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Huntington Library

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens
Founded1919
FoundersHenry E. Huntington, Arabella Huntington
TypeCollections-based research and educational institution
FocusResearch, education
Location
Coordinates34°07′38″N 118°06′36″W / 34.12722°N 118.11000°W / 34.12722; -118.11000
Region served
Southern California
President
Karen R. Lawrence
Endowment$728 million (as of June 30, 2023)
Employees478
Volunteers1,200
Websitehuntington.org

The Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens, known as The Huntington,[a] is a collections-based educational and research institution established by Henry E. Huntington and Arabella Huntington in San Marino, California, United States. In addition to the library, the institution houses an extensive art collection with a focus on 18th and 19th century European art and 17th to mid-20th century American art. The property also has approximately 120 acres (49 ha) of specialized botanical landscaped gardens, including the "Japanese Garden", the "Desert Garden", and the "Chinese Garden".

History

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Huntington Library building with a green lawn in the foreground and white clouds in the sky.
Huntington Library, built in 1920; its main reading room now is an exhibition hall.

As a landowner, Henry Edwards Huntington (1850–1927) played a major role in the growth of Southern California. Huntington was born in 1850, in Oneonta, New York, and was the nephew and heir of Collis P. Huntington (1821–1900), one of the famous "Big Four" railroad tycoons of nineteenth century California history. In 1892, Huntington relocated to San Francisco with his first wife, Mary Alice Prentice, and their four children. In 1902, he relocated from the financial and political center of Northern California, San Francisco, to the state's newer southern major metropolis, Los Angeles. In 1903, he purchased the 600 acres (240 ha) "San Marino Ranch" from James DeBarth Shorb Jr (1870–1907) for $240,000. He later purchased other large tracts of land in the Pasadena and Los Angeles areas of Los Angeles County for urban and suburban development. He divorced Mary Alice Prentice in 1906. He was one of the founders of the City of San Marino which was incorporated on April 25, 1913. On July 16, 1913, he married his uncle's widow, Arabella Huntington (1851–1924). As president of the Pacific Electric Railway Company, the regional streetcar and public transit system for the Los Angeles metropolitan area and southern California and also of the Los Angeles Railway Company (later the Southern California Railway), he spearheaded urban and regional transportation efforts to link together far-flung communities, supporting growth of those communities as well as promoting commerce, recreation and tourism.

Huntington's interest in art was influenced in large part by Arabella, and with art experts to guide him, he benefited from a post-World War I European market that was "ready to sell almost anything". Before his death in 1927, Huntington amassed "far and away the greatest group of eighteenth-century British portraits ever assembled by any one man". In accordance with Huntington's will, the collection, then worth $50 million, was opened to the public in 1928.[1]

On October 17, 1985, a fire erupted in an elevator shaft of the Huntington Art Gallery and destroyed Sir Joshua Reynolds's 1777 portrait of Mrs. Edwin Lascelles. After a year-long, $1 million refurbishing project, the Huntington Gallery reopened in 1986, with its artworks cleaned of soot and stains. Most of the funds for the cleanup and refurbishing of the Georgian mansion and its artworks came from donations from the Michael J. Connell Foundation, corporations and individuals.[2] Both the Federal art-supporting establishment of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities gave emergency grants, the former of $17,500 to "support conservation and other related costs resulting from a serious fire at the Gallery of Art",[3] and the latter of $30,000 to "support the restoration of several fire-damaged works of art that depict the story of Western culture."[4]

On September 5, 2019, The Huntington kicked off a year-long celebration of its centennial year with exhibitions, special programs, initiatives, a special Huntington 100th rose, and a float in the 2020 Rose Parade in nearby Pasadena, California.

Formerly the residence of Henry E. Huntington (1850–1927) and his wife, Arabella Huntington (1850–1924), the Huntington Art Gallery opened in 1928.

