Cloudflare fetched the original article and streamed it through HTMLRewriter to apply an entirely new visual system without rebuilding the source page.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Greek in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
12Ancient Greek had geminate consonants, pronounced longer than single ones, which may be transcribed by a double consonant letter ⟨ss⟩ or the length symbol ⟨sː⟩. Modern Standard Greek does not have geminate consonants, but some nonstandard dialects do.
12345678In Modern Greek, ⟨κ; γκ, γγ; γ; χ⟩ are pronounced as palatal [c,ɟ,ʝ,ç] before the front vowels [ei], and velar [k,ɡ,ɣ,x] in other cases.
1234⟨ζ⟩ represented the cluster [zd] in Classical Attic, but it represents [z] in Modern Greek. In both Ancient and Modern Greek, ⟨σ⟩ is pronounced as voiced [z] before a voiced consonant.
123In Ancient Greek, a diphthong before a vowel was realised as a vowel and a double semivowel sequence: [jj,ww].
1234In Modern Greek, ⟨μπ, ντ, γκ, γγ⟩ are pronounced as prenasalised voiced stops [mb,nd,ɲɟ,ŋɡ] or voiced stops without nasalisation [b,d,ɟ,ɡ].
123In Modern Greek, ⟨υ⟩, in ⟨αυ ευ ηυ⟩, is pronounced as [f] before a voiceless consonant or at the end of the word and [v] otherwise. In Ancient Greek, ⟨αυ ευ ηυ⟩ were diphthongs [au̯eu̯ɛːu̯].
↑The rough breathing ⟨῾⟩ represented [h] before a vowel, and the smooth breathing ⟨᾿⟩ represented the absence of [h].
↑In Modern Greek, it is typically a tap [ɾ̠], but may be an alveolar approximant[ɹ] between vowels, like English r, and is usually a trill[r] in clusters, trilled r like in Spanish, with two or three short cycles (Arvaniti 2007:15).
12345678910In Modern Greek, ⟨η, ῃ, ει, ι, οι, υ, υι⟩ all represent [i], but they were pronounced [ɛː,ɛːi̯,eː,ei̯,i(ː)oi̯,y(ː),yi̯] in Ancient Greek. The large number of vowel mergers into [i] is called iotacism.
1234In Modern Greek, ⟨ε, αι⟩ represent [e], and ⟨ο, ω⟩ represent [o]. In Ancient Greek, ⟨ε, ο⟩ represented [e,o], ⟨ω⟩ represented [ɔː] and ⟨αι⟩ represented the diphthong[ai̯].
↑In archaic and some dialectal Greek ⟨ει⟩ represented the true diphthong [ei̯] but in inter alia Attic Greek, [ei̯] and [eː] later merged into the latter hence ⟨ει⟩ is a spurious diphthong, i.e. it actually represents the monophthong [eː].
123In early Ancient Greek, ⟨ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ⟩ were diphthongs, but the second element [i̯] was lost soon after the Classical period, and they merged with ⟨ᾱ, η, ω⟩.
↑The symbols used here for Ancient Greek pitch accent must be added as combining characters in some cases. Place the numeric character reference after the letter that on which the accent is to be put, press "Show preview" and copy the resulting accented character. ́ is the numeric character reference for combining acute tone mark (high tone), ̌ for combining caron (rising tone), ̂ for combining circumflex (falling tone).
