ELOVL4

ELOVL4
Identifiers
Aliases	ELOVL4, ADMD, CT118, ISQMR, SCA34, STGD2, STGD3, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 4
External IDs	OMIM: 605512; MGI: 1933331; GeneCards: ELOVL4
Enzyme activity
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (human)
End	79,947,553 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (mouse)
End	83,688,330 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	skin of thigh; ; skin of arm; ; vulva; ; thymus; ; cerebellar vermis; ; human penis; ; skin of abdomen; ; secondary oocyte; ; postcentral gyrus; ; orbitofrontal cortex;
	Top expressed in
	skin of external ear; ; lip; ; skin of back; ; skin of abdomen; ; neural layer of retina; ; esophagus; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; umbilical cord; ; pontine nuclei; ; anterior horn of spinal cord;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity; protein binding; 3-oxo-arachidoyl-CoA synthase activity; 3-oxo-cerotoyl-CoA synthase activity; 3-oxo-lignoceronyl-CoA synthase activity; fatty acid elongase activity; very-long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; membrane;
Biological process	fatty acid biosynthetic process; fatty acid metabolic process; lipid metabolism; fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process; detection of visible light; sphingolipid biosynthetic process; fatty acid elongation, monounsaturated fatty acid; fatty acid elongation, polyunsaturated fatty acid; unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process; long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	6785
	83603
	ENSG00000118402
	ENSMUSG00000032262
	Q9GZR5
	Q9EQC4
	NM_022726
	NM_148941
	NP_073563
	NP_683743
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELOVL4 gene.^[5]^[6]