Management

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The executive leaders of The Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens are:[5]

  • President: Karen R. Lawrence
  • Chief Financial Officer: Janet Alberti
  • Chief Human Resources Officer: Misty Bennett
  • Director of the Library: Sandra Brooke Gordon
  • Director of the Botanical Gardens: Nicole Cavender
  • Director of the Art Museum: Christina Nielsen
  • Vice Presidents and other executive leaders: Heather Hart, Susan Juster, Thomas Polansky, Randy Shulman

With an endowment of more than $700 million (and half a billion dollars raised between 2001 and 2013), the Huntington is among the wealthiest cultural institutions in the United States. It has undertaken major restorations and construction including a $60 million education and visitors center opened in 2015. In 2022 The Huntington received 1,014,000 visitors and had 54,000 member households. It hosted 1,360 readers and 131 scholars to conduct research within the collections and served 15,994 students through programs, classes, and site visits.[6][7]

Library

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Ellesmere Manuscript, an early 15th-century manuscript of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, housed in the library

The library building was designed in 1920 by the southern California architect Myron Hunt[8] in the Mediterranean Revival style. Hunt's previous commissions for Mr. and Mrs. Huntington included the Huntington's residence in San Marino in 1909, and the Huntington Hotel in 1914. The library contains a substantial collection of rare books and manuscripts, concentrated in the fields of British and American history, literature, art, and the history of science. Spanning from the 11th century to the present, the library's holdings contain 7 million manuscript items, over 400,000 rare books, and over a million photographs, prints, and other ephemera. With the 2006 acquisition of the Burndy Library, a collection of nearly 60,000 items, the Huntington became one of the top institutions in the world for the study of the history of science and technology.

Highlights include one of eleven vellum copies of the Gutenberg Bible known to exist, the Ellesmere manuscript of Chaucer (ca. 1410), and letters and manuscripts by George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln.[9] It is the only library in the world with the first two quartos of Hamlet; it holds the manuscript of Benjamin Franklin's autobiography, Isaac Newton's personal copy of his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica with annotations in Newton's own hand, the first seven drafts of Henry David Thoreau's Walden, John James Audubon's Birds of America, and first editions and manuscripts from authors such as Charles Bukowski, Jack London, Alexander Pope, William Blake, Mark Twain, and William Wordsworth.[10] The library also holds the papers and drafts of Kent Haruf, an American novelist from Colorado.[11] On December 14, 2022, the library announced they had acquired the archive of American author Thomas Pynchon.[12]

Research

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Researchers over age 18 may use the Library's reading rooms to consult the collection upon establishing a research need that requires the use of The Huntington's collections, identifying specific materials, and presenting the required form(s) of identification at orientation.[13] Through a rigorous peer-review program, the institution awards approximately 150 grants to scholars in the fields of history, literature, art, and the history of science, medicine, and technology. The Huntington also hosts numerous scholarly events, lectures, conferences, and workshops.[10]

In September 1991, then-director William A. Moffett announced that the library's photographic archive of the Dead Sea Scrolls would be available to all qualified scholars, not just those approved by the international team of editors that had so long limited access to a chosen few. The collection consists of 3,000 photographs of all the original scrolls.[14][15]

Through a partnership with the University of Southern California, the library has established two research centers: the USC-Huntington Early Modern Studies Institute and the Huntington-USC Institute on California and the West.

Art collections

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The Huntington's collections are displayed in permanent installations housed in the Huntington Art Gallery and Virginia Steele Scott Gallery of American Art. Special temporary exhibitions are mounted in the MaryLou and George Boone Gallery, with smaller, focused exhibitions displayed in the Works on Paper Room in the Huntington Art Gallery and the Susan and Stephen Chandler Wing of the Scott Galleries. In addition the gallery also hosts different exhibitions of photography throughout the year including those about different social and political subjects.

European art

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The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough, c. 1770
Pinkie by Thomas Lawrence, c. 1794
View on the Stour near Dedham by John Constable, 1822

The European collection, consisting largely of 18th- and 19th-century British & French paintings, sculptures and decorative arts, is housed in The Huntington Art Gallery, the original Huntington residence. The permanent installation also includes selections from the Arabella D. Huntington Memorial Art Collection, which contains Italian and Northern Renaissance paintings and a spectacular collection of 18th-century French tapestries, porcelain, and furniture. Some of the best known works in the European collection include The Blue Boy by Thomas Gainsborough, Pinkie by Thomas Lawrence, and Madonna and Child by Rogier van der Weyden.

