Lin Handa
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Lin Handa | |
|---|---|
| Chinese: 林汉达 | |
 | |
| Vice Minister of Education of the People's Republic of China | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | February 1900 Zhenhai County, Ningbo Prefecture, Zhejiang, China |
| Died | July 26, 1972 (aged 72) Beijing, China |
| Alma mater | Hangchow University |
| Occupation | Linguist, educator |
Lin Handa (Chinese: 林汉达; February 17, 1900 – July 26, 1972), also known by the aliases Lin Tao and Lin Dieken, was a Chinese linguist, educator, and scholar. He was one of the principal founders of the China Association for Promoting Democracy and served as Vice Minister of Education of the People's Republic of China. Lin was also a member of the Standing Committee of the first and third central councils of the association, vice chairman of its fourth central committee, and a standing committee member of its fifth central committee. From 1954 onward, he was elected as a deputy to the first, second, and third National People's Congress.[1]
Biography
[edit]Lin Handa was born on February 17, 1900, in Lingxu Township, Zhenhai County, Ningbo Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Longshan Town, Cixi, Ningbo), into a poor peasant family. Through diligence and self-support, he pursued his education and enrolled at Chongxin Middle School in Ningbo in 1917. After graduation, he worked as a teacher at Chongren Primary School and Chongxin Middle School. In 1921, he entered Hangchow University (Zhijiang University) and graduated in 1924. He subsequently taught at Siming Middle School in Ningbo but was dismissed for sheltering and assisting progressive students.[2]
In 1928, Lin moved to Shanghai and worked as an English editor at the Commercial Press's World Book Company, later becoming head of the English editorial department. In 1937, he went to the United States to pursue graduate studies at Colorado State University, specializing in mass education, and obtained a doctoral degree two years later.[3] He returned to China in 1939 and served as a professor at Zhijiang University in Shanghai. After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, he remained in Shanghai, where he conducted research on Latinization and wrote popularized historical works.[4]
At the end of 1945, Lin, together with Ma Xulun, Wang Shao'ao, and Xu Guangping, initiated the establishment of the China Association for Promoting Democracy. In 1946, he actively participated in democratic movements in Shanghai, including public assemblies and civic organizations advocating against civil war and for democracy.[5] Due to persecution by the Kuomintang government, he was forced to relocate to the Northeast China Liberated Area under arrangements by the Chinese Communist underground. There, under the alias Lin Tao, he served as chairman of the Guangdong Federation of Literary and Art Circles, director of the Dalian New Writing Association, editor-in-chief of Guanghua Bookstore, and later as head of the Education Department of Liaobei Province and vice president of Liaobei College.[6]
In 1949, Lin attended the preparatory meetings for the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as a representative of the China Association for Promoting Democracy and participated in drafting the Organizational Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. On September 21, 1949, he attended the first plenary session of the CPPCC held at Huairen Hall in Beijing. In 1950, he was appointed professor and dean of studies at Yenching University, concurrently serving as director of the Department of Social Education under the Ministry of Education.[7]
In the early 1950s, Lin held several important positions in language reform and education, including vice chairman of the National Literacy Commission and member of the State Language Commission. In 1954, he was appointed Vice Minister of Education. He also served on the Committee for the Reform of the Chinese Written Language and participated in the promotion of Standard Chinese. During this period, he was involved in work related to Tibet as deputy head of a central government delegation.[8]
During the Anti-Rightist Campaign, Lin was wrongly labeled a rightist and suffered political persecution. During the Cultural Revolution, he was further subjected to unjust treatment and was sent to perform labor in a cadre school in Pingluo, Ningxia. In June 1972, he was returned to Beijing due to serious illness. Shortly after completing the proofreading of a translation manuscript entrusted to him by Zhou Enlai, he died of a heart attack on July 26, 1972, at the age of 72.[9] On July 23, 1979, a memorial service was held at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing, where he was officially rehabilitated.[10][11]
References
[edit]- ↑ 人物 (in Chinese). 生活・读书・新知三联书店. 1982. p. 133. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 中国民主党派名人录 (in Chinese). Jiangsu People's Press. 1993. p. 321. ISBN 978-7-214-01014-8. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 中国民主党派史丛书: 中囯民主促进会卷 (in Chinese). Hebei People's Press. 2001. p. 147. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 浙江人物簡志 (in Chinese). Zhejiang People's Press. 1984. p. 273. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 李瑞良 (2006). 中国出版编年史 (in Chinese). Fujian People's Publishing House. p. 945. ISBN 978-7-211-05296-7. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 寧波文史資料 (in Chinese). 中国人民政治协商会议宁波市委员会文史资料研究委员会. 1990. p. 70. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 燕京大学人物志 (in Chinese). 北京大学出版社. 2001. p. 187. ISBN 978-7-301-04891-7. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 中华人民共和国全纪录: 1970-1979 (in Chinese). 海天出版社. 1999. p. 1063. ISBN 978-7-80654-076-3. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 中国现代语言学家传略 (in Chinese). 河北教育出版社. 2004. p. 695. ISBN 978-7-5434-5392-0. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 文字改革 (in Chinese). Wen zi gai ge chu ban she. 1983. p. 22. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
- ↑ 柳蕴琪 (2001). 中囯民主促进会卷 (in Chinese). Hebei People's Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-7-202-02487-4. Retrieved 2026-03-23.