HH70
| Honghuang 70 | |
|---|---|
| Device type | Tokamak |
| Location | China |
| Affiliation | Energy Singularity |
| Technical specifications | |
| Major radius | 0.75 m[1] |
| Minor radius | 0.31 m[1] |
| Magnetic field | 0.6 T[1] |
| History | |
| Year(s) of operation | 2024–present |
| HH70 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 洪荒70 | ||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | hónghuāng 70 | ||||||
| Literal meaning | Primeval Chaos 70 | ||||||
| |||||||
HH70 is a tokamak developed by the Chinese fusion power company Energy Singularity. It has been in operation since June 2024. The reactor is notable as the first tokamak to employ high-temperature superconductors exclusively for its magnet system.
History
[edit]Energy Singularity formed in June 2021. The design work on HH70 (Hóng Huāng or 'primal chaos') began in March 2022. HH70 was designed to be smaller and more cost-effective than conventional tokamaks by using high-temperature superconductors.[2] The company completed construction in February 2024 and achieved first plasma in June 2024.[3] The company said that the cost was $16M. Alex Kimani has cited the completion of HH70 before ITER and SPARC as evidence of a first-mover advantage for China.[4]
Energy Singularity is working on the successor reactor, H170, targeting a fusion energy gain factor (Q) greater than 10 by 2027 at a forecast cost of $420M.[5][6]
Technology
[edit]Unlike earlier tokamak efforts such as the Joint European Torus or ITER, HH70's magnet system is built entirely with high-temperature superconductors. The choice of ReBCO significantly reduces the reactor's required volume.[2] The number 70 reflects the major radius.[6] A similar approach is under way at Commonwealth Fusion Systems, building SPARC. In late 2024, HH70 created a toroidal magnetic field exceeding 1 tesla.[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 3 Li, Z. Y.; Pan, Z. C.; Zhang, Q. J.; Zhu, K. P.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Z. W.; Dong, G.; Ye, Y. M.; Yang, Z. (2024-12-01). "Development and construction of magnet system for world's first full high temperature superconducting tokamak". Superconductivity. 12 100137. doi:10.1016/j.supcon.2024.100137. ISSN 2772-8307.
- 1 2 Malayil, Jijo. "Energy Singularity seeks $500M for record-breaking fusion reactor". Interesting Engineering. Archived from the original on 2025-02-12. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
- ↑ "China's commercial 'artificial sun' achieves first discharge-Ecns.cn". ECNS. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
- ↑ Kimani, Alex (2024-07-18). "China Has Just Gained First-Mover Advantage In Nuclear Fusion". OilPrice.com. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
- ↑ Guardian, Sri Lanka (2025-01-29). "China Surpasses U.S. in Nuclear Fusion Race, Breaks Record Again". slguardian.org. Archived from the original on 2025-02-10. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
- 1 2 Harding, Caleb (March 26, 2026). "Fusion's DeepSeek Moment?". www.chinatalk.media. Retrieved 2026-04-06.
- ↑ Energysingularity, 由 (2024-12-31). "The Toroidal Magnetic Field (B0) of HH70 Exceeded 1 tesla – Energy Singularity" (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2025-02-15.
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