Ethalia
| Ethalia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Two views of a shell of Ethalia sanguinea | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Trochidae |
| Subfamily: | Umboniinae |
| Genus: | Ethalia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 [1] |
| Type species | |
| Rotella guamensis | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Ethalia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Umboniinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.[2]
Description
[edit]The species are moderate-sized. The orbicular shell is turbinately depressed. The whorls are convex, smooth or transversely striated, the last one rounded at the periphery. They have a mottled or streaked color-pattern. The umbilicus is partly closed by a callus deposit. The columellar lip ends anteriorly in an obtuse dilated callus. The callus emitted at the columellar-parietal angle of the aperture is tongue-shaped, closing the umbilicus except a rather narrow chink, or even entirely, in some species.[3]
(More recent description) The shell is relatively large for the subfamily Umboniinae (up to 25 mm in diameter); It is lenticular, globose-lenticular, or subglobose; the surface is smooth and glossy, or dull with fine, closely spaced spiral lirae; the axial sculptureis weak or nearly obsolete. The umbilicus is usually present, commonly bordered by a thickened rim and variably obstructed by a callus deposition associated with the umbilical funicle and parietal lip. The outer lip is simple, with a smooth inner surface lacking denticles or lirae. The operculum is corneous, thick, multispiral but only loosely coiled; whorl overlap narrow, the peripheral fringe is scarcely developed, and spiral microsculpture is absent. The radula is with relatively robust base-plates on both the rachidian and lateral teeth; inner marginal tooth transitional, bearing a reduced terminal cusp. Outer marginal teeth with 3–10 principal cusps, dominated by a large, bluntly lanceolate central denticle that is flanked basally on its outer side by one or two smaller accessory denticles. The ctenidium is bipectinate, with the anterior portion remaining free. [4]
Distribution
[edit]This marine genus occurs in the Central and East Indian Ocean, off East Africa, off Indo-Malaysia, and off Australia.
Species
[edit]Species within the genus Ethalia include:
- Ethalia anomphala D. G. Herbert, 2024
- Ethalia azorensis (R. B. Watson, 1879)
- Ethalia bellardii (Issel, 1869)
- Ethalia bysma Herbert, 1992
- Ethalia carneolata Melvill, 1897
- Ethalia catharinae Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006[5]
- Ethalia electra Herbert, 1992
- Ethalia gilchristae Herbert, 1992
- Ethalia guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
- Ethalia lampra (R. B. Watson, 1880)
- Ethalia minolina Melvill, 1897
- Ethalia montrouzieri (Souverbie, 1859)
- Ethalia nitida A. Adams, 1863 (uncertain > unassessed)
- Ethalia omphalotropis A. Adams, 1863 (uncertain > unassessed, use in recent literature not established by editor)
- Ethalia polita A. Adams, 1862(uncertain > unassessed, use in recent literature not established by editor)
- Ethalia rufula Gould, 1861
- Ethalia sanguinea Pilsbry, 1905
- Ethalia striolata (A. Adams, 1855)
- † Ethalia subpulchella MacNeil, 1961
- Ethalia variegata (Preston, 1914)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Ethalia (Ethaliella) Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of Ethaliella Pilsbry, 1905
- Ethalia africana E. A. Smith, 1904: synonym of Teinostoma africanum (E. A. Smith, 1904) (original combination)
- Ethalia atomaria A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Teinostoma atomaria (A. Adams, 1861) (original combination)
- Ethalia brazieri Angas, 1877: synonym of Rotostoma brazieri (Angas, 1877)
- Ethalia candida A. Adams, 1862: synonym of Leucorhynchia candida (A. Adams, 1862)
- Ethalia capillata Gould, 1862: synonym of Ethaliella capillata (Gould, 1862)
- Ethalia carinata P. P. Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Solariorbis carinatus (P. P. Carpenter, 1857)
- Ethalia diotrephes Melvill, 1910 : synonym of Teinostoma diotrephes (Melvill, 1910) (original combination)
- Ethalia floccata G. B. Sowerby III, 1903: synonym of Ethaliella floccata (Sowerby, 1903)
- Ethalia jucunda Melvill, 1904: synonym of Teinostoma jucundum (Melvill, 1904) (superseded combination)
- Ethalia lirata E.A. Smith, 1871: synonym of Leucorhynchia lirata (E.A. Smith, 1871)
- Ethalia multistriata A. E. Verrill, 1884: synonym of Solariorbis multistriatus (A. E. Verrill, 1884)
- Ethalia pallidula P. P. Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Teinostoma pallidulum (P. P. Carpenter, 1857)
- Ethalia perspicua A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Teinostoma perspicuum (A. Adams, 1861)
- Ethalia philippii (A. Adams, 1855): synonym of Monilea philippii A. Adams, 1855
- Ethalia plicata E. A. Smith, 1872: synonym of Leucorhynchia plicata (E. A. Smith, 1872)
- Ethalia pulchella (A. Adams, 1855): synonym of Ethaliella pulchella (A. Adams, 1855)
- Ethalia pusilla (H. Adams, 1869): synonym of Cancellaria pusilla H. Adams, 1869: synonym of Brocchinia canariensis Rolán & Hernández, 2009 (superseded combination)
- Ethalia pyricallosa P. P. Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Solariorbis pyricallosus (P. P. Carpenter, 1857)
- Ethalia rhodomphala E. A. Smith, 1903: synonym of Ethaliella rhodomphala (E. A. Smith, 1903) (original combination)
- Ethalia sobrina A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Lissotesta sobrina (A. Adams, 1861)
- Ethalia supravallata P. P. Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Teinostoma supravallatum (P. P. Carpenter, 1864)
- Ethalia tasmanica Tenison Woods, 1877: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758) (junior synonym)
References
[edit]- ↑ A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1853, p. 189.
- ↑ Ethalia H. & A. Adams, 1854. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 28 November 2012.
- ↑ Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
- ↑ Herbert, D.G. (2024). "The Umboniinae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae) of New Caledonia, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species, plus an additional new species from the Bismarck Sea". European Journal of Taxonomy (973): 7.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is under a CC BY 4.0 license. - ↑ Ethalia catharinae Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 1 May 2010.
- Wilson, B., 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA
- Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. (1999) Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-Bearing Mollusca of Japan. Elle Scientific Publications, Yao, Japan, 749 pp.
- Williams S.T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (2008) Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta 37: 483–506.
External links
[edit]
- Fischer P. (1873-1879). [continuation of Kiener] Spécies général et iconographie des coquilles vivantes. Volume 10, Famille des Turbinacées. Genre Turbo (Turbo), pp. i-iv + 1-128 (1873), pls 1, 28, 44-49, 53-54, 57-120. Volume 11, Genres Troque (Trochus, including Calcar), pp. 1–96, pls 37-86 (1875); 97-144 (1876); 145-240 (1877); 241-336 (1878); 337-423, Xenophora pp. 424–450, Tectarius pp. 451–459, Risella pp. 460–463, Index 464-480 (1879)
- Adams H. & Adams A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst.