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Draft:CocoStore

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
IFC Corporation[1][2]
↓
Cocostore Corporation[2][3]
TypeJoint-stock company
Unlisted
Industry6100
FoundedJune 1, 1972[3]
Key people
Representative Director and President: Hiroshi Morita[3]
ProductsConvenience store chain operations
Revenue¥46,298 million
(non-consolidated, fiscal year ending May 2015)
▲¥129 million
(non-consolidated, fiscal year ending May 2015)
An example store (Cocostore Kasukabe Kamihiruta Store)(Converted to FamilyMart after closing)
Cocostore Fujiyamadai Store — one of the first convenience stores in Japan. (September 2010)(Later changed to Tac-Mate, then closed)

Cocostore was a convenience store chain that once existed in Japan, as well as the corporation of the same name that operated it.[4]

Cocostore is known as the oldest convenience store chain in Japan, having opened its first store before Seven-Eleven.[5] (However, there are several competing claims as to which company opened Japan's first convenience store.)

On October 1, 2015, Cocostore Corporation was acquired by FamilyMart Co., Ltd. and became a wholly owned subsidiary.[6] On December 1 of the same year, Cocostore was absorbed and merged into FamilyMart, and the legal entity ceased to exist.[7]

At the time of the legal entity's dissolution, Cocostore operated approximately 800 stores.[8] Simultaneously with the merger, FamilyMart established the "Cocostore Business Integration Headquarters,"[9] and approximately 370 stores were converted to "FamilyMart."[10] On April 16, 2016, all shares of "Cocostore Retail" were transferred to the Mitsuiuroko Group.[8] Thirty unconverted stores were transferred to that company,[11] and on October 31 of the same year, the last two remaining stores in Okinawa Prefecture closed, and the brand name disappeared entirely.[10]

History and Overview

[edit]

From Izumi Food Chain to the Founding of Cocostore

[edit]

The company traces its origins to 1967, when Yamaizumi Shoka established "Izumi Food Chain" as a retail support business.[12]

On July 11, 1971, the headquarters of "Izumi Food Chain," a voluntary chain organized by Yamaizumi Shokai, opened its first convenience store[13] at 1854 Hakusan-cho Takamori, Kasugai, Aichi Prefecture,[14] (9-2-14 Iwanari-dai, Kasugai[15]) under the name Cocostore Fujiyamadai Store.

The name "Cocostore" was derived from the first letters of "Convenience" and "Comfort."[16][17]

The first store had a total floor area of approximately 330 m² and a sales floor of approximately 99 m².[18] In addition to a warehouse and office space of about 18 tsubo, it also featured a bread and cake oven facility of approximately 6 tsubo.[13] The store held all required licenses, including those for liquor, salt, and tobacco,[13] and carried a diverse product lineup including food items such as bread, confectionery, and general groceries,[13] as well as magazines and stationery,[13] general merchandise,[13] Sony electronics (televisions, radios, etc.),[13] photo development services (DPE), and approximately 1,500 product lines in total.[13] Payments to suppliers and other accounting functions were handled by the headquarters, so store-level bookkeeping was kept to a minimum.[18] Because no domestic convenience store at the time offered such a comprehensive range of facilities and merchandise, the store attracted widespread attention from the media.[19]

On December 11 of the same year, the first franchise store, Rakuda Store, opened at the entrance to the Nishirakuta housing estate in Inuyama, Aichi Prefecture.[20]

Independence as IFC Corporation and Reaching 100 Stores

[edit]

On June 1, 1972,[3] "IFC Corporation" was established and the convenience store division was spun off as an independent entity.[2] The corporate name was derived from the initials of "Izumi Food Chain" — IFC.[16]

Because the company had been founded with the goal of revitalizing liquor retailers who were being squeezed out by the rapid growth of supermarkets, it initially limited franchise recruitment to stores that already held a liquor sales license.[21] Due in part to the nature of voluntary chain operations, the company had projected that 200 member stores would convert to the Cocostore convenience store format by 1975, but the actual result was only 26 stores in total — 8 directly operated and 18 franchises.[22]

In the meantime, the company expanded into the Kansai region in November 1973,[23] and reached the 100-store milestone in November 1982 with the opening of the Izuhoya Store in Sakai, Osaka.[24]

Renaming to Cocostore, Systemization, and the Introduction of Area Franchisees

[edit]

In June 1985, the company changed its name from "IFC Corporation" to "Cocostore Corporation," unifying the store brand and corporate name.[2] That same year, it introduced the online ordering system "EOS."[25]

