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Steven D. Gaines

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Steven D. Gaines is an American marine biologist based in California whose research focuses on fisheries, marine reserves, and marine ecology and conservation.

Education

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Gaines received his bachelor's degree in biology from University of California, Irvine, before attending Oregon State University for his PhD.[1][2] He received his PhD in 1983 under the guidance of Jane Lubchenco and Bruce Menge.[2] His dissertation focused on consumer resource interactions in both Oregon and Panama.[3]

Gaines then moved to Stanford University, where he was a postdoctoral scholar in the lab of Joan Roughgarden until 1987.[2][4] His research at Stanford focused on the importance of interspecific interactions and larval delivery in intertidal areas.[5][6]

Career and research

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Gaines joined the Brown University faculty in 1987, working there until 1994. He then started a faculty position at the University of California Santa Barbara.[2] In 1997 he became the director of UCSB's Marine Science Institute.[2] In 2010, he was appointed as the Dean of the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management at UCSB, and later was also a strategic advisor for the emLab at UCSB.[7] Before these positions, he also served as the Acting Vice Chancellor for Research and the Acting Dean of Science at UCSB.[8][2] He retired from roles as Dean and Distinguished Professor in 2025.[9]

In 2009, Gaines, along with many other marine ecologists, started the Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans with a $17.7 million grant,[10] studying the long-term health of nearshore environments on the US west coast. Gaines also co-founded the Santa Barbara Coastal LTER project, focusing on kelp forests.[2] He has published numerous articles on marine ecology and climate change, including the impacts of temperature on larval settlement and dispersal,[11] species range shifts,[12] and the impact of the environment on species interactions.[13] Gaines has advocated for increasing public awareness of the importance of the ocean in the fight against climate change,[14][15] as well as promoting better communication of ocean science.[16]

Marine reserves

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In 2003, Gaines was awarded a Pew Fellowship, allowing him to help implement the Marine Life Protection Act in California. This act established a statewide coastal marine network in the state.[17][18] He has also worked extensively to understand the ecological, social, and economic impacts of Marine Protected Areas,[18][14] advocating for the implementation and maintenance of protected areas across United States coastal areas.[19][20]

Fisheries management

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Gaines' research includes market based reforms to make fisheries management more sustainable,[21][22][23] including the role of aquaculture.[16][24][25] He has also focused much of his career on understanding the link between marine protected areas and fisheries health and sustainability. Most of this work focuses on the importance of strong networks of many small marine protected areas that can increase fisheries yield.[26][2] He, along with Chris Costello, founded the Sustainable Fisheries Group in 2006, which later provided the foundation for emLab. His work on fisheries has expanded to include the importance of improving fisheries management to offset the negative impacts of climate change.[27] This work was also named a top scientific contribution by the journal Nature in 2008.[21]

Awards and honors

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Gaines has served on editorial and advisory boards for many organizations, including Ecology and Ecological Monographs and the National Science Foundation.[1] In 2009 he was named an American Association for the Advancement of Science fellow.[28][29][21] That same year, he received the inaugural Marc J. Hershman Excellence in Mentoring Award from the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative.[30][31] He was awarded a Peter Benchley Ocean Award for Excellence in Science in 2014.[32] He has published over 300 scientific articles and 4 books in his career.[21]

