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Draft:StalinonTest

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  • Comment: Period and comma before not after <ref>...</ref>. Use straight apostrophe (') not curly (’). —Anomalocaris (talk) 01:37, 31 July 2026 (UTC)

The Stalinon is an ancient medicine against infections staphylococci, based on diiododiethyltin, withdrawn from the market when its toxicity was noticed.

History

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Design and distribution

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Stalinon was designed in the early 1950s as a treatment for furunculosis. Stannomaltine, a pharmaceutical specialty based on tin and tin oxide[1], then fell into disuse, but the effectiveness of tin in the treatment of conditions staphylococci has been known for a long time[2]. A pharmacist from Saint-mandéGeorges Feuillet then decided to create a drug based on diiododiethyltin, the experimental effectiveness of which against staphylococcus had been demonstrated a few years earlier[3], and oflinoleic acid[4] ("vitamin F", known to be good for the skin). He calls it "Stalinon" (of stannum, the Latin name fortin, and -linon to evoke linoleic acid extracted from flax), and argues its marketing by presenting it as a derivative of Stannomaltine, although it differs significantly. [5]

THEauthorization was granted in 1953, it was put on the market in November of the same year, sold without prescription. Anomalies appear quickly : the medicine is sold in the form of pearls (capsules) transparent, but ultimately tinted to hide the appearance of a precipitated which the distributor does not worry about, nor does it take into account the alerts it receives from doctors and pharmacists from mai 1954[6]. Faced with doctors' alerts, Feuillet wants to be reassuring, responding to them : {{citation}}: Empty citation (help) and limits himself to ordering, discreetly, to reduce the quantity of diiododiethyltin in future preparations[7]. The victims are suffering from disorders neurological : {{citation}}: Empty citation (help), as well as serious psychological disorders Template:Incise. The cases ofintoxication then accumulate, until the now undeniable toxicity of Stalinon is made public in juin 1954. Delivery of the product is suspended in juillet 1954[8]. The Stalinon then caused several hundred victims, 102 of whom died, many others suffering serious after-effects : loss of visual acuity, headaches chronic, motor disorders up to paralysis of the lower limbs[9] · [10].

Trial

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The ensuing trial highlights several serious flaws in the marketing procedure[4] :

  • the authorization was based on a modification of the formula of Stannomaltine, even though the two drugs have almost nothing in common[11] ;
  • toxicity tests were carried out by mistake with capsules containing 3 mg instead of 50 mg of active ingredient (the marketed version being supposedly dosed at 15 mg per capsule) ;
  • the toxicity of organic tin compounds can manifest slowly - the tests used were therefore insufficient to demonstrate this toxicity ;
  • due to verification defects on the part of the manufacturer and distributor, the medicine placed on the market was contaminated with triethyltin iodide[3], more toxic ;
  • the tin compounds were able to react with degradation products of linoleic acid[4].

The trial which ends in décembre 1957sentences the responsible pharmacist to two years in prison and a heavy fine.

Repercussions

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Regulation

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The investigation which took place during the Stalinon trial ended in the spring of 1957[1]. At the same time thebirth certificate of the European Union. This birth translates into a need for France to show that its laws meet international challenges : the Stalinon affair becomes an opportunity to be exemplary through a reassuring reform[2]. The regulation of medicines in France is amended in février 1959 after several years of debate to ensure greater control[12].

It is undoubtedly partly due to the Stalinon scandal that the marketing authorization of thalidomide, marketed from octobre 1957 in Germany, was pushed back to France[1] · [10].

Culture

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The Stalinon affair inspired the novel Market withdrawal, by Clement Caliari[13].