In August 1987, the Kyushu headquarters was established.[26] In September of the same year, Cocostore became the first user to adopt the integrated financial and distribution VAN system "Billing, Collection, and Payment System," jointly developed by Mitsui Bank, Mitsui Bank Software Services, and Fujitsu FIP.[27]

In June 1988, the company signed an area franchisee agreement with "Ikeda Liquor Sales" in Kagawa Prefecture,[28] and in October of the same year, the first Nagasaki Prefecture store, Nagae Store, opened.[29]

In April 1989, area franchisee agreements were signed with "Tominari Liquor" in Yamaguchi Prefecture, "Oita Prefecture Liquor Wholesale" in Oita Prefecture, and "Nakai Honten" in Wakayama Prefecture,[28] and in October of the same year, an area franchisee agreement was signed with "Kubo" in Okayama Prefecture.[28] That same year, a POS system was introduced.[25] On February 5, 1992, the company relocated its headquarters along with Morita and Izmic.[30] In April of that year, 500 stores were achieved,[31] and in June, a partnership was formed with Million Card Service to introduce Sires credit card payment.[32]

Expansion into Eastern Japan and New Store Formats

[edit]

In May 1993, the company opened the "Nishikojiya Store" in Ota Ward and began operations in Tokyo,[33] and in October of the same year, reached the 600-store milestone.[34]

In April 1994, Cocostore Tohoku was established in preparation for entry into the Tohoku region.[35] On July 3 of the same year, the Miura Store in Sendai became the first Cocostore location in the Tohoku region.[35][36] On December 1 of the same year, the Tokyo headquarters was established to accelerate store expansion in the greater Tokyo metropolitan area.[37][38] In May 1995, 700 stores were reached.[34]

During this period, in June 1994, the company opened the first Coco Gourmet store (Fushimi Store) and began developing new store formats.[39][40] On July 27, 1995, the "Coco Gourmet Kanda Shirocho Store" opened as the first Tokyo location for the new format.[41][42]

On April 26, 1996, the Minamisuna Fujii Store opened as the first franchise location in the Tokyo metropolitan area.[43] On May 14, the Shizuoka headquarters was established to strengthen store expansion in the region.[44]

Around the same time, on May 21, 1996, the company opened the first location of a new variety deli format, "Deli Ecco Club," at the Sasajima Store.[45] In April 1997, a new composite store format combining a pharmacy and convenience store was trialed with the opening of the "Cocostore Hajime Teikyo Daimae Store."[46]

In June 1997, a two-temperature integrated logistics system for chilled foods, prepared rice dishes, and bread was launched.[47] In July 1998, three-times-daily delivery of daily items and prepared rice dishes, along with joint bread delivery, commenced.[25] On November 11 of the same year, a logistics partnership was formed with Ministop to further strengthen the supply chain.[48]

In the meantime, bill payment collection services launched on April 20, 1998,[49][50] and in November the new ordering system "EON" was introduced.[51]

In May 1999, Kotobukiya Convenience Systems began providing technical instruction on freshly baked bread to Cocostore,[40] and that same month, the Coco Gourmet Meieki Sakuradori Store opened as the first bakery-equipped location.[52] On June 20, 2000, a business alliance was formed with Kyushu Convenience Systems (KCS).[53][54]

Business Expansion Through Acquisitions

[edit]

On April 23, 2001, Cocostore acquired 86.82% of the issued shares of Kasumi Convenience Networks, which operated Hot Spar stores, and made it a subsidiary.[55] In June of the same year, the company acquired Kyushu Convenience Systems, Kotobukiya Convenience Systems Co., Ltd. (later Everyman, now Cocostore West), and I&I Retail (a franchisee of Nicomart), bringing them all under its umbrella.[56][57] On July 1, Kasumi Convenience Networks was renamed Hot Spar Convenience Networks.[58]

During this period, on October 4, 1999, Cocostore began selling music on MiniDisc at select stores via a music distribution terminal called "Music Deli."[59] On May 13, 2001, the company opened "Scoco (S-Coco) Meieki Store," a convenience store format aimed at female customers, continuing to experiment with new retail concepts.[60][61][62]

On June 1, 2006, the company absorbed and merged the first-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks and Kyushu Convenience Systems. The second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks Co., Ltd., Everyman Co., Ltd., and Ric Support Systems Co., Ltd. took over chain operating responsibilities.[63]

In November 2007, the first store in the "Cocostore" brand operated by the second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks, the Ryugasaki Kawaradai Store, opened.[64] In March 2008, the conversion of all second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks stores to the "Cocostore" brand was completed.[65]

