Gioro
Gioro (Manchu: ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ, romanized: Gioro), commonly known as the Red Belts (紅帶子), was a title designated for the distant clansmen of the Qing imperial family. It was prefixed to a person's given name in the form "Gioro-i XX". When used as a title, its meaning and usage differed from those of the surname Gioro.
Overview
[edit]In 1636, Hong Taiji, the Taizong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, announced that the direct descendants of Taksi, Nurhaci's father who was posthumously honored as Emperor Xianzu, were to be designated as members of the Uksun (宗室, imperial clansmen). The descendants of Taksi's uncles and brothers were designated Gioro (覺羅, distant imperial clansmen). Members of Uksun wore yellow belts around their robes, whereas the Gioro members wore red belts, as privilege.[1]
However, the privilege could be taken away from disgraced members of the Gioro, who would wear purple belts and were placed at the very end of the book of imperial clansmen (玉牒, the Jade Register).[2] Meanwhile, unlike Uksun members who used imperial noble ranks (e.g. Prince, Imperial dukes, Imperial generals), Gioro, actually aligning with non-Aisin Gioro individuals, could only be awarded non-imperial noble titles (duke, marquis, count, viscount, baron, light chariot commandant, knight commandant, etc).[3][4]
Citation
[edit]- ↑ Zhu, Chengru (2002). 清朝通史 第3卷 (A General History of Qing Dynasty Volume 3). Forbidden City Publishing House. p. 511.
清顯祖塔克世(努爾哈赤之父親)以下子孫為「宗室」。 「蓋自景祖以上子孫,為之'覺羅」 ;與顯祖以下子孫,為之'宗室」。」宗室系黃帶子,覺羅繫紅帶子。
(in Chinese) - ↑ Li, Zhiting (1997). 愛新覺羅家族全書: 世系源流 (Complete Book of Aisin Gioro Family: Lineage and Origin). Jilin Renmin Publishing House. p. 23. ISBN 9787206026461.
宗室因罪革退者降束紅帶子;覺羅因罪革退者降束紫帶子。
(in Chinese) - ↑ Du, Youning (2022). 清朝科舉考試與旗人的政治參與 (Qing Examination and Bannermen Participation in Politics). 秀威出版. p. 44-45. ISBN 9786267088388.(in Chinese)
- ↑ Guo, Songyi (1994). 清代皇族人口行為與社會環境 (Behavior and Social Environment of Qing Imperial Clansmen). Peking University Publishing House. p. 120. ISBN 9787301025932.(in Chinese)