Homospermidine synthase
| Homospermidine synthase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 2.5.1.44 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 76106-84-8 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| BRENDA | enzyme data | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | enzyme entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| Rhea | reactions | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Homospermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.44) is an enzyme with systematic name putrescine:putrescine 4-aminobutyltransferase (ammonia-forming).[1] It was first characterised from Rhodopseudomonas viridis and catalyses two related chemical reactions. One converts two molecules of putrescine to one of sym-homospermidine, with ammonia as a byproduct:[2][3]
The other combines putrescine with spermidine to form sym-homospermidine and 1,3-propanediamine:[4]
The enzyme has been found in Acinetobacter tartarogenes and Lathyrus sativus.[5][6] There is evidence that it evolved from the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase and that it is part of the biosynthetic pathway to pyrrolizidine alkaloids.[7] In many bacteria, it is an essential part of the metabolism of polyamines.[8]
References
[edit]- ↑ Enzyme 2.5.1.44 at KEGG Pathway Database.
- ↑ Tait GH (February 1979). "The formation of homospermidine by an enzyme from Rhodopseudomonas viridis [proceedings]". Biochemical Society Transactions. 7 (1): 199–201. doi:10.1042/bst0070199. PMID 437275.
- ↑ Ober D, Tholl D, Martin W, Hartmann T (1996). "Homospermidine synthase of Rhodopseudomonas viridis: Substrate specificity and effects of the heterologously expressed enzyme on polyamine metabolism of Escherichia coli". J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 42 (5): 411–419. doi:10.2323/jgam.42.411.
- ↑ Böttcher F, Ober D, Hartmann T (1994). "Biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: putrescine and spermidine are essential substrates of enzymatic homospermidine formation". Can. J. Chem. 72 (1): 80–85. Bibcode:1994CaJCh..72...80B. doi:10.1139/v94-013.
- ↑ Yamamoto S, Nagata S, Kusaba K (July 1993). "Purification and characterization of homospermidine synthase in Acinetobacter tartarogenes ATCC 31105". Journal of Biochemistry. 114 (1): 45–9. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124137. PMID 8407874.
- ↑ Srivenugopal KS, Adiga PR (August 1980). "Enzymic synthesis of sym-homospermidine in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) seedlings". The Biochemical Journal. 190 (2): 461–4. doi:10.1042/bj1900461. PMC 1162113. PMID 7470060.
- ↑ Ober D, Hartmann T (December 1999). "Homospermidine synthase, the first pathway-specific enzyme of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, evolved from deoxyhypusine synthase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (26): 14777–82. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9614777O. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.14777. PMC 24724. PMID 10611289.
- ↑ Krossa, Sebastian; Faust, Annette; Ober, Dietrich; Scheidig, Axel J. (2016). "Comprehensive Structural Characterization of the Bacterial Homospermidine Synthase–an Essential Enzyme of the Polyamine Metabolism". Scientific Reports. 6 19501. doi:10.1038/srep19501. PMC 4725965. PMID 26776105.
External links
[edit]- Homospermidine+synthase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