Partnership with Ministop and Integration of Tac-Mate

[edit]

On August 24, 2010, Cocostore West and Ministop entered into a business partnership agreement covering the Kyushu region.[66] In September, Cocostore West and Ministop began mutual product supply operations in Kyushu.[67] On December 16, all Cocostore East stores began accepting WAON electronic money payments.[68]

On August 18, 2012, the group entered into a capital and business alliance with Ministop,[69] and on April 2, 2013, Cocostore began handling AEON Group private brand Topvalu products.[70][71]

During this period, on June 1, 2012, the company also acquired the home delivery convenience store business Tac-Mate from Izmic, as part of broader group restructuring efforts.[72][73]

Declining Performance, Acquisition by FamilyMart, and Dissolution

[edit]

However, the company's early founding philosophy of prioritizing the revitalization of liquor retailers led it to avoid aggressive expansion strategies and the dominant strategy of concentrating stores in specific areas to boost brand recognition and distribution efficiency. This proved to be a liability, as Cocostore was unable to compete against the major chains' large-scale offensives in both store openings and private-brand development, and the company gradually struggled on the financial front.[74]

As a result, in the fiscal year ending May 2015, the company reported a net loss of approximately ¥100 million.[75] Concluding that survival as an independent entity was no longer viable, the company held a bidding process to find a buyer.[75] On August 15 of the same year, the capital and business alliance with Ministop was dissolved,[76][77] and the company was sold to FamilyMart for approximately ¥13 billion.[78]

On October 1, 2015, FamilyMart Co., Ltd. acquired Cocostore and made it a wholly owned subsidiary.[6] On December 1 of the same year, Cocostore was absorbed and merged into FamilyMart, and the legal entity ceased to exist.[7]

At the time of dissolution, Cocostore operated approximately 800 stores.[8] Simultaneously with the merger, FamilyMart established the "Cocostore Business Integration Headquarters,"[9] and approximately 370 stores were converted to FamilyMart locations.[10] On April 16, 2016, all shares of "Cocostore Retail" were transferred from FamilyMart to the Mitsuiuroko Group.[8] Thirty unconverted stores were transferred to that company,[11] and on October 31 of the same year, the last two remaining stores in Okinawa Prefecture closed, bringing the brand name to a complete end.[10][79][80][81]

As for the stores transferred to Cocostore Retail (now Mitsuiuroko Grocery → Mitsuiuroko Provisions), they maintained their existing product lineup and services, and from August of the same year were gradually renamed — in the Honshu and Okinawa regions to "Tac-Mate," and in the Kyushu region to "RIC Store" — with only the store name changing.[82] Many of the Kyushu and Kanto stores subsequently entered into a co-management arrangement with Poplar Group's convenience store brand "Seikatsu Saika."[11]

Additionally, on April 16, 2016,[8] the original first store — the Fujiyamadai Store — was transferred to the Mitsuiuroko Group.[83] It reopened on September 1 of the same year as Tac-Mate Fujiyamadai Store,[84] but closed on November 17 of that same year.[83]

