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Talk:Noakhali riots

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One sided partisan tone

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The article narrates only onesided information from partisan sources.Please improve the tone with accuracy & objectivity.Al-minar (talk) 04:25, 12 June 2010 (UTC)Reply

It seems that the article is deliberately twisted to propagate communal hatred. The style is also propaganda oriented. It seriously requires improvement.Murad67 (talk) 08:05, 30 June 2010 (UTC)Reply
The article apparently has one intention-to spread communalism. For doing that it is belittling the Bengali muslims in an unacceptable manner.Naved77 (talk) 17:41, 13 June 2011 (UTC)Reply
Obviously because there is nothing positive about Bangladeshi Muslims .(talk)
Ravigtm is a fine example of an Indian Hindu 38.125.102.89 (talk) 06:28, 1 November 2014 (UTC)Reply

Orphaned references in Noakhali genocide

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I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Noakhali genocide's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Das":

  • From Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Suranjan Das (2000). "The 1992 Calcutta Riot in Historical Continuum: A Relapse into 'Communal Fury'?". Modern Asian Studies. 34 (2). Cambridge University Press: 281–306. doi:10.1017/S0026749X0000336X. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • From Direct Action Day: Das, Suranjan (2000). "The 1992 Calcutta Riot in Historical Continuum: A Relapse into 'Communal Fury'?". Modern Asian Studies. 34 (2). Cambridge University Press: 281–306. doi:10.1017/S0026749X0000336X. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, |quotes=, and |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT 08:49, 1 July 2010 (UTC)Reply

Unclear disputes

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It is not clear what exactly is the dispute in the section 'The onslaught'. The section has been tagged as POV, but it hasn't been clearly mentioned what exactly is the POV. Therefore is there is no point in tagging the section as POV. I am removing the POV tag. BengaliHindu (talk) 16:27, 21 July 2011 (UTC)Reply

I am removing the 'unbalanced' tag, as it hasn't been clearly specified how exactly the article has an unbalanced viewpoint. Proper citations have been provided in most of the places. BengaliHindu (talk) 16:05, 30 July 2011 (UTC)Reply
Brother ! A citation from a heavily biased source definitely curtails the objectivity and balance of any write-ups. So please don't quote the references of the dubious citations.Thank youAl-minar (talk) 10:24, 9 November 2011 (UTC)Reply
Brother, once again it is not clear what exactly are those 'heavily biased' sources and what exactly are the parameters of determining biasness. One Kamrul Ahsan Khosru deleted all references from Time Magazine, Yasmin Khan's book and Dinesh Chandra Sinha's book. Do you call them biased? BengaliHindu (talk) 14:02, 14 November 2011 (UTC)Reply

NPOV issues

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This article is suffering from heavy POV issues, presenting only a single side as victims while actually both sides were rioting and inflicting similar kind of damage to each other. All views should be included in the article and it should strictly follow WP:NPOV. Please leave me a talk page when you fix the issues or discuss here (do not simply remove the tags). --lTopGunl (talk) 10:16, 17 June 2012 (UTC) This is one sided view of hindus while the fact is that mostly muslims were killed by heavily armed hindus. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.148.88.173 (talk) 16:50, 17 June 2012 (UTC)Reply

Report on Gandhi's statement should be removed

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The facts from the report should be included in the article, mentioning the report itself in citation. BengaliHindu (talk) 05:34, 14 October 2012 (UTC)Reply

Text insertions etc.

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Hello All, Apologies but not too familiar with correcting text or reverting to earlier edits and too little free time to learn... Intro seems to have various scraps of text inserted which need cleaning up. Regards Muleiolenimi (talk) 22:09, 25 December 2012 (UTC)Reply

Please, maintain neutrality

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Greetings! The fact of Noakhali genocide is regretted but the tone of the article is one sided and expressed views are towards a particular religion. Bengali Muslims are portrayed in an unusual matter. I request to all the editors to maintain neutrality of the article according to WP:NPOV. Thanks, NickAang 04:55, 26 December 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nickaang (talkcontribs)

There is no need for explicit citation within the infobox template because it is covered in the article itself. Private armies like Miyar Fauz' (literally meaning Miya's i.e. Ghulam Sarwar's army), Kasemer Fauz (literally meaning Kasem's army) and Akbarer Fauz (literally meaning Akbar's army) took active part in the genocide. You should at least read the article thoroughly before putting 'citation needed' tags. Wikipedia articles consists of facts and not one's own opinion. This incident of genocide has been described, citing proper references. There is no bias towards any specific religion. BengaliHindu (talk) 07:24, 31 December 2012 (UTC)Reply