American art

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Complementing the European collections is the Huntington's American art holdings, a collection of paintings, prints, drawings, sculptures, and photographs dating from the 17th to the mid-20th century. The institution did not begin collecting American art until 1979, when it received a gift of 50 paintings from the Virginia Steele Scott Foundation. Consequently, The Virginia Steele Scott Gallery of American Art was established in 1984. In 2009, the Virginia Steele Scott Galleries were expanded, refurbished, and reinstalled. The new showcase, a $1.6 million project designed to give the Huntington's growing American art collection more space and visibility, combines the original, 1984 American gallery with the Lois and Robert F. Erburu Gallery, a modern classical addition designed by Los Angeles architect Frederick Fisher.[16] Highlights among the American art collections include Breakfast in Bed by Mary Cassatt, The Long Leg by Edward Hopper, Small Crushed Campbell's Soup Can (Beef Noodle) by Andy Warhol, and Global Loft (Spread) by Robert Rauschenberg. As of 2014, the collection numbers some 12,000 works, ninety percent of them drawings, photographs and prints.[17]

In 2014, the library acquired the Millard Sheets mural Southern California landscape (1934), the dining room wall painting originally painted for homeowners Fred H. and Bessie Ranke in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles.[18]

Acquisitions

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In 1999, the Huntington acquired the collection of materials relating to Arts and Crafts artist and designer William Morris amassed by Sanford and Helen Berger, comprising stained glass, wallpaper, textiles, embroidery, drawings, ceramics, more than 2,000 books, original woodblock prints, and the complete archives of Morris's decorative arts firm Morris & Co. and its predecessor Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. These materials formed the foundation for the 2002 exhibit "William Morris: Creating the Useful and the Beautiful".[19]

In 2005, actor Steve Martin gave $1 million to the Huntington to support exhibitions and acquisitions of American art, with three-quarters of the money to be spent on exhibitions and the rest on purchases of artworks.[20] In 2009, Andy Warhol's painting Small Crushed Campbell's Soup Can (Beef Noodle) (1962) as well as group of the artist's Brillo Boxes were donated by the estate of Robert Shapazian, the founding director of Gagosian Gallery in Beverly Hills.[21] In 2011, a $1.75 million acquisition fund for post-1945 American art was established by unidentified patrons in honor of the late Shapazian. The first purchase from the fund was the painting Global Loft (Spread) (1979) by Robert Rauschenberg.[22]

In 2012, the museum acquired its first major work by an African-American artist when it purchased a 22-foot-long carved redwood panel from 1937 by sculptor Sargent Claude Johnson.[23]

In October 2023, the museum unveiled a 320-year-old, 3,000 square feet (280 m2) Japanese home once owned by a shōya (village head). From 2018 to 2023, craftspeople carefully disassembled the house, labeled, cleaned, and repaired each part, reassembled the house in a Japanese warehouse, refitted the house to US building codes, disassembled it again, and reassembled it in California. Curator Robert Hori likened the whole process to building a "giant model airplane."[24]

Botanical gardens

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Gigantic green and red flower with a crowd of people looking at it.
Amorphophallus titanum at Huntington Library in August 2014
Moon Bridge

The Huntington's botanical gardens cover 120 acres (49 ha) and showcase plants from around the world. Huntington worked to make them thrive in the generous California climate. Today his many projects of horticulture live on, providing opportunities for botanical research and for enjoyment.[25] The gardens are divided into more than a dozen themes, including the Australian Garden, Camellia Collection, Children's Garden, Desert Garden, Herb Garden, Japanese Garden, Lily Ponds, North Vista, Palm Garden, Rose Garden, the Shakespeare Garden, Subtropical and Jungle Garden, and the Chinese Garden (Liu Fang Yuan 流芳園 or the Garden of Flowing Fragrance).

The Rose Hills Foundation Conservatory for Botanical Science has a large tropical plant collection, as well as a carnivorous plants wing. The Huntington has a program to protect and propagate endangered plant species. In 1999, 2002, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2018 (4), 2019, 2020, 2021 (3), 2022, 2023 (3), 2024, 2025 and 2026 (2) specimens of Amorphophallus titanum, or the odiferous "corpse flower", bloomed at the facility. Twenty-one corpse flowers have bloomed at Huntington since 1999.