History

[edit]
  • 1971
    • July 11 — The headquarters of "Izumi Food Chain," a voluntary chain organized by Yamaizumi Shokai, opens the first Cocostore location — the Fujiyamadai Store — in Kasugai, Aichi Prefecture.[13][1]
    • December 11 — The first franchise location, Rakuda Store, opens in Inuyama, Aichi Prefecture.[20]
  • 1972, June 1[3] — "IFC Corporation" is established as an independent entity spun off from Izumi Food Chain.[2]
  • 1973, November — Expansion into the Kansai region.[23]
  • 1982, November — The 100-store milestone is reached with the opening of the Izuhoya Store in Sakai, Osaka.[24]
  • 1985
    • June — The company is renamed from "IFC Corporation" to "Cocostore Corporation."[2]
    • The online ordering system "EOS" is introduced.[25]
  • 1987
    • August — Kyushu headquarters established.[26]
    • September — Cocostore becomes the first adopter of the integrated financial and distribution VAN "Billing, Collection, and Payment System," developed jointly by Mitsui Bank, Mitsui Bank Software Services, and Fujitsu FIP.[27]
  • 1988
    • June — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Ikeda Liquor Sales" in Kagawa Prefecture.[28]
    • October — The first store in Nagasaki Prefecture, Nagae Store, opens.[29]
  • 1989
    • April — Area franchisee agreements signed with "Tominari Liquor" (Yamaguchi), "Oita Prefecture Liquor Wholesale" (Oita), and "Nakai Honten" (Wakayama).[28]
    • October — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Kubo" in Okayama Prefecture.[28]
    • POS system introduced.[25]
  • 1992
    • February 5 — Headquarters relocated together with Morita and Izmic.[30]
    • April — 500-store milestone reached.[31]
    • June — Partnership formed with Million Card Service; Sires credit card payment introduced.[32]
  • 1993
    • May — "Nishikojiya Store" opens in Ota Ward; Tokyo expansion begins.[33]
    • October — 600-store milestone reached.[34]
  • 1994
    • April — Cocostore Tohoku established in preparation for entry into the Tohoku region.[35]
    • June — First Coco Gourmet store (Fushimi Store) opens.[39][40]
    • July 3 — Miura Store in Sendai opens as the first Tohoku location.[35][36]
    • December 1 — Tokyo headquarters established.[37]
  • 1995
    • May — 700-store milestone reached.[34]
    • July 27 — "Coco Gourmet Kanda Shirocho Store" opens as the first Coco Gourmet location in Tokyo.[41] (Closed in spring 1996.[85])
  • 1996
    • April 26 — Minamisuna Fujii Store opens as the first franchise location in the Tokyo metropolitan area.[43]
    • May 14 — Shizuoka headquarters established.[44]
    • May 16 — Coco Gourmet Gotokuji Store opens.[85]
    • May 21 — First "Deli Ecco Club" variety deli store opens at the Sasajima location.[45]
    • October 4 — Ikeda Liquor Sales spins off its Cocostore operations into a separate entity; Cocostore Kagawa Corporation established.[86]
  • 1997
    • April — The first composite store combining a pharmacy and convenience store, "Cocostore Hajime Teikyo Daimae Store," opens.[46]
    • June — Two-temperature integrated logistics system for chilled foods, prepared rice dishes, and bread launched.[47]
  • 1998
    • April 20 — Bill payment collection services launched.[49]
    • July — Three-times-daily delivery of daily items and prepared rice dishes, along with joint bread delivery, begins.[25]
    • November 11 — Logistics partnership formed with Ministop.[48]
    • November — New ordering system "EON" introduced.[51]
  • 1999
    • May — Kotobukiya Convenience Systems begins providing technical instruction to Cocostore on freshly baked bread production.[40]
    • May — Bakery-equipped Coco Gourmet Meieki Sakuradori Store opens.[52]
  • 2000
    • June 20 — Business alliance formed with Kyushu Convenience Systems (KCS).[53]
    • October 4 — In-store music MiniDisc sales begin via the "Music Deli" terminal at select stores.[59]
  • 2001
    • April 23 — 86.82% of issued shares of Kasumi Convenience Networks (operator of Hot Spar) acquired; Kasumi CVS becomes a subsidiary.[55]
    • May 13 — Scoco (S-Coco) Meieki Store opens as a women-oriented CVS format.[60]
    • June — Kyushu Convenience Systems, Kotobukiya Convenience Systems Co., Ltd. (later Everyman, now Cocostore West), and I&I Retail (Nicomart franchisee) acquired.[56][57]
    • July 1 — Kasumi Convenience Networks renamed Hot Spar Convenience Networks.[58]
  • 2002
    • August 2 — Affiliated company Southern Cross opens an Italian bar.[87]
  • 2005
    • April 14 — First Tac-Mate store in the Kanto region, "Tac-Mate Fujimi Ekimae Store," opens.[88]
  • 2006
    • May 12 — Industry-academia collaboration agreement signed with Aichi Gakusen University.[89]
    • June 1 — First-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks and Kyushu Convenience Systems absorbed and merged into Cocostore; second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks Co., Ltd., Everyman Co., Ltd., and Ric Support Systems Co., Ltd. inherit chain operating responsibilities.[63]
  • 2007
    • November — The first "Cocostore"-branded store operated by second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks, the Ryugasaki Kawaradai Store, opens.[64]
    • December 19 — Ishigaki Hirade Store opens; Cocostore begins operations on Ishigaki Island.
  • 2008
    • March — Conversion of all second-generation Hot Spar Convenience Networks stores to the "Cocostore" brand completed.[65]
    • August 1 — Edy electronic money payment begins at all stores in Okinawa (84 stores).
  • 2010
    • August 24 — Cocostore West and Ministop enter into a business partnership in the Kyushu region.[66]
    • September — Cocostore West and Ministop begin mutual product supply in Kyushu.[67]
    • December 16 — WAON electronic money payment begins at all Cocostore East stores.[68]
  • 2012
    • June 1 — Home delivery convenience store business Tac-Mate acquired from Izmic.[72][73]
    • August 18 — Capital and business alliance formed with Ministop.[69]
  • 2013
    • April 2 — AEON Group private brand Topvalu products begin being handled at Cocostore locations (excluding Okinawa).[70][71]
  • 2015
    • August 15 — Capital and business alliance with Ministop dissolved.[76][90]
    • September 1 — Subsidiaries Cocostore West, Cocostore East, and MICS Group convenience store operator MRC Corporation absorbed and merged into Cocostore.[91]
    • September 8 — Acquisition by major convenience store chain FamilyMart confirmed; plan announced to progressively convert most stores to "FamilyMart," excluding unprofitable and certain other locations.
    • October 1 — FamilyMart Co., Ltd. acquires all shares of Cocostore from Morita Enterprise; Cocostore becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of FamilyMart.[6]
    • December 1 — Cocostore absorbed and merged into FamilyMart Co., Ltd.; the legal entity ceases to exist.[7] The "Cocostore Business Integration Headquarters" is newly established within FamilyMart.[9]
    • December 9 — "Nishiki 1-chome Store" reopens as the first store to convert from Cocostore to FamilyMart.[92]
  • 2016
    • April 16 — All shares of Cocostore Retail transferred from FamilyMart to the Mitsuiuroko Group.[8]
    • August 31 — Official Cocostore and Everyman website closes.[93]
    • From late August onward — Most remaining Cocostore stores not slated for FamilyMart conversion are scheduled to be progressively rebranded to "Tac-Mate" (Honshu and Okinawa) or "RIC Store" (Kyushu).[82]
    • September 1[94] — First-generation FamilyMart Co., Ltd. absorbs and merges with Uny Group Holdings to form Uny FamilyMart Holdings Co., Ltd.[95] Second-generation FamilyMart Co., Ltd.Template:Refnest inherits the convenience store business.[94]
    • October 31 — The last two Cocostore stores remaining under FamilyMart's umbrella, located in Okinawa Prefecture, close.[10][79] Thirty unconverted stores transferred to Mitsuiuroko-affiliated "Cocostore Retail."[11]
    • November 17 — The Tac-Mate Fujiyamadai Store — formerly the original Cocostore first store — closes permanently.[83][84]