Debabar (talk) 20:45, 27 March 2013 (UTC)Why is there a talk of a need for neutrality? All the facts mentioned in the article are supported by references.Debabar (talk) 20:45, 27 March 2013 (UTC)Reply

Forced conversion and rape claims are only myths which need to be cited or else removed

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A lot of claims were put on forced conversions and rapes without any citation . Please remove the uncited material. Even the cited references are from highly biased partisan sources. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aliabbas aa (talkcontribs) 17:11, 10 February 2013 (UTC)Reply

There were a lot of citations which you chose to ignore. Behave yourself. BengaliHindu (talk) 14:34, 11 February 2013 (UTC)Reply

Requested move

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The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved. (non-admin closure) Apteva (talk) 21:40, 29 June 2013 (UTC)Reply


Noakhali genocideNoakhali riots – Per WP:UCN GBooks for the current title only has 53 hits The common name appears to be the suggested title which has 731 hits Darkness Shines (talk) 21:30, 22 June 2013 (UTC)Reply

Historian Dinesh Chandra Sinha, who has done extensive research on the subject has termed in Noakhali genocide. Apart from that, as per the Genocide Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: (a) killing members of the group; (b) causing serious bodily harm or mental harm to members of the group; (c) deliberately inflicting on the group, conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. According to this definition the incidents in Noakhali constitute a genocide. So there is no need to move. BengaliHindu (talk) 17:21, 23 June 2013 (UTC)Reply
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Unsourced removed

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I removed a great deal of uncited pap from the article which was for reasons unknown reverted back in, I have removed it again, please do not restore it until citations are found. Darkness Shines (talk) 18:58, 16 September 2013 (UTC)Reply

Yes there were some uncited text. You could have marked them as citation needed. Instead you chose to remove them unilaterally. In the process you have removed a some texts which had citations. Might I ask, why? BengaliHindu (talk) 03:29, 17 September 2013 (UTC)Reply

Already there is so much of communal thing going on and then on top of it this article which so full of myths and literally no authentic sources just some absurd things in many cases it doesn't even exist i don't know i ask the fellow members to please enlighten that how can this be taken to a dispute level . I.areeb (talk) 10:26, 26 February 2016 (UTC)Reply

@I.areeb: Thanks for posting to this talk page. Please specify what sources you object to instead of stripping things out of the article that do have references. Yngvadottir (talk) 11:09, 26 February 2016 (UTC)Reply

Great wall of Inaccuracies----If you try to change some moderates jump in to cover up the false made up stories from unknown or way too inauthentic sources.

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what i fail to understand is that there is no book The Great Calcutta Killings and Noakhali Genocide. Kolkata: Himangshu Maity. give me one pdf or preserve document or any way I can purchase it or view it it doesn't exists and the page says jizya was imposed there using that book as the source source number 5 the very 1st source has a missing title any random source is just given for the sake of it then what makes me laugh is this just copy the next line, come to the main riots page do control f and do control v and hit enter He explained the rape and molestation of Hindu women as natural because they were more attractive than Muslim women this is extremely sensitive and then nonsense as this to be on such a website of high repute

just a page made of weak sources look at the source 13 and 14 no where in the world i guess you can find these books just any thing Jump up ^ Mukherjee, Kali Prasanna (2003). দেশ বিভাজনের অন্তরালে [Behind The Partition Of The Country] (in Bengali). Kolkata: Vivekananda Sahitya Kendra. p. 37. Jump up ^ Whitehead, Andrew (20 May 1997). "Noakhali's Darkest Hour". Indian Express. I.areeb (talk) 12:01, 26 February 2016 (UTC)Reply

@I.areeb and Oldnewland: 1946: The Great Calcutta Killings is listed here by a US-based library database service. Or click on the ISBN in the reference and that will give you a choice of places to look it up. The same is true of all the books with an ISBN listed - click on it. (This is why we are encouraged to give an ISBN, to give the reader the best possible chance of finding the book if they want to; I spent some time today adding ISBNs for just that reason.) I was unable to find the Mukherjee book; hopefully someone with access to library listings in Bengali can find it and add an ISBN. Here's the Indian Express article on HinduNet, which is not a good place to cite it from; however, the article clearly was published, it was cited in a 1998 book, and the author lists it and many other articles here. It should be easy to find it in a hard copy archive of the newspaper's articles, and it may even be online but not well indexed by Google. (I tried WikiProject India's custom search of English-language newspapers, but with no luck).
There are a number of things in the article marked as needing a citation. And there's rather a lot of listing of people's names, and some repetition. But I disagree with you both on the whole about the sources; there are a lot of them, and many are books. Yngvadottir (talk) 14:31, 26 February 2016 (UTC)Reply