Conservatory

The Camellia Collection, recognized as an International Camellia Garden of Excellence, includes nearly eighty different camellia species and some 1,200 cultivated varieties, many of them rare and historic. The Rose Garden contains approximately 1,200 cultivars (4,000 individual plants) arranged historically to trace the development of roses from ancient to modern times.

Chinese Garden

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Still pond surrounded by plants with a Pagoda- style structure on the far side.
Chinese Garden Liu Fang Yuan
Bridge in the Chinese Garden

A Chinese garden, the largest outside of China,[6] was dedicated on February 26, 2008, after artisans from Suzhou, China spent some six months at Huntington to construct the first phase of the newest facility. On 12 acres (4.9 ha) at the northwest corner of the Huntington, the garden features man-made lakes ("Pond of Reflected Greenery" and "Lake of Reflected Fragrance") with pavilions connected by bridges. Unique Chinese names are assigned to many of the facilities in the garden, such as the tea house, known as the "Hall of the Jade Camellia". Other pavilions are the "Love for the Lotus Pavilion", "Terrace of the Jade Mirror", and "Pavilion of the Three Friends". The initial phase cost $18.3 million to build.

The second phase, which includes the "Clear and Transcendent Pavilion", "Lingering Clouds Peak" with a waterfall, Waveless Boat, "Crossing through Fragrance" bridge and the "Cloud Steps" bridge, opened on March 8, 2014.[26] There were other pavilions, including the "Flowery Brush Studio", and structures completed under phase two. A place to display its large collections of penjing and bonsai has completed.[27]

Desert Garden

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A variety of cacti of different sizes growing closely together.
Desert Garden

The Desert Garden, one of the world's largest and oldest outdoor collections of cacti and other succulents, contains plants from extreme environments, many of which were acquired by Henry E. Huntington and William Hertrich (the garden curator). One of the Huntington's most botanically important gardens, the Desert Garden brings together a plant group largely unknown and unappreciated in the beginning of the 1900s. Containing a broad category of xerophytes (aridity-adapted plants), the Desert Garden grew to preeminence and remains today among the world's finest, with more than 5,000 species.

Japanese Garden

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Japanese Garden
The Japanese Garden bridge

In 1911, art dealer George Turner Marsh (who also created the Japanese Tea Garden at the Golden Gate Park) sold his commercial Japanese tea garden to Henry E. Huntington to create the foundations of what is known today as the Japanese Garden. The garden was completed in 1912 and opened to the public in 1928. According to historian Kendall Brown, the garden consists of three gardens: the original stroll garden with koi-filled ponds and a drum or moon bridge, the raked-gravel dry garden added in 1968, and the traditionally landscaped tea garden.[28]

In addition, the gardens feature a large bell, the authentic ceremonial teahouse Seifu-an (the Arbor of Pure Breeze), a fully furnished Japanese house, the Zen Garden, and the bonsai collections with hundreds of trees. The Bonsai Courts at the Huntington is the home of the Golden State Bonsai Federation Southern Collection. Another ancient Japanese art form can be found at the Harry Hirao Suiseki Court, where visitors can touch the suiseki or viewing stones.

Other gardens

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Presidents

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Nine individuals have led the Huntington Library since it was first created as a historical research organization in 1924. Below is the list of those leaders, initially holding the title Director until 1988 when the title was changed to President.[29] Also included in this list are acting/interim leaders.

No. Image President Term start Term end Ref.
Directors of the Huntington Library (1924–1988)
1 Max Farrand October 1, 1927 June 30, 1941 [30][31][32][33]
2 Wallace Sterling July 1, 1948 March 1949 [A] [34][35][36][37][38]
3 John Edwin Pomfret November 1951 September 30, 1966 [39][40]
4 James Thorpe October 1, 1966 August 31, 1983 [41][42]
5 Robert Middlekauff September 1, 1983 December 31, 1987 [43][44][45]
interim Martin Ridge January 1, 1988 June 30, 1988 [46]
Presidents of the Huntington Library (1988–present)
6 Robert A. Skotheim July 1, 1988 June 30, 2001 [47][48]
7 Steven S. Koblik September 1, 2001 June 30, 2015 [49][50][51]
8 Laura Skandera Trombley July 1, 2015 March 28, 2017 [52][53]
acting Steve Hindle March 29, 2017 August 31, 2018 [53]
9 Karen R. Lawrence September 1, 2018 present [54][55]

