Paranaemia
| Paranaemia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| P. vittigera, Yolo County, California, 2020 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Family: | Coccinellidae |
| Subfamily: | Coccinellinae |
| Tribe: | Coccinellini |
| Genus: | Paranaemia Casey, 1899 |
| Species: | P. vittigera |
| Binomial name | |
| Paranaemia vittigera (Mannerheim, 1843) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Hippodamia vittigera Mannerheim, 1843 | |
Paranaemia is a genus of lady beetles in the subfamily Coccinellinae. There is one described species in Paranaemia, P. vittigera, the broad-striped lady beetle.[1][2][3] The broad-striped lady beetle is native to western North America.[4]
Taxonomy
[edit]First described by Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim in 1843, P. vittigera was considered within the genus Hippodamia.[5] Then in 1899, Thomas Lincoln Casey Jr. described the monobasic genus Paranaemia by contrasting P. vittigera's basally toothed claws with the bifid claws of Hippodamia specimens.[6] He named the species after its characteristic "vittae" which are the black stripes found on its elytra.
A more modern study using molecular analysis with 5 nuclear genes and 1 mitochondrial gene supports Casey's morphologically based hypothesis by placing Paranaemia in an entirely separate clade from Hippodamia.[7]
Description
[edit]Adults have an elongate, dorsoventrally flattened body that reaches a length of about 4.5-6.6 mm. They have elytra that can range from yellow to pink with three black vittae and a black head.[8][9] The pronotum matches the color of the elytra has two large triangular black spots.[9]
An adult's characteristic vittae can result in confusion with Hippodamia and Macronaemia specimens. However, they can be distinguished by their margined pronotal base.[8]
Habitat and distribution
[edit]Its habitat can range from plants near riverbanks, streams, and other wetlands to meadows, grasslands and among agricultural field crops.[10][11]
It has been recorded from Alberta to western Texas, west to British Columbia and California as well as the Mexican states of Michoacán and Guanajuato.[4][12] In addition to western North America, it has also been introduced to Hawai'i.[13]
Ecology and behavior
[edit]P. vittigera is omnivorous, feeding on plant matter as well as aphids and other soft-bodied insects.[9][10][14] However, it has been found in Mexico to be less voracious and a slower forager when compared to other nearby native lady beetle species such as Hippodamia convergens and Cycloneda sanguinea as well as invasive lady beetles like Harmonia axyridis.[14]
The adults are known to be parasitized by nematodes of the family Mermithidae and mites of the genus Coccipolipus.[12]
They are also known to show strong tendencies of monospecific aggregation.[15]
References
[edit]- ↑ "Paranaemia Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
- ↑ "Paranaemia". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
- ↑ "Paranaemia genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
- 1 2 "Species Paranaemia vittigera - Striped Lady Beetle". bugguide.net. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ↑ taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser Taxonomy Browser (Paranaemia vittigera)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2025-11-13.
- ↑ Leng, Charles W (1903). "A revision of the American Coccinellidae" (PDF). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 11: 35–45 – via Wikimedia.
- ↑ Tomaszewska, Wioletta; Escalona, Hermes E.; Hartley, Diana; Li, Jiahui; Wang, Xingmin; Li, Hao-Sen; Pang, Hong; Ślipiński, Adam; Zwick, Andreas (2021). "Phylogeny of true ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Coccinellini) reveals pervasive convergent evolution and a rapid Cenozoic radiation". Systematic Entomology. 46 (3): 611–631. Bibcode:2021SysEn..46..611T. doi:10.1111/syen.12479. ISSN 1365-3113.
- 1 2 Gordon, Robert D (1985). "The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America, north of Mexico" (PDF). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 93 (1): 1–912.
- 1 2 3 Gardiner, Mary (2015). Good Garden Bugs: Everything You Need to Know about Beneficial Predatory Insects. Quarry Books. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-59253-909-3.
- 1 2 "Striped Ladybug: A Complete Paranaemia Vittigera Guide!". bantam.earth. 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2025-11-13.
- ↑ "Lost Ladybug Project". www.lostladybug.org. Retrieved 2025-11-13.
- 1 2 Mendoza-Arroyo, W.; del-Val, E. (2024). "Ladybird predators in natural and agricultural landscapes in Mexico: diversity and parasitism". Arthropod-Plant Interactions. 18 (4): 741–751. Bibcode:2024APInt.tmp...56M. doi:10.1007/s11829-024-10075-4. ISSN 1872-8855.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bibcode (link) - ↑ Leeper, John R. (2015). "An Annotated Checklist of the Coccinellid (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Introductions and Establishments in Hawaii: 1885 to 2015". EVols. hdl:10524/48742.
- 1 2 Camacho-Cervantes, Morelia; Mendoza-Arroyo, Wendy; Arellano-Sánchez, Daniela; del-Val, Ek (2021-11-16). "Exotic predators are not better biocontrol agents: the harlequin ladybird is not the most voracious in Mexico". PeerJ. 9 e12503. Bibcode:2021PeerJ...912503C. doi:10.7717/peerj.12503. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 8603833. PMID 34820207.
- ↑ McMullen, R. D. (1967). "A Field Study of Diapause in Coccinella novemnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)". The Canadian Entomologist. 99 (1): 42–49. Bibcode:1967CaEnt..99...42M. doi:10.4039/Ent9942-1. ISSN 0008-347X.
Further reading
[edit]- Fürsch, Helmut (1990). "Valid genera and subgenera of Coccinellidae" (PDF). Coccinella. 2 (1): 7–18. ISSN 0935-8196.
- Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2007). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea - Cucujoidea. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-8788757675.