References

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  1. 1 2 "Steve Gaines". UC Santa Barbara - Bren School of Environmental Science & Management. Archived from the original on May 18, 2026. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Bevan Series 2008—Steve Gaines". depts.washington.edu. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  3. ↑ "Challenge Bot Detection // ScholarsArchive@OSU". ir.library.oregonstate.edu. Archived from the original on December 5, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  4. ↑ "Joan Roughgarden". web.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on January 24, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  5. ↑ Gaines, Steven; Brown, Stephen; Roughgarden, Jonathan (1985). "Spatial Variation in Larval Concentrations as a Cause of Spatial Variation in Settlement for the Barnacle, Balanus glandula". Oecologia. 67 (2): 267–272. doi:10.1007/BF00384297. ISSN 0029-8549. JSTOR 4217726. PMID 28311322.
  6. ↑ Roughgarden, Jonathan; Gaines, Steven; Possingham, Hugh (September 16, 1988). "Recruitment Dynamics in Complex Life Cycles". Science. 241 (4872): 1460–1466. doi:10.1126/science.11538249. PMID 11538249. Archived from the original on January 30, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  7. ↑ "Steve Gaines | emLab". emlab.ucsb.edu. Archived from the original on December 12, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  8. ↑ "Our Team". Resources Legacy fund. Archived from the original on August 13, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  9. ↑ "Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Dean Steve Gaines | Office of the Chancellor". chancellor.ucsb.edu. Archived from the original on March 6, 2026. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  10. ↑ "Major $17 million grant to fund ocean research | Newsroom | Oregon State University". news.oregonstate.edu. August 3, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  11. ↑ O'Connor, Mary I.; Bruno, John F.; Gaines, Steven D.; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Lester, Sarah E.; Kinlan, Brian P.; Weiss, Jack M. (January 23, 2007). "Temperature control of larval dispersal and the implications for marine ecology, evolution, and conservation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (4): 1266–1271. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603422104. PMC 1764863. PMID 17213327.
  12. ↑ Fredston, Alexa; Pinsky, Malin; Selden, Rebecca L.; Szuwalski, Cody; Thorson, James T.; Gaines, Steven D.; Halpern, Benjamin S. (July 1, 2021). "Range edges of North American marine species are tracking temperature over decades". Global Change Biology. 27 (13): 3145–3156. doi:10.1111/gcb.15614. ISSN 1365-2486. PMID 33759274. Archived from the original on April 5, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  13. ↑ Liu, Owen R.; Gaines, Steven D. (September 6, 2022). "Environmental context dependency in species interactions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (36) e2118539119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2118539119. PMC 9457591. PMID 36037344.
  14. 1 2 "Renowned ecologists call for a new ocean narrative to spur new science and effective actions | College of Science | Oregon State University". science.oregonstate.edu. December 7, 2022. Archived from the original on November 1, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  15. ↑ Lubchenco, J.; Gaines, S. D. (2019). "Science". Science. 364 (6444): 911. doi:10.1126/science.aay2241. PMID 31171668. Archived from the original on October 14, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  16. 1 2 "Steve Gaines | Blue Climate Initiative". www.blueclimateinitiative.org. Archived from the original on April 12, 2026. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  17. ↑ "Steven D. Gaines, Ph.D." pew.org. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  18. 1 2 "Using Outcomes from Marine Protected Area Implementation to Infer Potential Socioeconomic Consequences of Offshore Energy Development to Commercial Fisheries | UCSB Marine Science Institute". msi.ucsb.edu. Archived from the original on July 9, 2026. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  19. ↑ Lester, Sarah E.; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Lubchenco, Jane; Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.; Gaines, Steven D.; Airamé, Satie; Warner, Robert R. (May 29, 2009). "Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 384. doi:10.3354/mep (inactive July 23, 2026). ISSN 1616-1599. Archived from the original on November 10, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2026 (link)
  20. ↑ Lubchenco, Jane; Palumbi, Stephen R.; Gaines, Steven D.; Andelman, Sandy (2003). "Plugging a Hole in the Ocean: The Emerging Science of Marine Reserves". Ecological Applications. 13 (1): S3–S7. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0003:PAHITO]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1051-0761. JSTOR 3099993. Archived from the original on February 7, 2026. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  21. 1 2 3 4 "Steve Gaines | Latin American Fisheries Fellowship Program". www.laff.bren.ucsb.edu. Archived from the original on December 17, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  22. ↑ "The Future of Food: The Rise of the Sea | Steve Gaines". tedxsantabarbara.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2026. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  23. ↑ Costello, Christopher; Gaines, Steven D.; Lynham, John (September 19, 2008). "Can Catch Shares Prevent Fisheries Collapse?". Science. 321 (5896): 1678–1681. doi:10.1126/science.1159478. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18801999. Archived from the original on June 29, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  24. ↑ Castillo, Liliana Sierra; Ferguson Irlanda, Caroline E.; Aceves-Bueno, Erendira; Froehlich, Halley E.; Mancilla, Cristina; Rivera, Antonella; Gaines, Steven D. (October 1, 2025). "Aquaculture isn't always the answer: rethinking blue transitions through justice and community experience". Global Environmental Change. 94 103046. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103046. ISSN 0959-3780.
  25. ↑ Zhao, Kangshun; Gaines, Steven D.; García Molinos, Jorge; Du, Juan; Wang, Hongxia; Zhang, Min; Xu, Jun (February 1, 2026). "Aquaculture coupled with trade is sustaining growth and improving stability in global aquatic food supply". Aquaculture. 613 743460. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743460. ISSN 0044-8486.
  26. ↑ Gaines, Steven D.; White, Crow; Carr, Mark H.; Palumbi, Stephen R. (October 26, 2010). "Designing marine reserve networks for both conservation and fisheries management". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (43): 18286–18293. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906473107. PMC 2972919. PMID 20200311.
  27. ↑ Gaines, Steven D.; Costello, Christopher; Owashi, Brandon; Mangin, Tracey; Bone, Jennifer; Molinos, Jorge García; Burden, Merrick; Dennis, Heather; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Kappel, Carrie V.; Kleisner, Kristin M.; Ovando, Daniel (August 29, 2018). "Improved fisheries management could offset many negative effects of climate change". Science Advances. 4 (8) eaao1378. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao1378. PMC 6114984. PMID 30167455.
  28. ↑ UCSB (December 17, 2009). "Seven UCSB Faculty Members Named AAAS Fellows". Noozhawk. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  29. ↑ "Elected Fellows | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)". American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Archived from the original on October 7, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  30. ↑ Staff, Indy (July 21, 2009). "More Than a Teacher". The Santa Barbara Independent. Archived from the original on February 19, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  31. ↑ UCSB (July 20, 2009). "UCSB Professor Wins National Mentoring Award". Noozhawk. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
  32. ↑ "Excellence in Science". peter benchley awards. Archived from the original on August 27, 2025. Retrieved July 23, 2026.
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