Table notes:

  1. ↑ Resigned to lead Stanford University.
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The Huntington Botanical Gardens were honored with a postal stamp as a part of the American Gardens stamps on May 13, 2020. The Desert Garden was featured.[56]

The gardens are frequently used as a filming location.[57] Footage shot there has been included in:

NameYear
Mame1974
Only Yesterday (music video) – Carpenters1975
Midway1976
Star Trek: The Next Generation, in Justice1987
Heathers[58]1988
Ordinary World (music video) – Duran Duran1993
Indecent Proposal1993
Beverly Hills Ninja1997
JAG, used as the White House rose garden1997
The Wedding Singer1998
Mystery Men1999
Charlie's Angels2000
The Wedding Planner2001
The Hot Chick2002
S1m0ne2002
Anger Management2003
The West Wing, used as the National Arboretum2003
Intolerable Cruelty2003
Starsky & Hutch2004
Monster-in-Law2005
Memoirs of a Geisha2005
Serenity2005
Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, in its finale2007
National Treasure: Book of Secrets, used as the White House rose garden2007
CSI Miami, in You May Now Kill the Bride2008
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, used during the flashback fighting scenes between ten-year-old Snake Eyes and Storm Shadow.2009
A Beautiful End (music video) – J.R. Richards2009
Private Practice, used during the wedding scene between Violet Turner and Pete Wilder, in the episode Takes Two2010
The Muppets2011
Bridesmaids, the driveway to Helen's bridal shower2011
Parks and Recreation, used as Five Mile Grounds, the new Eagleton park, in the episode Pawnee Commons2012
The Good Place, as the afterlife's fictional setting2016–2020
Garden Song, mentioned by name.2020
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See also

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References

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Explanatory footnotes

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  1. ↑ The common appellation of The Huntington may also refer to the Huntington Hospital.