In agreement

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Thank you yngdavttr for helping me out

any ways dude this article is extremely weak on sources  Preceding unsigned comment added by Oldnewland (talkcontribs) 12:18, 26 February 2016 (UTC)Reply

reply

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Fine if you agree that there are things which need citation of which i am sure it is nearly impossible to find with AUTHENTICITY then why are you not letting them to be removed anything which isn't reliable shouldn't be there on wiki

i checked on the book The Great Calcutta Killings is listed here which you quoted that exists is no doubt by no renowned historian or sociologist. then why to quote it

Well even you know deep down that how well sources from hindu based websites are em not insulting hindu sources but they should then be backed by scholarly research work, published in unbiased publications and articles that are reliable which certainly isn't the case

Anyways what is the benefit of having an encyclopedia like wikipedia which should be neutral

I think it has also fell victim to biases and cooked up stories which certain humans have been doing in the past

Internet actually exponentiates this problem and the laymen won't understand to an extent I.areeb (talk) 15:54, 26 February 2016 (UTC)Reply

The death toll

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As per 18 November 1946, the government confirmed death toll was 131. The Governor of Bengal, Sir D Burrows, in his letter to Lord Pethick-Lawrence, wrote that : "Up to date the verified deaths by violence in the two districts combined for the period of the actual disturbances is 131 and I do not imagine that the figure will in any event exceed 200." Given that this was the head of State, and not an obviously partial figure, I think that this figure must be included. On the other hand, the '5000 dead' claim is fantastic and bizzare. It should be removed. 27.62.215.85 (talk) 16:04, 21 September 2022 (UTC)Reply

We give far more weight to scholarly sources than to government estimates. I don't have the Khan book to hand at this moment, but I seem to recall it does support that figure. I will check it later today. Vanamonde (Talk) 16:52, 21 September 2022 (UTC)Reply

Completely one sided and denying the fact

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This article stated that the Kolkata riots was false news. Fact remains Kolkata riots were the biggest riot in Indian history. 107.77.230.220 (talk) 20:32, 23 September 2023 (UTC)Reply

List of the riots

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List of the riots need to be added Dfsjlk1 (talk) 06:57, 8 September 2024 (UTC)Reply

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 19 September 2025

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Please add this sentence, "The Noakhali riots also saw the genocide of Bengali Hindus during which Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy tried to keep the news of the atrocities from the media and for either planning the massacre or failing to take action to stop it.[1]" to the lead. 49.205.132.45 (talk) 19:15, 19 September 2025 (UTC)Reply

 Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Day Creature (talk) 20:03, 19 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
@Day Creature: I have provided a source, please see.-49.205.132.45 (talk) 17:59, 21 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
 Not done: Your source does not appear to be a reliable one. Please see WP:RS for more information about what type of sources can be accepted. For a historical article like this one, the best sources are academic articles or books published by a reputable journal or university press. Day Creature (talk) 19:06, 21 September 2025 (UTC)Reply

References

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 21 September 2025

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In the summary table, please change, "Retaliation for earlier riots in Calcutta" to, "Retaliation for earlier riots in Calcutta during Direct Action Day - the source cited says so. 2409:40F2:B:7632:F8C4:98FF:FE97:B35A (talk) 17:53, 21 September 2025 (UTC)Reply

 Not done: I am going to remove the "Motive" parameter from the infobox altogether, because the source cited is not a high-quality reliable one, and there were multiple factors that led to the rioting (as detailed in the "Cause" section of the article). Day Creature (talk) 19:11, 21 September 2025 (UTC)Reply

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 22 September 2025

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In the section titled, "Cause", please change, "Some Muslims also viewed the violence as revenge for the massacre of Muslims in Calcutta during the preceding riots" to, "Some Muslims also viewed the violence as revenge for the massacre of Muslims in Calcutta during the preceding riots, initiated by the Muslim League" as the source says so 2409:40F2:2C:8906:D85F:9CFF:FEED:A7D (talk) 04:41, 22 September 2025 (UTC)Reply