ELOVL4 is a member of a large family of fatty acid elongases (ELO) that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the elongation of long chain fatty acids (LC-FA) into very long-chain saturated (VLC-SFA) and polyunsaturated (VLC-PUFA) fatty acids, collectively known as VLC-FA (very long chain fatty acid).^[7]^[8] ELOVL4 and its products are found in the brain, skin, retina, meibomian glands, testes and sperm.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[8]^[12]^[13]^[14] Known mutations of ELOVL4 in humans cause diseases such as Autosomal Dominant Stargardt-like Macular Dystrophy (STGD3), spinocerebellar ataxia-34 (SCA34), skin deformities and seizures.^[9]^[5]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000118402 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032262 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 Zhang K, Kniazeva M, Han M, Li W, Yu Z, Yang Z, et al. (January 2001). "A 5-bp deletion in ELOVL4 is associated with two related forms of autosomal dominant macular dystrophy". Nature Genetics. 27 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1038/83817. PMID 11138005. S2CID 23672516.
↑ "Entrez Gene: ELOVL4 elongation of very long chain fatty acids (FEN1/Elo2, SUR4/Elo3, yeast)-like 4".
↑ Agbaga MP, Brush RS, Mandal MN, Henry K, Elliott MH, Anderson RE (September 2008). "Role of Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy protein (ELOVL4) in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (35): 12843–12848. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10512843A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0802607105. PMC 2525561. PMID 18728184.
1 2 Vasireddy V, Uchida Y, Salem N, Kim SY, Mandal MN, Reddy GB, et al. (March 2007). "Loss of functional ELOVL4 depletes very long-chain fatty acids (> or =C28) and the unique omega-O-acylceramides in skin leading to neonatal death". Human Molecular Genetics. 16 (5): 471–482. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl480. PMC 1839956. PMID 17208947.
1 2 Yeboah GK, Lobanova ES, Brush RS, Agbaga MP (2021). "Very long chain fatty acid-containing lipids: a decade of novel insights from the study of ELOVL4". Journal of Lipid Research. 62 100030. doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100030. PMC 8042400. PMID 33556440.
↑ Bennett LD, Brush RS, Chan M, Lydic TA, Reese K, Reid GE, et al. (April 2014). "Effect of reduced retinal VLC-PUFA on rod and cone photoreceptors". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 55 (5): 3150–3157. doi:10.1167/iovs.14-13995. PMC 4027810. PMID 24722693.
↑ Craig LB, Brush RS, Sullivan MT, Zavy MT, Agbaga MP, Anderson RE (July 2019). "Decreased very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in sperm correlates with sperm quantity and quality". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 36 (7): 1379–1385. doi:10.1007/s10815-019-01464-3. PMC 6642247. PMID 31073727.
↑ Butovich IA (March 2009). "Cholesteryl esters as a depot for very long chain fatty acids in human meibum". Journal of Lipid Research. 50 (3): 501–513. doi:10.1194/jlr.M800426-JLR200. PMC 2638107. PMID 18836212.
↑ McMahon A, Lu H, Butovich IA (May 2014). "A role for ELOVL4 in the mouse meibomian gland and sebocyte cell biology". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 55 (5): 2832–2840. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13335. PMC 4008046. PMID 24677106.
↑ Hopiavuori BR, Deák F, Wilkerson JL, Brush RS, Rocha-Hopiavuori NA, Hopiavuori AR, et al. (February 2018). "Homozygous Expression of Mutant ELOVL4 Leads to Seizures and Death in a Novel Animal Model of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Deficiency". Molecular Neurobiology. 55 (2): 1795–1813. doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0824-8. PMC 5820379. PMID 29168048.
↑ Bernstein PS, Tammur J, Singh N, Hutchinson A, Dixon M, Pappas CM, et al. (December 2001). "Diverse macular dystrophy phenotype caused by a novel complex mutation in the ELOVL4 gene". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 42 (13): 3331–3336. PMID 11726641.
↑ Maugeri A, Meire F, Hoyng CB, Vink C, Van Regemorter N, Karan G, et al. (December 2004). "A novel mutation in the ELOVL4 gene causes autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 45 (12): 4263–4267. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0078. PMID 15557430.
↑ Cadieux-Dion M, Turcotte-Gauthier M, Noreau A, Martin C, Meloche C, Gravel M, et al. (April 2014). "Expanding the clinical phenotype associated with ELOVL4 mutation: study of a large French-Canadian family with autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia and erythrokeratodermia". JAMA Neurology. 71 (4): 470–475. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.6337. PMID 24566826.
↑ Ozaki K, Doi H, Mitsui J, Sato N, Iikuni Y, Majima T, et al. (July 2015). "A Novel Mutation in ELOVL4 Leading to Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) With the Hot Cross Bun Sign but Lacking Erythrokeratodermia: A Broadened Spectrum of SCA34". JAMA Neurology. 72 (7): 797–805. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0610. PMID 26010696. S2CID 6416150.
↑ Bourassa CV, Raskin S, Serafini S, Teive HA, Dion PA, Rouleau GA (August 2015). "A New ELOVL4 Mutation in a Case of Spinocerebellar Ataxia With Erythrokeratodermia". JAMA Neurology. 72 (8): 942–943. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0888. PMID 26258735.
↑ Bourque PR, Warman-Chardon J, Lelli DA, LaBerge L, Kirshen C, Bradshaw SH, et al. (August 2018). "Novel ELOVL4 mutation associated with erythrokeratodermia and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA 34)". Neurology. Genetics. 4 (4) e263. doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000263. PMC 6066365. PMID 30065956.
↑ Xiao C, Binkley EM, Rexach J, Knight-Johnson A, Khemani P, Fogel BL, et al. (October 2019). "A family with spinocerebellar ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa attributed to an ELOVL4 mutation". Neurology. Genetics. 5 (5) e357. doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000357. PMC 6812731. PMID 31750392.
↑ Beaudin M, Sellami L, Martel C, Touzel-Deschênes L, Houle G, Martineau L, et al. (April 2020). "Characterization of the phenotype with cognitive impairment and protein mislocalization in SCA34". Neurology. Genetics. 6 (2) e403. doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000403. PMC 7073455. PMID 32211516.