Stores

[edit]

Cocostore initially focused its store expansion on the Chubu region,[3] before pursuing a nationwide presence through area franchisees.[3]

Because franchise recruitment had initially been limited to stores holding a liquor sales license,[21] as of 1991, over 90% of Cocostore locations sold liquor — far exceeding the rates of Seven-Eleven (30%), Daiei Convenience Systems (now Lawson) (13%), FamilyMart (10%), Sun Shop Yamazaki (now Yamazaki Daily Store) (32%), and Circle K Japan (17%).[96]

As of the end of February 2015, Cocostore operated 57 stores in Aichi Prefecture, representing approximately 2% of all convenience stores in the prefecture.[75] As of the end of August of the same year, the total across the four Tokai prefectures had declined to approximately 90 stores,[97] reflecting the company's eroding market share in the Chubu region.[75] By contrast, Cocostore maintained higher market penetration in Okinawa Prefecture (approximately 106 stores, ~20% share as of end of February 2015),[75] Kumamoto Prefecture (approximately 90 stores, ~14% share),[75][97] and Ibaraki Prefecture (approximately 90 stores, ~7% share).[75][97]

Store Brands

[edit]
  • Cocostore — The primary convenience store format.[98]
  • Coco Gourmet — A fast-food-enhanced convenience store format, modeled after Wawa in the United States, with in-store kitchen facilities used to prepare and sell boxed lunches and side dishes.[99][100]
  • Scoco (S-Coco) — A women-oriented convenience store format that sold small in-house prepared bento and freshly baked bakery items, while deliberately not stocking products typically targeted at male customers, such as certain cosmetics.[60]
  • Coco de Cook — A convenience store format with in-store cooking, developed as a scaled-down version of the Coco Gourmet concept with a smaller kitchen footprint.[101][99]
  • Deli Ecco Club — An in-store cooking variety delicatessen shop format.[45]

