cerasus |
| Species: | P. cerasoides |
| Binomial name | |
| Prunus cerasoides | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
List
| |
Prunus cerasoides, commonly known as the wild Himalayan cherry, sour cherry[3] or pahhiya is a species of deciduous cherry tree in the family Rosaceae.
Its range includes parts of East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Its center of diversity lies in the Eastern Himalayas, which extends west into the Western Himalayas and south towards the tropical highlands of mainland Southeast Asia.[4][5] In India the tree is widely revered in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. The tree is found in temperate forest from 1,200 to 2,400 metres (4,000 to 8,000 ft) in elevation and extends to tropical highlands of Southeast Asia.[6][4]
Description
[edit]Prunus cerasoides is a tree which grows up to 30 m (100 ft) in height. It has glossy, ringed bark. When the tree is not in flower, it is characterised by glossy, ringed bark and long, dentate stipules.[citation needed]
The tree flowers twice a year, during autumn and spring. First flowering blooms between the months of January to April and second flowering blooms between September and November.[7] Flowers are hermaphroditic and are pinkish white in color. It has ovoid yellow fruit that turns red as it ripens.[citation needed]
Distribution
[edit]Prunus cerasoides is native to south-western China, Myanmar, northern Thailand, Laos, extending westward towards the Himalayas in India, Nepal in both temperate zones and tropical highlands.[6][4] The species is not native to areas further west of India, where other Prunus species begin to dominate.[8][4]
A 2022 study on implications for planning forest restoration in tropical and subtropical Asia noted Prunus cerasoides as one of the four suitable trees for forest restoration in both island and mainland Southeast Asia.[4]
Cultivation
[edit]Prunus cerasoides thrives in well-drained and moisture-retentive loamy soil, in an open, sunny, and sheltered location.[citation needed]
P. cerasoides, like most members of the genus Prunus, is shallow rooted and is likely to produce suckers if the root is damaged. It is likely to become chlorotic if too much lime is present. It is known to be susceptible to honey fungus.[citation needed]
The seed requires two to three months cold stratification and is best sown in a cold frame as early in winter as possible. The seed grows rather slowly and can sometimes take about 18 months to germinate depending on the conditions.[citation needed]
Culture
[edit]In India, Prunus cerasoides is known in Hindi as padam, pajja, pahhiya or padmakashtha has cultural and religious significance.[9][10] Among Hindus in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, it is considered sacred and associated with Vishnu and Shiva.[11][12][13] During Maha Shivaratri, the leaves are used to make a wreath with wild citrus fruits, which is hung at the prayer altar. They are also seen in Kodaikanal in south India.[14]
In Hindi and Sanskrit it is known as padma, padmakh, pajja, pahhiya, padmakashtha, charu, hima, kaidra, padmagandi. In Nepali it is known as paiyu. In Khasi and Mizo languages it is known as dieng kaditusoo and tlaizawng.[15]
Prunus cerasoides cherry blossom festivals are held in India during the months of October–November.[16] Shillong is notable for its annual prunus cerasoides cherry blossom festival held during the month of November.[17][18]
Religious Significance in Uttarakhand
The tree is referred to as "पंय्यां" in the Himalayan State of Uttarakhand, India, and is regarded as a holy tree by various groups in both the Garhwal and Kumaon region. The tree is also worshipped exclusively by shilpkars or doms in certain regions of the state.
Cerasoides is among the few trees in the region that remain blooming at the height of winters during, December and January and hence is worshipped for its resilience. The tree is traditionally never chopped down in Uttarakhand because of it religious significance, only branches can be cut if there arises a requirement of its leaves, flowers or wood.
The Cerasoides is regarded as the tree of the gods in Uttarakhand. Acharya Manu notes "when all the trees drop their leaves during the harsh winter season, flowers grow in the leaves of the tree." The use of its wood in the wedding hall symbolizes strength and happiness in the new life of the bride and groom.[citation needed]
Its stalk is also used one way or another in Yajnopaveet, Jagar and Baisi. Among the instruments played in religious programs, Lukudi made of wood of Paiyan tree is considered to be the most sacred. Apart from this, the garlands used in homes during the house warming yajns, yagyopaveet etc. are also made from paiyan leaves.
