Neoplecostomus
| Neoplecostomus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Neoplecostomus sapucai | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Division: | Teleostei |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Subfamily: | Hypoptopomatinae |
| Genus: | Neoplecostomus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1888[1] |
| Type species | |
| Plecostomus microps Steindachner, 1877[1] | |
Neoplecostomus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the suckermouth armored catfishes, and the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae, the cascudinhos. The catfishes in this genus are found in South America.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]Neoplecostomus was first proposed as new subgenus of Plecostomus in 1888 by the German-American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann and his ichthyologist wife Rosa Smith Eigenmann with Plecostomus microps designated as its type species.[1] P. microps was originally described in 1877 by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner with its type locality given as Rio de Janeiro, maybe the Parahyba River.[3] This genus is sometimes placed in the subfamily Neoplecostominae[4] but Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes classifies this genus in the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae, the cascudinhos, within the suckermouth armored catfish family Loricariidae.[1]
Etymology
[edit]Neoplecostomus prefixes neo-, for "new" onto plecostomus, as this genus was proposed as a subgenus of Plecostomus, now known as Hypostomus and classified in the subfamily Hypostominae.[5]
Species
[edit]There are currently 21 recognized species in this genus:[3]
- Neoplecostomus altimontanus Uzeda, Paiola, Siqueira-Cesar, Okubo, Marques-Frisoni, B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2024
- Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012[6]
- Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012[6]
- Neoplecostomus canastra Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki & Oliveira, 2017
- Neoplecostomus corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
- Neoplecostomus doceensis Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, Zawadzki & C. de Oliveira, 2014[7]
- Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis Langeani, 1990
- Neoplecostomus franciscoensis Langeani, 1990
- Neoplecostomus granosus (Valenciennes, 1840)
- Neoplecostomus jaguari B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2014[8]
- Neoplecostomus langeanii Roxo, C. de Oliveira]& Zawadzki, 2012[6]
- Neoplecostomus microps (Steindachner, 1877)
- Neoplecostomus paranensis Langeani, 1990
- Neoplecostomus paraty Cherobim, Lazzarotto & Langeani, 2017[9]
- Neoplecostomus pirangaensis J. C. Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2019[10]
- Neoplecostomus ribeirensis Langeani, 1990
- Neoplecostomus sapucai Uzeda, Paiola, Siqueira-Cesar, Okubo, Marques-Frisoni B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2024
- Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
- Neoplecostomus variipictus Bizerril, 1995
- Neoplecostomus watersi G. S. C. Silva, Reia, Zawadzki & Roxo, 2019
- Neoplecostomus yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
Characteristics
[edit]Neoplecostomus catfishes can be distinguished from all other loricariids by a modified shield of small plates on the abdomen with posteriorly directed odontodes; the shield appears to act as a holdfast. The color pattern is generally mottled brown with the abdomen white. The head is long, rounded, and shovel-shaped. The fin spines are weak.[11] They range from about 8 to 11 cm (3.1–4.3 in) SL.[2]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Neoplecostomus catfishes are endemic to Brazil where they live in fast-flowing water.[11]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Hypoptopomatinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 5 May 2026.
- 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Neoplecostomus". FishBase. October 2016 version.
- 1 2 Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Neoplecostomus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 8 May 2026.
- ↑ Pereira, Edson H. Lopes (2005). "Resurrection of Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae), and description of a new species from the Rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 3 (2): 271–276. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000200004.
- ↑ Christopher Scharpf (28 February 2026). "Family LORICARIIDAE: Subfamily HYPOPTOPOMATINAE Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1890 (Cascudinhos)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 8 May 2026.
- 1 2 3 Roxo, F.F.; Oliveira, C.; Zawadzki, C.H. (2012). "Three new species of Neoplecostomus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Paraná basin of southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3233: 1–21. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3233.1.1.
- ↑ Roxo, F.F.; Silva, G.S.C.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Oliveira, C. (2014). "Neoplecostomus doceensis: a new loricariid species (Teleostei, Siluriformes) from the rio Doce basin and comments about its putative origin". ZooKeys (440): 115–127. Bibcode:2014ZooK..440..115R. doi:10.3897/zookeys.440.8203. PMC 4195942. PMID 25317064.
- ↑ Andrade, B.N.; Langeani, F. (2014). "A new species of Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from the upper rio Paraná basin" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 12 (4): 675–681. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20130195.
- ↑ Cherobim, A.M.; Lazzarotto, H.; Langeani, F. (2017). "A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 14 (4): e160015.
- ↑ Oliveira, Jose; Oyakawa, Osvaldo (2019). "New loricariid fishes from headwaters on Serra da Mantiqueira and Complexo do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)". Zootaxa. 4586 (3): 401. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4586.3.1. PMID 31716114.
- 1 2 Armbruster, Jonathan W. "Neoplecostomus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888". Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 2007-07-13.