Citations

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  1. ↑ "$50,000,000 Huntington Collection was Amassed by One Man in 17 Years". Life. January 24, 1938. p. 33. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
  2. ↑ Muchnic, Suzanne (September 28, 1986). "The Huntington's Glorious Restoration". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  3. ↑ Jurenas, Joan Bowersox, ed. (1987). 1986 Annual Report (PDF) (Report). National Endowment for the Arts. p. 103. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
  4. ↑ Twenty-First Annual Report: 1986 (Report). National Endowment for the Humanities. 1987. p. 76. hdl:2027/osu.32435070039284. ISSN 8755-5492.
  5. ↑ "Leadership". huntington.org. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  6. 1 2 Rothstein, Edward (December 20, 2013). "A Treasure House of Shifting Aspirations: 'The Library Re-Imagined,' at the Huntington". New York Times. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  7. ↑ "The Huntington - The Huntington's Annual Report 2023 - Page 4-5". view.publitas.com. Retrieved December 21, 2024.
  8. ↑ "What buildings did Myron Hunt design?". Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  9. ↑ Miranda, Carolina A. (April 1, 2021). "The Huntington Library has a history of inequity. Can it pivot toward inclusivity?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  10. 1 2 Huntington Library In Fact, 2012–2013
  11. ↑ Outcalt, Chris (June 1, 2015). "The Precious Ordinary". 5280. Archived from the original on May 30, 2024. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
  12. ↑ "News Release – The Huntington Acquires Thomas Pynchon Archive | The Huntington". huntington.org. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  13. ↑ "Using the Library | The Huntington". huntington.org. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  14. ↑ Wilford, John Noble (September 22, 1991). "Monopoly Over Dead Sea Scrolls Is Ended". New York Times. Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  15. ↑ Wilford, John Noble (February 22, 1995). "William A. Moffett, 62, Is Dead; Opened Door to Dead Sea Scrolls". New York Times. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  16. ↑ Muchnic, Suzanne (May 30, 2009). "American art gets a higher profile in U.S. museums". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012.
  17. ↑ Knight, Christopher (July 19, 2014). "Huntington's new gallery rooms show promise". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
  18. ↑ Wada, Karen (November 4, 2014). "Millard Sheets mural moving to the Huntington". LA Observed. Archived from the original on November 5, 2014.
  19. ↑ "William Morris Exhibition". April 16, 2008. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  20. ↑ Muchnic, Suzanne (February 8, 2005). "Huntington gets arts endowment". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012.
  21. ↑ Pop Art Comes to The Huntington Archived 2011-10-21 at the Wayback Machine The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens.
  22. ↑ Finkel, Jori (June 7, 2012). "Huntington buys a Robert Rauschenberg Spread painting". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012.
  23. ↑ Pogash, Carol (February 20, 2012). "Berkeley's Artwork Loss Is a Museum's Gain". New York Times.
  24. ↑ Drueding, Meghan (Winter 2024). "On the Move: How an International Team Moved a Historic Japanese House to the United States". Preservation Magazine.
  25. ↑ Pomeroy, Elizabeth (June 1983). "Paradise found: the Huntington library". Wilson Library Bulletin. 57: 833–837.
  26. ↑ New Section of The Huntington's Chinese Garden Debuts as Phase II Takes Shape Archived 2014-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, February 28, 2014
  27. ↑ Fielding, Buck (October 24, 2020). "Take a peek into the Huntington Library's expanded Chinese Garden". Pasadena Star News. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  28. ↑ Wada, Karen (April 9, 2012). "At the Huntington, a Japanese Garden of new delights". LA Times. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  29. ↑ Thurber, Jon (January 16, 2009). "James Thorpe dies at 93; former director of the Huntington Library put it on the map". Los Angeles Times. He returned to scholarship after leaving the post of Huntington director -- the position was renamed president in 1988.
  30. ↑ "Huntington To Help Research". Los Angeles Times. February 28, 1927. p. 17. Dr. Farrand is internationally known for his researches in American history, which have been published in a number of books and in various historical journals. He recently served as first Research Associate of the Huntington Library and prepared the plan for research which has just been adopted. He will enter upon his duties next October 1.
  31. ↑ Stevens, Otheman (March 1, 1927). "Huntington Foundation Head Named: Dr. Max Farrand, Formerly of Yale, to Be in Charge; Large Endowment Added". Los Angeles Examiner. p. 21 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection. A change that will add to the potency in scholarly results of the Huntington Library, art gallery and botanical garden has been announced in the appointment of Dr. Max Farrand to be in charge of the entire Foundation.
  32. ↑ "New Director Arrives". Los Angeles Times. October 9, 1927. p. 78. Dr. Max Farrand, formerly professor of history at Yale University and a noted scholar, has just arrived in Pasadena after a summer spent in Europe, to assume his new duties as director of research at the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Dr. Farrand said today that it will be some time before the alterations on the Huntington residence will be completed. The former home of the late Mr. Huntington is being remodeled for museum use, and the public will be admitted when the work is completed. It was originally expected that this work would be finished this month.