Area Franchisees

[edit]
  • Cocostore Kagawa Corporation — An area franchisee agreement was signed with "Ikeda Liquor Sales" in Kagawa Prefecture in June 1988.[28] On October 4, 1996, Ikeda Liquor Sales spun off its Cocostore operations into the newly established Cocostore Kagawa Corporation.[86]
  • Cocostore Hiroshima — Operated by Okada Honten.[102] As of the end of the fiscal year ending May 1997, this franchisee operated 58 stores.[102]
  • Cocostore Keiji — Operated by Omi Liquor Sales.[102] As of the end of the fiscal year ending May 1997, this franchisee operated 20 stores.[102]
  • Nagasaki Regional Headquarters — Operated by Nagasaki Prefecture Liquor Sales.[29]
  • Oita Regional Headquarters — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Oita Prefecture Liquor Wholesale" in April 1989.[28]
  • Wakayama Regional Headquarters — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Nakai Honten" in April 1989.[28]
  • Yamaguchi Regional Headquarters — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Tominari Liquor" in April 1989.[28]
  • Okayama Regional Headquarters — Area franchisee agreement signed with "Kubo" in October 1989.[28]

Group Companies

[edit]
  • Cocostore East
On April 23, 2001, 86.82% of the issued shares of Kasumi Convenience Networks, which operated Hot Spar stores, were acquired, making it a subsidiary.[55]
  • Kyushu Convenience Systems
Acquired and made a subsidiary in June 2001.[56]
  • Cocostore West
Kotobukiya Convenience Systems Co., Ltd. was acquired and made a subsidiary in June 2001.[56]
  • Cocostore Retail — When Kyushu Convenience Systems was acquired in June 2001, Ryoyu Chain Support (a subsidiary of KCS) became a grandchild company of Cocostore as a result.[56] It operated stores under the "R Shop" and "RIC" brands.[103] After Cocostore Corporation was absorbed and merged into FamilyMart Co., Ltd., all shares of Cocostore Retail were transferred to Mitsuiuroko Provisions — a consolidated subsidiary of Mitsuiuroko Group Holdings — effective April 15, 2016.[104]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Distribution Company Yearbook 1984 Edition. Nihon Keizai Shimbun, October 31, 1983. pp451
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Seicomart's Akio Akao vs. Cocostore's Yuji Sawada: The Top Two Regional CVS Chains with a Focus on Liquor Sales, Their Leaders Discuss 'The Future of Liquor Retailers and CVS'". Shokuhin Shogyo, June 1990 (Shogyokai) (June 1990). pp132–146
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Masao Kawai. "Exploring the Secrets of Growing Companies: Cocostore Corporation". Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry Monthly Bulletin Nagono, April 1994 (Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry) (April 1994). pp27
  4. ↑ Kimihiro Onotani, Takeshi Ishihara (September 9, 2015). "The 'Pioneer' of In-Store Cooking at Convenience Stores: Voices of Regret as the Store Name Disappears — The Warmth Was Always at Coco". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). pp30
  5. ↑ "'The Birthplace of Convenience Stores' Is Here: Opened in Fujiyamadai, Kasugai in 1971." Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (February 1, 2010)
  6. 1 2 3 Cite error: The named reference chunichi-np-2015-10-2-7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. 1 2 3 Cite error: The named reference chunichi-np-2015-12-2-6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chiharu Itakura (April 13, 2016). "FamilyMart Transfers Cocostore Retail Shares to Mitsuiuroko". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). pp4
  9. 1 2 3 "'Being No. 1 in the Industry Is Not a Dream': FamilyMart Launches Cocostore Integration Headquarters Ceremony". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (December 4, 2015). pp8
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 "Farewell, Cocostore: Okinawa Is the Last — All Stores Close on the 31st". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (October 29, 2016). pp9
  11. 1 2 3 4 "RIC Store (formerly Everyman, Cocostore) Reorganizes Remaining Stores and Partners with Poplar Group". Toshoken News. Urban Commerce Research Institute. 2016-11-17.
  12. ↑ Masao Kawai. "Exploring the Secrets of Growing Companies: Cocostore Corporation". Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry Monthly Bulletin Nagono, April 1994 (Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry) (April 1994). pp26
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Brewing Industry Yearbook, Showa 47 Edition. Weekly Brewing Shimbun-sha, March 31, 1973. pp174
  14. ↑ Food Industry Yearbook 1978 Edition (Supplement). Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun-sha, June 30, 1978. pp215
