Theridula
| Theridula | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Female Theridula gonygaster from Okinawa | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Theridiidae |
| Genus: | Theridula Emerton, 1882 |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Diversity | |
| 19 species | |
Theridula is a genus of cobweb spiders, found in many (mostly tropical) parts of the world. Species vary in size from 1 to 3.5 mm in length.[1]
In females, the abdomen is wider than long, with a hump or horn on each side, and sometimes a posterior median horn.[2][3] The pedipalp in males is simple, lacking a conductor or theridioid tegular apophysis.[4][5]
Theridula spiders are frequently found on bushes or tall grass where they rest on the undersides of leaves near their webs.
Species
[edit]- Theridula albonigra Caporiacco, 1949 (Kenya)
- Theridula albonigra vittata Caporiacco, 1949 (Kenya)
- Theridula angula Tikader, 1970 (India)
- Theridula casas Levi, 1954 (Mexico)
- Theridula emertoni Levi, 1954 (USA, Canada)
- Theridula faceta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) (Mexico, Guatemala)
- Theridula gonygaster (Simon, 1873) (Cosmopolitan)
- Theridula huberti Benoit, 1977 (St. Helena)
- Theridula iriomotensis Yoshida, 2001 (Japan)
- Theridula multiguttata Keyserling, 1896 (Brazil)
- Theridula nigerrima (Petrunkevitch, 1911) (Ecuador, Peru)
- Theridula opulenta (Walckenaer, 1842) (Cosmopolitan)
- Theridula perlata Simon, 1889 (Madagascar)
- Theridula puebla Levi, 1954 (Mexico, Panama)
- Theridula pulchra Berland, 1920 (East Africa)
- Theridula sexpupillata Mello-Leitão, 1941 (Brazil)
- Theridula swatiae Biswas, Saha & Raychaydhuri, 1997 (India)
- Theridula theriella Strand, 1907 (Madagascar)
- Theridula zhangmuensis Hu, 2001 (China)
References
[edit]
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- ↑ Levi, Herbert W. (October 1954). "The Spider Genus Theridula in North and Central America and the West Indies (Araneae: Theridiidae)". Transcriptions of American Microscopical Society. 73 (4). American Microscopical Society: 331–343. doi:10.2307/3223578. JSTOR 3223578.
- ↑ Comstock, John Henry (1975) [First published 1912]. The Spider Book. Cornell University Press. pp. 354–355.
- ↑ Archer, Allan F. (1946). "The Theridiidae or Comb-footed Spiders of Alabama". Museum Papers of the Alabama Museum of Natural History (22): 31.
- ↑ Levi, Herbert W. (1966). "American Spider Genera Theridula and Paratheridula (Araneae: Theridiidae)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 73 (2): 123–130. doi:10.1155/1966/12793.
- ↑ Agnarsson, Ingi; Jonathan A. Coddington; Barbara Knoflach (2007). "Morphology and Evolution of Cobweb Spider Male Genitalia (Araneae, Theridiidae)". The Journal of Arachnology. 35 (2): 334–395. doi:10.1636/SH-06-36.1. S2CID 43502439.
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