Zhang K, Bither PP, Park R, Donoso LA, Seidman JG, Seidman CE (June 1994). "A dominant Stargardt's macular dystrophy locus maps to chromosome 13q34". Archives of Ophthalmology. 112 (6). Chicago: 759–764. doi:10.1001/archopht.1994.01090180057035. PMID 8002833. S2CID 23396964.
Stone EM, Nichols BE, Kimura AE, Weingeist TA, Drack A, Sheffield VC (June 1994). "Clinical features of a Stargardt-like dominant progressive macular dystrophy with genetic linkage to chromosome 6q". Archives of Ophthalmology. 112 (6). Chicago: 765–772. doi:10.1001/archopht.1994.01090180063036. PMID 8002834.
Edwards AO, Miedziak A, Vrabec T, Verhoeven J, Acott TS, Weleber RG, et al. (April 1999). "Autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy: I. Clinical characterization, longitudinal follow-up, and evidence for a common ancestry in families linked to chromosome 6q14". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 127 (4): 426–435. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(98)00331-6. PMID 10218695.
Li Y, Marcos I, Borrego S, Yu Z, Zhang K, Antiñolo G (July 2001). "Evaluation of the ELOVL4 gene in families with retinitis pigmentosa linked to the RP25 locus". Journal of Medical Genetics. 38 (7): 478–480. doi:10.1136/jmg.38.7.478. PMC 1757187. PMID 11474659.
Edwards AO, Donoso LA, Ritter R (2001). "A novel gene for autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy with homology to the SUR4 protein family". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 42 (11): 2652–2663. PMID 11581213.
Rivolta C, Ayyagari R, Sieving PA, Berson EL, Dryja TP (February 2003). "Evaluation of the ELOVL4 gene in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis". Molecular Vision. 9: 49–51. PMID 12592226.
Lagali PS, Liu J, Ambasudhan R, Kakuk LE, Bernstein SL, Seigel GM, et al. (July 2003). "Evolutionarily conserved ELOVL4 gene expression in the vertebrate retina". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 44 (7): 2841–2850. doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0991. PMID 12824221.
Vrabec TR, Tantri A, Edwards A, Frost A, Donoso LA (September 2003). "Autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy: identification of a new family with a mutation in the ELOVL4 gene". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 136 (3): 542–545. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(03)00227-7. PMID 12967813.
Ambasudhan R, Wang X, Jablonski MM, Thompson DA, Lagali PS, Wong PW, et al. (April 2004). "Atrophic macular degeneration mutations in ELOVL4 result in the intracellular misrouting of the protein". Genomics. 83 (4): 615–625. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.10.004. PMID 15028284.
Grayson C, Molday RS (2005). "Dominant negative mechanism underlies autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy linked to mutations in ELOVL4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (37): 32521–32530. doi:10.1074/jbc.M503411200. PMID 16036915.
Lai Z, Zhang XN, Zhou W, Yu R, Le YP (2005). "Evaluation of the ELOVL4 gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant STGD3-like macular dystrophy". Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 9 (4): 961–965. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00392.x. PMC 6740257. PMID 16364203.
Hubbard AF, Askew EW, Singh N, Leppert M, Bernstein PS (February 2006). "Association of adipose and red blood cell lipids with severity of dominant Stargardt macular dystrophy (STGD3) secondary to an ELOVL4 mutation". Archives of Ophthalmology. 124 (2). Chicago: 257–263. doi:10.1001/archopht.124.2.257. PMID 16476896.
Seitsonen S, Lemmelä S, Holopainen J, Tommila P, Ranta P, Kotamies A, et al. (July 2006). "Analysis of variants in the complement factor H, the elongation of very long chain fatty acids-like 4 and the hemicentin 1 genes of age-related macular degeneration in the Finnish population". Molecular Vision. 12: 796–801. PMID 16885922.
McMahon A, Butovich IA, Mata NL, Klein M, Ritter R, Richardson J, et al. (2007). "Retinal pathology and skin barrier defect in mice carrying a Stargardt disease-3 mutation in elongase of very long chain fatty acids-4". Molecular Vision. 13: 258–272. PMC 2633486. PMID 17356513.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 6 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000118402 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032262 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Zhang_2001-5] 1 2 Zhang K, Kniazeva M, Han M, Li W, Yu Z, Yang Z, et al. (January 2001). "A 5-bp deletion in ELOVL4 is associated with two related forms of autosomal dominant macular dystrophy". Nature Genetics. 27 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1038/83817. PMID 11138005. S2CID 23672516.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: ELOVL4 elongation of very long chain fatty acids (FEN1/Elo2, SUR4/Elo3, yeast)-like 4".

[7] Agbaga MP, Brush RS, Mandal MN, Henry K, Elliott MH, Anderson RE (September 2008). "Role of Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy protein (ELOVL4) in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (35): 12843–12848. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10512843A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0802607105. PMC 2525561. PMID 18728184.

[Vasireddy_2007-8] 1 2 Vasireddy V, Uchida Y, Salem N, Kim SY, Mandal MN, Reddy GB, et al. (March 2007). "Loss of functional ELOVL4 depletes very long-chain fatty acids (> or =C28) and the unique omega-O-acylceramides in skin leading to neonatal death". Human Molecular Genetics. 16 (5): 471–482. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl480. PMC 1839956. PMID 17208947.