  15. ↑ National Commercial Directory, 3rd Edition, 1985, Western Japan Vol. 1. Tsusho Sangyo Chosakai, March 1985. pp443
  16. 1 2 Tetsuro Hashimoto. Everything About Convenience Store Management, New Edition. Keiei Joho Shuppan-sha, June 20, 1984. pp82
  17. ↑ "Toyo Keizai Online: The Meaning Behind FamilyMart's Acquisition of Cocostore". Retrieved November 20, 2016.
  18. 1 2 21 Years of Franchise History. Tokyo Keizai, April 1986. pp383
  19. ↑ Shogyokai Edupack. Comprehensive Collection of Convenience Store Materials. West Japan CVS Council, 1975. pp88
  20. 1 2 Yukio Abe. Convenience Stores Growing in Japan. Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun-sha, May 20, 1972. pp113–117
  21. 1 2 Hiroshi Morita. "Cocostore's Management Strategy Aimed at Establishing a Unique Stance". Franchise Age, May 1998 (Japan Franchise Chain Association) (May 1, 1998). pp2
  22. ↑ Yukichi Takebayashi. "The Current State and Future Direction of Voluntary Chains and Convenience Stores in Japan". Shoko Kinyu, December 1975 (Small and Medium Enterprise Research Institute) (December 1975). pp14
  23. 1 2 Future Strategies for Retail Business 1. Weekly Brewing Shimbun-sha, March 1, 1975. pp40
  24. 1 2 Food Industry Yearbook 1983 Edition. Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun-sha, June 20, 1983. pp43
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hiroshi Morita. "Cocostore's Management Strategy Aimed at Establishing a Unique Stance". Franchise Age, May 1998 (Japan Franchise Chain Association) (May 1, 1998). pp4
  26. 1 2 "Cocostore to Enter Kyushu; First Store to Open in Fukuoka in October". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 1987-07-31.
  27. 1 2 "Mitsui Bank: Directly Linking Distribution and Financial VANs — Mitsui Bank Promotes Joint Software Development". Ginko Jihyo, October 1987 (Ginko Jihyo-sha) (October 1, 1987). pp46–47
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Complete List of CVS Area FC Developments in Japan". Shokuhin Shogyo, February 1990 (Shogyokai) (February 1990). pp192–193
  29. 1 2 3 "The Current State of VAN and POS Adoption in the Prefecture: Focusing on the Nagasaki Prefectural Liquor Retailers' Support Strategy for Small Shops". Nagasaki Keizai, March 1990 (Nagasaki Economic Research Institute) (March 21, 1990). pp14
  30. 1 2 Cite error: The named reference chunbu-zaikai-1996-3-92 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. 1 2 "Cocostore to Reach 500 Stores by End of April; Aims for 1,000 Stores in Three Years". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (February 17, 1992). pp2
  32. 1 2 "Events in the Franchise Business World in 1992". Franchise Age, February 1993 (Japan Franchise Chain Association) (February 1, 1993). pp8
  33. 1 2 "Cocostore Opens First Directly Operated Antenna Shop in Tokyo: 'Nishikojiya Store'". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (May 12, 1993). pp4
  34. 1 2 3 4 "Convenience Store Special Feature: Market Scale and Trends in the Convenience Store Industry — Franchise Terms by Company". Franchise Age, May 1996 (Japan Franchise Chain Association) (May 1, 1996). pp20
  35. 1 2 3 4 "The "Sendai Front" of Convenience Stores Intensifies — Liquor-Focused Chains Enter from Chubu — Kamei Adds Gas Station-Attached Format". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 1994-04-26.
  36. 1 2 "Cocostore Tohoku Opens First Tohoku Store, 'Cocostore Miura Store,' in Sendai". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (July 4, 1994). pp1
  37. 1 2 "Cocostore Establishes Tokyo Headquarters for Full-Scale Metropolitan Expansion". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (December 7, 1994). pp1
  38. ↑ "Cocostore Tokyo Headquarters Director Masaaki Jingu — Searching for Differentiation Strategies for Greater Tokyo Expansion (Spotlight)". Nikkei Ryutsu Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 1995-11-02.
  39. 1 2 "Cocostore to Franchise New-Type CVS 'Coco Gourmet' — Differentiating with Boxed Lunches and Side Dishes". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (September 30, 1994). pp4
  40. 1 2 3 4 "Company Challenge: Cocostore Corporation Partners with Kyushu Convenience Systems". Chubu Zaikai, September 2000 (Chubu Zaikai-sha) (September 2000). pp34
  41. 1 2 "Cocostore Opens First Coco Gourmet Store in Tokyo's Kanda District; Plans FC Expansion Next Year". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (August 4, 1995). pp4
  42. ↑ "Cocostore Adds Cooking Facilities to Convenience Stores — Freshly Made Boxed Lunches Drive Tokyo Expansion". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 1995-07-13.