In the previous sentence where the Muslim League is mentioned, please link the term Muslim League to the Muslim League (1947–1958) article.-2409:40F2:316:E1D0:F412:9FF:FE51:22D5 (talk) 05:20, 22 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
Wouldn't the correct link be All-India Muslim League? Day Creature (talk) 07:23, 22 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
@Day Creature: No, that is the present day Indian party which has nothing to do with the Noakhali of those days (or these days).-2409:40F2:101A:2D38:C75:41FF:FE64:E41A (talk) 08:42, 22 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
I believe the present-day Indian party is the Indian Union Muslim League. The All-India Muslim League was the party that existed in the Raj prior to partition, so it should be the correct article to link. I am going to make that change, and will leave the remainder of your edit request for other editors to review. Day Creature (talk) 18:25, 22 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
 Not done @2409:40F2:316:E1D0:F412:9FF:FE51:22D5: I can't read the source - can you provide a link, or at least the translated text and name of source? And where it says preceding riots, is that the same as the Direct Action Day riots? STEMinfo (talk) 22:37, 8 October 2025 (UTC)Reply

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 23 September 2025

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In the first sentence of the lead, it says it was perpetrated by Muslim mobs, please add this reference also (I have already formatted it): [1] - 2409:40F2:2006:5EAB:4C7E:68FF:FEAE:2D (talk) 04:09, 23 September 2025 (UTC)Reply

Jstor is a reliable source.-2409:40F2:13:2DAB:109B:E3FF:FEB4:D78B (talk) 15:50, 25 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
 Not done: The lead summarizes the body and should not have more citations than necessary. If there is a reason why this source is needed in the lead, or if the source could be used in some other way, please articulate that and reactivate your request. Perception312 ([[User talk:Perception31
I am just asking to add one more reliable source.-2409:40F2:217D:B4E5:4C87:E7FF:FEF2:7F2 (talk) 14:37, 12 October 2025 (UTC)2|talk]]) 13:27, 12 October 2025 (UTC)Reply

 Not done, not needed, especially a primary source. ~Anachronist (who / me) (talk) 05:43, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply

References

  1. Ghosh, Biswaroop (2011). "RELIGION AND POLITICS IN BENGAL: THE NOAKHALI CARNAGE 1946-47". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 72. Indian History Congress: 936–946. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44146785. Retrieved 2025-09-23.

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 25 September 2025

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In the Aftermath section, please add, "Many Bengali Hindus who lived in Noakhali fled to Calcutta in 1946 during the turbulent Great Calcutta Killings and the riots that followed, abandoning their possessions in what would soon be the new state of Pakistan. Considering Noakhali in the broader historical framework of rules pertaining to property settlement in East Pakistan and the introduction of passports from 1948 to 1956, the displaced Bengali Hindus' aspirations to return, despite the fact that many of them yearned for home, perished in the middle of the 1950s. Twenty-six letters between a Hindu landowner who fled Noakhali and his Muslim neighbor who stayed behind are preserved in a family archive. They show the Hindu's wish to return to Noakhali and his subsequent regret when this wish was never fulfilled. This dwindling optimism came at the same time that the East Pakistani government decided to use the East Bengal State Acquisitions and Tenancy Act of 1950 to seize the lands left by the displaced. The displaced Bengali Hindus' gradual acceptance of the (im)possibility of return is revealed via the themes of nostalgia, identity, property, and optimism.[1]"- 2409:40F2:2134:2C16:686F:F7FF:FEE2:62E8 (talk) 14:45, 25 September 2025 (UTC)Reply

Cambridge University Press is a reliable source.-2409:40F2:13:2DAB:109B:E3FF:FEB4:D78B (talk) 15:49, 25 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
 Not done: That's a really, really long quote. Wikipedia's job is to summarize content. Consider seeking consensus on the talk page for a summarized version. tony 01:59, 27 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
Day Creature, you are the only one responding on this talk page, so let me request you to shorten the above to, "Many Bengali Hindus who lived in Noakhali fled to Calcutta during the riots, abandoning their possessions and the East Pakistani government used the East Bengal State Acquisitions and Tenancy Act of 1950 to seize the lands left by the displaced." and add it to the, "Aftermath" section.-2409:40F2:101D:3A3C:D422:3DFF:FE37:6FC4 (talk) 07:32, 27 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
Day Creature, please also carry out all the edit requests above. Nobody else seems to be interested in looking at this talk page!-2409:40F2:101D:3A3C:D422:3DFF:FE37:6FC4 (talk) 07:37, 27 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
That's evidently not the case, as someone else already replied to you in this discussion. Your edit requests will be answered in due time; please be patient. Day Creature (talk) 09:20, 27 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
OK, I have shortened the sentence so that the next editor will not find it too long.-2409:40F2:1C:22E8:9852:87FF:FEB2:D0FE (talk) 10:10, 27 September 2025 (UTC)Reply
 Done: I'm getting the grip of this, so if other editors find an issue with the edit, please correct it! x2step (lets talk 💌) 07:46, 28 September 2025 (UTC)Reply

References

  1. Rahaman, Parvez (2024). "Jogendra's properties in Noakhali: Displacement and the death of hope". Modern Asian Studies. 58 (6). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 1608–1637. doi:10.1017/s0026749x24000489. ISSN 0026-749X.

