Jam Tughlaq
| Jam Tughlaq ڄام تغلق | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jam (Sindhi: ڄام) Shah (Sindhi: شاهہ) Sultan of Sindh (Sindhi: سنڌ جو سُلطان) | |||||||||
| 12th Sultan of Sindh | |||||||||
| Reign | Hereditary monarchy 1428 – January 1453 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Jam Fateh Khan | ||||||||
| Successor | Jam Sikandar II Jam Mubarak (Claimant) | ||||||||
| Born | Juna bin Sikandar | ||||||||
| Died | January 1453 Samui (Near Samanagar, Sindh) | ||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||
| Issue | Jam Khairuddin Jam Salahuddin Bibi Murki Bibi Mughli | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Branch |  House of Juna | ||||||||
| Dynasty | Samma Dynasty | ||||||||
| Father | Jam Sikandar I | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
Tughlaq Shah (Sindhi: تغلق شاهہ) also known as Jam Juna II (Sindhi: ڄام جوڻو ثاني) was the twelfth Sultan of Sindh belonging to the Samma dynasty, ruling from 1428 to 1453.
Life
[edit]Jam Tughlaq's personal name was Juna bin Sikandar.[1] He was the son of Jam Sikandar I and the younger brother of Jam Fateh Khan.[2] He had two daughters, Bibi Murki and Bibi Mughli, and two sons, Jam Khairuddin and Jam Salahuddin.[3] He was very fond of hunting. He died in January 1453 and was buried at Malik Kot, also known as Malik Goth, a fort he built for his daughters on the Sabarmati River near Qutubpur, south of Ahmedabad in Gujarat.[3][4][5]
Reign
[edit]Jam Tughlaq was crowned in 1428 by his brother Jam Fateh Khan three days before the latter's death. He was an able administrator. According to Masumi, he appointed his brothers Jam Ferozuddin and another unnamed brother as the Hakims of Sehwan and Bukkur Sarkars.[6][7]
During his reign, Baloch tribes reportedly raided Bukkur; Jam Tughlaq marched against them, suppressed the disturbance, and established outposts in each pargana to prevent further incursions.[8][7][5]
With the decline of the Delhi Sultanate's influence, Jam Tughlaq strengthened relations with the Muzaffarid rulers of the Gujarat Sultanate through marriage alliances.[9][5] In 1442 he sent two daughters, Bibi Murki and Bibi Mughli, to Gujarat accompanied by Maulana Muhammad Sadiq and two princes, Jam Salahuddin and Jam Khairuddin.[7][10][5] Bibi Murki was originally intended to marry Muhammad Shah II, while Bibi Mughli was intended for the Sufi figure Shah e Alam. However Maulana Sadiq altered the arrangements, and Bibi Mughli married the Sultan, while Bibi Murki married Shah Alam, the great grandson of Makhdoom Jahaniya.[10][11][5]
Jam Tughlaq also began the renovation of the Kalan Kot fort, later known as Tughlaqabad. The work was not completed during his reign and was finished by later Samma rulers. The fort continued to be used in subsequent periods, including under Mughal administration.[7][5]
Jam Tughlaq was succeeded by his nephew Jam Sikandar II.[5]
References
[edit]- ↑ Baloch 2006, p. 53.
- ↑ Panhwar 1983, p. 345.
- 1 2 Panhwar 1983, p. 351.
- ↑ Lari 1994, p. 75.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lakho, Ghulam Muhammad (1987). Samman Ji Sultanat (in Sindhi). Hyderabad: Sindh University Press. p. 25-26.
- ↑ Lari 1994, p. 74.
- 1 2 3 4 Panhwar 1983, p. 346.
- ↑ Dames 1904, p. 40.
- ↑ Baloch 2006, p. 52.
- 1 2 Panhwar 1983, p. 348.
- ↑ Panhwar 2006, p. 83.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dames, Mansel Longworth (1904), The Baloch Race: A Historical and Ethnological Sketch, Royal Asiatic Society
- Panhwar, M. H. (August 1983), Chronological Dictionary of Sindh (From Geological Times to 1539) (1 ed.), Karachi: Educational Press: Institute of Sindhology, University of Sind, Jamshoro
- Baloch, N. A. (2006). "Chronology of the Samma Rulers". In Lakho, Ghulam Muhammad (ed.). The Samma Kingdom of Sindh: Historical Studies. Jamshoro: Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh. pp. 49–58. ISBN 9789694050782.
- Panhwar, M. H. (2006). "Jam Nizamuddin and His Times (1462–1508 A.D.)". In Lakho, Ghulam Muhammad (ed.). The Samma Kingdom of Sindh: Historical Studies. Jamshoro: Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh. pp. 76–89. ISBN 9789694050782.
- Lari, Suhail Zaheer (1994), A History of Sindh, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195775013