  33. ↑ "Dr. Farrand to Leave Library". Los Angeles Times. March 7, 1941. p. 2. Dr. Max Farrand, director of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery for the last 14 years, has resigned effective July 1, the board of trustees announced yesterday. Accepting the resignation with regret, the trustees invited Dr. Farrand to continue his connection with the library as a research associate.
  34. ↑ "New Library Director". Visalia Times-Delta. Vol. 41, no. 7. March 8, 1948. p. 2 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection. The appointment of Dr. J. E. Wallace Sterling as director of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery was announced today by Dr. Robert A. Millikan, chairman of the library board of trustees. This appointment is to become effective on July 1, 1948. The directorship of the library has been vacant since the retirement of the late Dr. Max Farrand several years ago.
  35. ↑ "Sterling Assumes Duties At Huntington Library". Visalia Times-Delta. Vol. 41, no. 106. July 1, 1948. p. 1 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection. Dr. J. E. Wallace Sterling today assumed his duties as director of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. The directorship has been vacant since the retirement of the late Dr. Max Farrand several years ago.
  36. ↑ "Dr. Sterling New Sanford Head". Oakland Tribune. Vol. 149, no. 142. November 19, 1948. p. 1 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection. Dr. John Ewart Wallace Sterling, 42-year-old Canadian-born educator, historian and author, today was named president of Stanford University. Director of the famed Huntington Library and Art Gallery at San Marino since July of this year, Dr Sterling formerly was an instructor in history at Stanford before going to the California Institute of Technology as a history professor in 1937.
  37. ↑ "TAKES POST APRIL 1". Los Angeles Daily News. February 25, 1949. p. 14 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection. Dr. Wallace Sterling will take over the presidency of Stanford April 3, three months earlier than had been anticipated, was announced today by the university's board of trustees.
  38. ↑ "800 Stanford Alumni Await Yearly Parley In LA Tomorrow". Los Angeles Evening Citizen News. Vol. 44, no. 291. March 5, 1949. p. 6 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection. Honored guest of the day will be Dr. and Mrs. Wallace Sterling. Dr. Sterling, newly appointed president of Stanford, will soon leave his post as director of Huntington Library in San Marino to assume his duties at the university.
  39. ↑ "Pomfret gets Huntington library post". Los Angeles Daily News. October 13, 1951. p. 21 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection. Dr. John E. Pomfret, former president of William and Mary college, Williamsburg, Va., has been appointed director of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, it was announced today. Dr. Pomfret resigned his college post last month following a row over commercialization of athletics at William and Mary, second oldest educational Institution in the nation... Dr. Robert A. Millikan, chairman of the Huntington library board of trustees, announced his appointment to succeed Dr. J. E. Wallace Sterling, who resigned some time ago to become president of Stanford university. Dr. Pomfret and his wife are expected to arrive here early next month and take up residence in the director's house on the Huntington estate.
  40. ↑ "DR. POMFRET TO HEAD LIBRARY ON COAST". The New York Times. October 14, 1951. p. 106. Dr. John E. Pomfret, who resigned as president of the College of William and Mary after a sports scandal, has been appointed director of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery here.
  41. ↑ "Huntington Library Names James Thorpe as Director". The New York Times. April 14, 1966. p. 36. The Henry E. Huntington Library of San Marino, Calif., announced today the appointment of James Thorpe as its new director, effective Oct. 1. Mr. Thorpe, a specialist in 17th-century literature, is professor of English at Princeton University. He succeeds Dr. John E. Pomfret, who is retiring.
  42. ↑ "Huntington Library Gets New Director". Los Angeles Times. April 14, 1966. p. 68. James Thorpe, professor of English at Princeton University, will take over as the new director of the Henry E. Huntington Library in San Marino, Oct. 1. Library trustees appointed Thorpe to succeed Dr. John E. Pomfret, who has reached retirement age after 15 years as director.
  43. ↑ Isenberg, Barbara (March 28, 1983). "Huntington Names New Director". Los Angeles Times. p. 33. Historian Robert Middlekauff will become director of the Huntington Library, Art Gallery and Botanical Gardens on Sept. 1, the Huntington is expected to announce today. Middlekauff, 53, is the Margaret Byrne Professor of American History and provost and dean of the College of Letters and Science at UC Berkeley. He succeeds James Thorpe, 67, Huntington director since 1966, who is retiring.
  44. ↑ Brenson, Michael (May 6, 1983). "Art People; Dealers honor art historian". The New York Times. p. C25. Middlekauff Named Head Of Huntington Library. Robert Middlekauff has been appointed director of the Huntington Library, Art Gallery and Botanical Gardens in San Marino, Calif., effective Sept. 1. Mr. Middlekauff is the Margaret Byrne Professor of American History and provost and dean of the College of Letters and Science at the University of California, Berkeley. He takes over the Huntington, known for its research library of American and English history and literature and its collection of 18th- and 19th-century English paintings, at a time when the private, nonprofit institution is attracting ever larger numbers of visitors and scholars.