References

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  1. ^ a b c Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views)
  2. ^ a b Lalo, Corinne; Solal, Patrick (2011-11-10). Le livre noir du médicament (in French). Place des éditeurs. ISBN 978-2-259-21646-3. Retrieved 2018-11-21. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |pages totales= ignored (help)
  3. ^ a b Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views)
  4. ^ a b c Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views)
  5. ^ Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views)
  6. ^ Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views)
  7. ^ Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views).
  8. ^ Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views).
  9. ^ Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views).
  10. ^ a b Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views).
  11. ^ Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views)
  12. ^ Laure-Marine Chemin (2014). "L'évolution du rôle du pharmacien d'officine français en tant qu'acteur de santé".
  13. ^ Article ([[Special:EditPage/{{{1}}}|edit]] | [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] | [[Special:PageHistory/{{{1}}}|history]] | [[Special:ProtectPage/{{{1}}}|protect]] | [[Special:DeletePage/{{{1}}}|delete]] | [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links] | [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch] | logs | views)

Screen Shot of Wikipedia GUI editor apparently ready to save the content of this - translated fr Stalinon page - notice that the References section looks relatively good (though I think it would be better if some parts the refs had been left untranslated.)

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Références (Pasted, later, as plain text from the french)

  • Bonah Christian et Gaudillière Jean-Paul, « Faute, accident ou risque iatrogène ? La régulation des événements indésirables du médicament à l'aune des affaires Stalinon et Distilbène », Revue française des affaires sociales,‎ 2007, p. 123-151 (DOI 10.3917/rfas.073.0123)
  • Corinne Lalo et Patrick Solal, Le livre noir du médicament, Place des éditeurs, 10 novembre 2011, 351 p. (ISBN 978-2-259-21646-3, lire en ligne [archive])
  • Jean-Pierre Anger, « L'étain et les organoétains dans l'environnement », Annales de toxicologie analytique,‎ 2001 (lire en ligne [archive])
  • (en) British Medical Journal Publishing Group, « “Stalinon”: a Therapeutic Disaster », Br Med J, vol. 1, no 5069,‎ 1er mars 1958, p. 515–515 (ISSN 0007-1447 et 1468-5833, DOI 10.1136/bmj.1.5069.515, lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 21 novembre 2018)
  • Marc Cramer, « L'affaire du Stalinon et le contrôle des médicaments en Suisse », La Croix-Rouge suisse,‎ 1959 (lire en ligne [archive])
  • Christian Bonah, « L’affaire du Stalinon et ses conséquences réglementaires, 1954-1959 », La revue du praticien,‎ 15 septembre 2007 (lire en ligne [archive])
  • B. Poirot-Delpech, « " M. Feuillet n'est pas un imprudent, c'est un criminel " plaide Me Floriot, avocat des victimes », Le Monde,‎ 8 novembre 1957 (lire en ligne [archive]).
  • Bertrand Poirot-Delpech, « L'inventeur du produit ne contrôlait pas les livraisons de ses fournisseurs. Les médecins-experts sont d'accord sur les méfaits de la drogue », Le Monde,‎ 30 octobre 1957 (lire en ligne [archive]).
  • « La délivrance du médicament "Stalinon" est suspendue », Le Monde,‎ 6 juillet 1954 (lire en ligne [archive]).
  • Bertrand Poirot-Delpech, « La plupart des victimes sont des enfants », Le Monde,‎ 9 novembre 1957.
  • Soline Roy, « Une fabrication «abracadabrantesque» : Georges Feuillet, le pharmacien qui a tué 102 personnes en soignant leurs furoncles », Le Figaro,‎ 29 juillet 2026 (lire en ligne [archive]).
  • « Pourquoi certaines molécules sont-elles retirées du marché ? », sante.lefigaro.fr,‎ 14 novembre 2010 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 25 novembre 2018)
  • Laure-Marine Chemin, « L’évolution du rôle du pharmacien d’officine français en tant qu’acteur de santé [archive] », 2014
  • Anne Crignon, « Un scandale sanitaire », Bibliobs,‎ 23 mai 2011 (lire en ligne [archive], consulté le 21 novembre 2018)

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