The leaves are also used as incense.[19][20] Village weddings are considered incomplete without having been decorated with the branches and leaves from the tree. Among the instruments played in religious ceremonies, lukudi made from the wood of pahhiya tree is considered to be the most sacred.[11]
Uses
[edit]Food
[edit]- Fruit — 15mm in diameter, the fruit can be eaten raw or cooked.
- Gum — Gum is chewed and obtained from the trunk. It can be employed as a substitute for gum tragacanth.
- Seed — It can be eaten raw or cooked.
Other uses
[edit]The fruits and the leaves give a dark green dye. Seeds can be used in the manufacture of necklaces.
The wood is hard, strong, durable and aromatic, and branches are used as walking sticks.
References
[edit]- ↑ Rhodes, L.; Pollard, R.P.; Maxted, N. (2016). "Cerasus cerasoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T50026860A50670270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T50026860A50670270.en. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
- 1 2 "Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 April 2026.
- ↑ "Prunus cerasoides". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Tiansawat, Pimonrat; Elliott, Stephen D.; Wangpakapattanawong, Prasit (2022). "Climate Niche Modelling for Mapping Potential Distributions of Four Framework Tree Species: Implications for Planning Forest Restoration in Tropical and Subtropical Asia". Forests. 13 (7). MDPI: 993. Bibcode:2022Fore...13..993T. doi:10.3390/f13070993.
- ↑ Ali, Liaqat; Shaheen, Farzana (2013). "Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a New Triterpenoid from Prunus cerasoides D. Don" (PDF). Records of Natural Products. 7 (2): 80–85. Retrieved 2026-07-27.
Its range extends in the Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh in India to southwest China and Burma.
- 1 2 "Prunus cerasoides - Useful Tropical Plants". tropical.theferns.info.
- ↑ Kurniawan, V (16 May 2021). "Phenology and morphological flower of Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 948 (1): 8. Bibcode:2021E&ES..948a2047K. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012047. S2CID 245259406.
- ↑ Gilani, Syed (2021). "A molecular phylogeny of selected species of Genus Prunus L. (Rosaceae) from Pakistan using the TRN-L & TRN-F spacer DNA" (PDF). International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine. 5 (2): 24–27. Retrieved 2026-04-21.
- ↑ "Prunus cerasoides". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- 1 2 Tree, Kafal (2020-12-23). "पैयाँ की टहनियों बिना पहाड़ियों की शादी का मंडप अधूरा रहता है". Kafal Tree. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ↑ Trees In Indian Art Mythology And Folklore, Bansi Lal Malla (2000), p.56
- ↑ Joseph, Nino. "Prunus cerasoides D. Don: A Review on Its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology". researchgate. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
- ↑ "Painting Kodaikanal pink in spring". Maverickbird. 17 January 2020.
- ↑ Banerjee, Ananda (11 November 2016). "Cherry blossom festival". Livemint. Retrieved 12 Nov 2016.
- ↑ Kamei, Precious (30 October 2018). "Shillong Cherry Blossom Festival". outlookindia. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
- ↑ Shahani, Shradha (2 November 2018). "Cherry blossom festival takes place this month". cntraveller. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ↑ Verma, Shruti (13 February 2018). "Celebrating Shivratri the Pahari style". himvani.com. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ↑ Jishtu, Vaneet (6 December 2016). "Padmakh (Pajja) – An Amazing Native Autumn Flowering Tree From Shimla Hills". hillpost.in. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
External links
[edit]
- "Prunus cerasoides". Plants for a Future.
- Ali, Liaqat; Shaheen, Farzana (2013-03-15). "Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a New Triterpenoid from Prunus cerasoides D. Don" (PDF). Records of Natural Products. 7 (2). Academy of Chemistry of Globe Publications: 80–85. ISSN 1307-6167. Retrieved 2026-04-21.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Chandel, V.; Rana, T.; Hallan, V.; Zaidi, A. A. (2007). "Wild Himalayan Cherry (Prunus cerasoides) as a natural host of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus in India". Plant Disease. 91 (12): 1686. Bibcode:2007PlDis..91.1686C. doi:10.1094/PDIS-91-12-1686C. PMID 30780621.