  45. ↑ "FIRST OFF...". Los Angeles Times. January 27, 1987. Robert Middlekauff resigned from the Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens after four years as its director. Effective Jan. 1, 1988, he will become a professor of history at UC Berkeley, where he previously spent 21 years as a professor and administrator.
  46. ↑ Loper, Mary Lou (April 14, 1988). "Ambassador to Finland: To Helsinki and Summitry". Los Angeles Times. The roses are blooming, and it's time for the trustees, overseers and Huntington interim director Martin Ridge of the Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens to honor the Society of Fellows with a spring luncheon and garden party. It's April 23...
  47. ↑ Muchnic, Suzanne (January 30, 1988). "Skotheim to Direct Huntington Complex". Los Angeles Times. Robert Skotheim, president of Whitman College, has been named director of the Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens in San Marino. A specialist in American intellectual history, Skotheim will begin his new position July 1. He succeeds Robert Middlekauff, who resigned last year to teach history at UC Berkeley.
  48. ↑ "Huntington Library Chief Announces Retirement". Los Angeles Times. June 29, 2000. Robert A. Skotheim, 67, who has led the Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens through a period of unprecedented growth and prosperity for the past 12 years, has announced that he will retire June 30, 2001.
  49. ↑ Muchnic, Suzanne (January 3, 2001). "College Administrator Koblik Tapped to Head Huntington". Los Angeles Times. Steven S. Koblik, president of Reed College in Portland, Ore., has been appointed president of the Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens in San Marino. A scholar of European history who oversaw a building boom at Reed and led a $112-million capital campaign that increased the college's endowment to $350 million, he will succeed retiring Huntington President Robert A. Skotheim on Sept. 1.
  50. ↑ "Huntington President Steven S. Koblik Announces Retirement". Pasadena Now. February 5, 2014. The president of The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, Steven S. Koblik–largely credited with transforming the institution into a dynamic and thriving intellectual and cultural center with a focus on impact and outreach–has announced his retirement, effective June 30, 2015.
  51. ↑ Boehm, Mike (June 29, 2015). "Huntington Library President Steven Koblik leaves with sense of pride". Los Angeles Times. When he retires Tuesday at 72, the campus Koblik leaves to his successor, Pitzer College president Laura Trombley, will be full of things that weren't there when he arrived: 277,000 square feet of new or renovated buildings, 20 acres of new or restored gardens and expanded collections that now include books of coded telegraph messages from the front lines to President Lincoln during the Civil War and a massive trove of books and manuscripts on the history of science.
  52. ↑ "Laura Skandera Trombley Named President of The Huntington Library". Pasadena Now. December 2, 2014. Laura Skandera Trombley has been named the eighth president of The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, The Huntington's Board of Trustees announced today. Trombley takes the helm on July 1, 2015, the first woman to do so, following the retirement of Steven S. Koblik, who has served as The Huntington's president since 2001.
  53. 1 2 "Dr. Laura Trombley, President of The Huntington, Steps Down". San Marino Tribune. March 29, 2017. The Board of Trustees of The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens announced in an email this morning that Dr. Laura Skandera Trombley, president of The Huntington, has stepped down from her post effective immediately... Dr. Steve Hindle, the W.M. Keck Foundation Director of Research, has been named the acting president as a search for a new president gets underway.
  54. ↑ "Karen R. Lawrence Named President of The Huntington". The Huntington. July 5, 2018. Karen R. Lawrence, former president of Sarah Lawrence College, has been named president of The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, The Huntington's Board of Trustees announced today, following an extensive international search. Lawrence, who steps into the role Sept. 1, is The Huntington's ninth president.
  55. ↑ "Former dean of the School of Humanities is named president of The Huntington Library". UC Irvine. July 30, 2018. Karen Lawrence, UCI professor emerita of English and former dean of the School of Humanities (1998-2007), has been named president of The Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens in San Marino, effective Sept. 1.
  56. ↑ 2020 Forever Stamp Program Offers Something for Everyone, USPS, Oct. 22, 2019
  57. ↑ Alleman, Richard (March 6, 2013). Hollywood: The Movie Lover's Guide: The Ultimate Insider Tour of Movie L.A. Crown. p. 465. ISBN 978-0-8041-3777-5.
  58. ↑ "Heathers film locations". The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
  59. ↑ A Californian's Guide to the Trees Among Us, Matt Ritter, 2011, Heyday, Berkeley, CA, ISBN 978-1-59714-147-5

Additional sources

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  • Hertrich, William (1998). The Huntington Botanical Gardens, 1905–1949: Personal Recollections of William Hertrich. Huntington Library Press. ISBN 978-0-87328-096-9. 1949 edition at the Internet Archive. 1988 edition (2003 reprint) at HathiTrust.
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