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 12 October 2025

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In the section titled, "Cause", after the sentence, "Some Muslims also viewed the violence as revenge for the massacre of Muslims in Calcutta during the preceding riots", please add, "Muslim mobs attacked Hindus in retaliation for the Calcutta massacres, murdering 5,000 and uprooting thousands more during the Noakhali riots; Muslims were the ones who started the violence, but because they were a minority in Calcutta, they also suffered the most in Calcutta.[1]"- Baangla (talk) 04:44, 12 October 2025 (UTC)Reply

The section is about the cause of the events, not the events themselves, so Muslim mobs attacked Hindus in retaliation for the Calcutta massacres, murdering 5,000 and uprooting thousands more during the Noakhali riots seems misplaced here, especially since there is already the explanation that you quoted. The infobox currently has three sources that estimate the death toll to be 200–300, so 5,000 seems quite exceptional in comparison. Regarding Muslims were the ones who started the violence [in Calcutta], but because they were a minority in Calcutta, they also suffered the most in Calcutta. I don't see a clear connection to the Noakhali riots. Perception312 (talk) 21:56, 15 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
Anachronist, I think you have to help here. Many reliable sources online say that the death toll was 5000 (so does the source I provided). The Noakhali riots were in retaliation for the Direct Action Day but that (Direct Action Day) was also initiated by the Muslims which is why I asked to add the above (the source I provided mentions it).-Baangla (talk) 05:34, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
Why are you pinging me? I agree with Perception312. The first half of the requested addition is redundant and unnecessary, and the second half is about outcomes rather than causes, so it's out of scope for that section. Furthermore, introducing a contradiction seems counterproductive. Contradictions between sources would need to be discussed separately. ~Anachronist (who / me) (talk) 05:50, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
@Perception312: So, what do you propose?-Baangla (talk) 06:17, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
You said there are more reliable sources for the 5,000 figure. Can you provide them? Perception312 (talk) 14:09, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
I have deactivated the edit request template, as it is clear there is not yet consensus for this change. Please re-enable it if or when when consensus is reached. Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 09:47, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
@Perception312: These two are reliable sources for 5000 Hindus.[2][3]-Baangla (talk) 16:44, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
The very first reference I cited at the top of this section (by India Today) also mentioned 5000.-Baangla (talk) 17:01, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
Basu & Miroshnik 2023 looks like the best of the three sources. Perhaps the different death toll figures need to be discussed somewhere in the article. Perception312 (talk) 17:19, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
Vanamonde93, you did not provide any reliable sources for the death toll of Hindus above, so please add the reliable sources I have provided which Perception312 also agrees needs to be mentioned in this article.-Baangla (talk) 20:26, 16 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
Day Creature, please add the death toll to the article as per the sources I have provided.-Baangla (talk) 02:23, 17 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
Can you please explain why you are pinging me when I wasn't participating in this discussion? Rather than pinging random users and asking them to implement your edits, you should continue discussing things with the people who have responded and try to reach a consensus. Day Creature (talk) 07:06, 17 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
You have responded to many requests here for this article which is why I thought you may be interested.-Baangla (talk) 08:00, 17 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
After reading more about the matter, I conclude that around 200 is the official count[4] and the claim of 5000 is a widely circulated myth originating from a politician who made the claim soon after the riots.[5] I am deactivating the edit request, as there is not consensus for a specific change. Perception312 (talk) 20:15, 17 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
That was a lot of reading and scrolling through the history to find out why I was pinged. Tip for Baangla - if you ping someone, don't delete the text with the ping until they get to respond. Think it through before proceeding next time so you don't have to revise the request. STEMinfo (talk) 03:16, 22 October 2025 (UTC)Reply
  1. Sharma, Sandipan (2025-08-21). "The Real Bengal Files: From Calcutta Killings to Gandhi's Miracle". India Today. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
  2. Basu, Dipak; Miroshnik, Victoria W. (2023-01-09). How Pakistan Was Formed: The Economic Rationale for Partition. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-6669-1745-1. Retrieved 2025-10-16.
  3. Sharma, Sat (2021-01-26). Hindustan's Frailties. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-6641-0324-5. Retrieved 2025-10-16.
  4. Batabyal, Rakesh (2005). Communalism in Bengal: From Famine To Noakhali, 1943-47. SAGE. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-7619-3335-9.
  5. Hajari, Nisid (2015). Midnight's Furies : The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 54–55.