[Yeboah_2021-9] 1 2 Yeboah GK, Lobanova ES, Brush RS, Agbaga MP (2021). "Very long chain fatty acid-containing lipids: a decade of novel insights from the study of ELOVL4". Journal of Lipid Research. 62 100030. doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100030. PMC 8042400. PMID 33556440.

[10] Bennett LD, Brush RS, Chan M, Lydic TA, Reese K, Reid GE, et al. (April 2014). "Effect of reduced retinal VLC-PUFA on rod and cone photoreceptors". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 55 (5): 3150–3157. doi:10.1167/iovs.14-13995. PMC 4027810. PMID 24722693.

[11] Craig LB, Brush RS, Sullivan MT, Zavy MT, Agbaga MP, Anderson RE (July 2019). "Decreased very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in sperm correlates with sperm quantity and quality". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 36 (7): 1379–1385. doi:10.1007/s10815-019-01464-3. PMC 6642247. PMID 31073727.

[12] Butovich IA (March 2009). "Cholesteryl esters as a depot for very long chain fatty acids in human meibum". Journal of Lipid Research. 50 (3): 501–513. doi:10.1194/jlr.M800426-JLR200. PMC 2638107. PMID 18836212.

[13] McMahon A, Lu H, Butovich IA (May 2014). "A role for ELOVL4 in the mouse meibomian gland and sebocyte cell biology". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 55 (5): 2832–2840. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13335. PMC 4008046. PMID 24677106.

[14] Hopiavuori BR, Deák F, Wilkerson JL, Brush RS, Rocha-Hopiavuori NA, Hopiavuori AR, et al. (February 2018). "Homozygous Expression of Mutant ELOVL4 Leads to Seizures and Death in a Novel Animal Model of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Deficiency". Molecular Neurobiology. 55 (2): 1795–1813. doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0824-8. PMC 5820379. PMID 29168048.

[15] Bernstein PS, Tammur J, Singh N, Hutchinson A, Dixon M, Pappas CM, et al. (December 2001). "Diverse macular dystrophy phenotype caused by a novel complex mutation in the ELOVL4 gene". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 42 (13): 3331–3336. PMID 11726641.

[16] Maugeri A, Meire F, Hoyng CB, Vink C, Van Regemorter N, Karan G, et al. (December 2004). "A novel mutation in the ELOVL4 gene causes autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 45 (12): 4263–4267. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0078. PMID 15557430.

[17] Cadieux-Dion M, Turcotte-Gauthier M, Noreau A, Martin C, Meloche C, Gravel M, et al. (April 2014). "Expanding the clinical phenotype associated with ELOVL4 mutation: study of a large French-Canadian family with autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia and erythrokeratodermia". JAMA Neurology. 71 (4): 470–475. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.6337. PMID 24566826.

[18] Ozaki K, Doi H, Mitsui J, Sato N, Iikuni Y, Majima T, et al. (July 2015). "A Novel Mutation in ELOVL4 Leading to Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) With the Hot Cross Bun Sign but Lacking Erythrokeratodermia: A Broadened Spectrum of SCA34". JAMA Neurology. 72 (7): 797–805. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0610. PMID 26010696. S2CID 6416150.

[19] Bourassa CV, Raskin S, Serafini S, Teive HA, Dion PA, Rouleau GA (August 2015). "A New ELOVL4 Mutation in a Case of Spinocerebellar Ataxia With Erythrokeratodermia". JAMA Neurology. 72 (8): 942–943. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0888. PMID 26258735.

[20] Bourque PR, Warman-Chardon J, Lelli DA, LaBerge L, Kirshen C, Bradshaw SH, et al. (August 2018). "Novel ELOVL4 mutation associated with erythrokeratodermia and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA 34)". Neurology. Genetics. 4 (4) e263. doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000263. PMC 6066365. PMID 30065956.

[21] Xiao C, Binkley EM, Rexach J, Knight-Johnson A, Khemani P, Fogel BL, et al. (October 2019). "A family with spinocerebellar ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa attributed to an ELOVL4 mutation". Neurology. Genetics. 5 (5) e357. doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000357. PMC 6812731. PMID 31750392.

[22] Beaudin M, Sellami L, Martel C, Touzel-Deschênes L, Houle G, Martineau L, et al. (April 2020). "Characterization of the phenotype with cognitive impairment and protein mislocalization in SCA34". Neurology. Genetics. 6 (2) e403. doi:10.1212/NXG.0000000000000403. PMC 7073455. PMID 32211516.

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ELOVL4

See also

References

Further reading