Draft:Frederick Louis Pache
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Frederick Louis Pache | |
|---|---|
 Frederick L Pache 1871-1910 | |
| Born | 9 May 1871 Birmingham, England |
| Died | 19 March 1910 (aged 38) Birmingham, West Midlands, England |
| Occupations | Artificial Glass Eye Maker, Manufacturer |
| Known for | Artificial Glass Eyes Manufacturing Snellen's "Reformed Eye" using English glass |
Frederick Louis Pache (9 May 1871 - 19 March 1910) was an Ocularist and heir of the prominent and award winning family firm Pache & Son[1], which provided major UK hospitals with artificial glass eyes as well as the perfected Snellen "Reformed Eye". [2] [3] [4]
Early Life
[edit]Frederick was born in Birmingham in 1871, and the son of pioneering Ocularist Thomas Pache, during the city's booming industrial era. He was of Swiss-Huguenot ancestry, descending from an old historic bourgeoisie family of Morges in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The family having ancestral records dating back centuries involving local artisans, merchants, and businessmen. [5] [6]
His Grandfather Charles Lewis Pache, patriarch of the family, was the first to start the family business of Glassblowing during the late 1840's, specialising in artificial glass eyes, as well as Syringes, test tubes, foreign bird skins and insects.[7] [8] He was also related to Charles Henry-Pache, his great-great Uncle, who was a famous Pastellist and supplier to the Royal Society of Arts.[5]
As heir to the company Pache & Son, Frederick started working for the family firm when he was around 18 years old, learning the complex craftsmanship and skills involved in manufacturing and creating artificial glass eyes.[9] [10]
During the 1890's the family business had consolidated it's position as one of the countries leading artificial glass eye makers, and by 1900 had a complete monopoly in providing them to all major hospitals in the UK. This was mainly thanks to the quality manufacturing of their eyes and artistic details, as well as his father Thomas perfecting Snellen's "Reformed Eye" using English Glass, which at the time was considered extremely hard to achieve. [3] [11] [12]
By this time, the firm had upwards of 4,000 eyes in stock and ready to be delivered to any of their principal hospitals. They created glass eyes in various colours, sizes, and even morbid conditions. Due to their exquisite design and detail, they even supplied models to universities so that the various examples of diseases and conditions of the eye could be examined by the students. [13] [14]
Death
[edit]It was between 1908 to 1910 that Frederick contracted Pulmonary Tuberculosis, commonly known as Phthisis during this era. This was probably the result of living and working in the densely populated urban areas of Birmingham, where this disease spread rapidly. [15]
This lead to his rapid decline in mental and physical health during the next two years, being susceptible to bouts of delusion and aggression as his condition worsened, unfortunately resulting in a break-down of his marriage to Edith. [16]
It was in early 1910 that he had become profoundly emancipated, bedridden, and suffering from delusional insanity as a result of late-stage tuberculosis. It was because of this he was administered to the All Saints Hospital (Winson Green Asylum) on the 10th March 1910. However, he only survived for a further 9 days and passed away on the 19th March, aged only 38 years old. [17]
Once Frederick had passed away, Thomas disinherited Frederick's family from the company fortune, because of him disapproving of his marriage to a "commoner", leaving Edith widowed with 6 children. However, Frederick's children eventually all received a sizable inheritance from their Aunt Ella Pache, who had taken over the company for a time after Thomas' death in 1918 until it ceased to exist sometime in the 1940's. [18] [19]
References
[edit]- ↑ The Ophthalmic Review, [Volume XII, Page 4], November 1893
- ↑ https://eyemuseum.ranzco.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/History_V4_2.pdf
- 1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.college-optometrists.org/professional-development/college-journals/acuity/all-issues/summer-2025/an-art-and-a-science
- ↑ A short history of the artificial eye by H.E Henkes & G K Van Leersum
- 1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.pastellists.com/Articles/Pache.pdf}
- ↑ https://www.pastellists.com/Genealogies/Pache.pdf
- ↑ https://uncletomstales.com/a-virtual-tour-of-the-back-to-backs/a-virtual-tour-of-the-back-to-backs-part-25/
- ↑ Slater's Business Directory for Birmingham 1852
- ↑ The National Archives of the UK (TNA); Kew, Surrey, England; Census Returns of England and Wales, 1891; Class: RG12; Piece: 2408; Folio: 57; Page: 19; GSU roll: 6097518
- ↑ The London Medical Record; Volume XII; Smith Elder & Co.; 15 Waterloo Place; 1884
- ↑ Prosthetic Body Parts in Literature and Culture, 1832 to 1908 - Ryan Craig Sweet to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English
- ↑ http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/12586/1/H.E.%20Henkes%20%282%29.pdf - History of Ophthalmology by H.E Henkes (Page 353)
- ↑ The American Journal of Photography 1892 titled "ARTIFICIAL HUMAN EYES"
- ↑ Showell's Dictionary of Birmingham, by Walter Showell.
- ↑ Birmingham, England, All Saints Hospital Records, 1845-1931
- ↑ Library of Birmingham, Birmingham City Council; Birmingham, England, UK; Court records: Quarter and Petty sessions; Reference: PS B/1/1/4/9
- ↑ Library of Birmingham; Birmingham, England, UK; All Saints Hospital Records, 1845-1920; Reference Number: HC AS/10/1; Finding Number: MS 344/10/1
- ↑ Probate Record; 10 May 1919; Birmingham; and, hardcopy photocopy of Thomas Pache will.
- ↑ Probate Record; Birmingham; 24 May 1930; to Ella Beatrice Grimson, widow; Effects £528 2s 8d.
External links
[edit]- https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co8689575/ocular-prosthesis-artificial-eye-referred-to-as-stock-or-pre-made-eyes-of-the-reform-design
- https://www.college-optometrists.org/professional-development/college-journals/acuity/all-issues/summer-2025/an-art-and-a-science
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1769304/
- https://eyemuseum.ranzco.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/History_V4_2.pdf
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/396850/