  43. 1 2 "Cocostore Launches FC Operations in Tokyo; Coco Gourmet to Open in May". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (May 1, 1996). pp4
  44. 1 2 "Cocostore Opens Shizuoka Headquarters, Pushing Hard in the Tokai Region". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (May 17, 1996). pp4
  45. 1 2 3 Munenori Hotta. "Special Feature: Dining Out Trends in 1996". Quarterly Restaurant Industry Research, Vol. 14, No. 4 (Food Service Industry Research Center) (1997). pp80
  46. 1 2 "Pharmacy + CVS: 'Cocostore Hajime Teikyo Daimae Store' Aims to Develop New Field Ahead of Pharmaceutical Law Relaxation". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (May 30, 1997). pp4
  47. 1 2 "Cocostore to Launch Integrated Logistics for Chilled Items; Strengthening Original Fast Food". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (April 9, 1997). pp4
  48. 1 2 "News Box". Chubu Zaikai, December 1998 (Chubu Zaikai-sha) (December 1998). pp125
  49. 1 2 "Cocostore Launches Bill Payment Collection Service". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (April 20, 1998). pp4
  50. ↑ "Cocostore Also Begins Utility Bill Payment Agency Service (Information File) [Nagoya]". Asahi Shimbun. Asahi Shimbun Co. 1998-04-09.
  51. 1 2 "Events in the Franchise Business World in 1998". Franchise Age, February 1999 (Japan Franchise Chain Association) (February 1, 1999). pp25
  52. 1 2 "Cocostore (Nagoya): Strength in In-Store Cooking of Side Dishes and Bread (Thriving Regionally)". Nikkei Ryutsu Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 2000-09-07.
  53. 1 2 "Cocostore Partners with KCS and Others to Counter Major Chains". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (June 23, 2000). pp1
  54. ↑ "Two Mid-Tier Convenience Store Companies Form Alliance". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 2000-06-21.
  55. 1 2 3 "Cocostore Acquires 87% of Kasumi CVS Shares". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (April 27, 2001). pp3
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 "Cocostore Fully Integrates Kotobukiya CVS; Group Total Reaches 2,200 Stores, Ranking 7th in CVS Industry". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (June 22, 2001). pp2
  57. 1 2 Kenji Fujisawa (2001). "Retail: Destined to Evolve — The Supply Chain Systems Supporting the 'Winners'". Mitsui & Co. Strategic Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2003-07-01. Retrieved 2020-04-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  58. 1 2 "New President of Kasumi CVS: Fumihiro Sasaki; Name Change in July". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (April 25, 2001). pp2
  59. 1 2 "Cocostore Tests Music Sales Service at Three Stores". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (October 16, 2000). pp3
  60. 1 2 3 "Cocostore Opens 'Scoco' — A Convenience Store by Women, for Women". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (June 13, 2001). pp1
  61. ↑ "A Women-Oriented Convenience Store Opens — Cocostore in Front of JR Nagoya Station Sees Double the Usual Customer Traffic". Nikkei MJ. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 2001-06-19.
  62. ↑ "Here's a Women-Oriented Convenience Store — First in Japan, Opens in Front of JR Nagoya Station [Nagoya]". Asahi Shimbun. Asahi Shimbun Co. 2001-05-14.
  63. 1 2 "Cocostore Merges Group Companies; Integrates Merchandise and Administrative Departments". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (March 27, 2006). pp1
  64. 1 2 "Hot Spar Unifies CI Under 'Cocostore' Brand — New Strategy Following Withdrawal from Spar". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (December 12, 2007). pp4
  65. 1 2 "Cocostore East: Renovations Bring New Customers, Taspo Effect Also Noted". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (October 8, 2008). pp4
  66. 1 2 "Ministop and Cocostore to Mutually Supply Exclusive Products; Partnership in Kyushu". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 2010-08-24.
  67. 1 2 "Ministop Collaborates with Cocostore West in Kyushu — Development, Procurement, and Supply". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (September 1, 2010). pp4
  68. 1 2 "Cocostore Also Introduces WAON — Eastern Japan and Okinawa Regions". Nikkei MJ. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 2010-11-19.
  69. 1 2 "Capital Alliance with Cocostore — Ministop Takes 10% Stake in Subsidiary". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 2012-08-17.
  70. 1 2 "Cocostore Group Begins Handling 'Topvalu' Products from April". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (April 3, 2013). pp16
  71. 1 2 "Cocostore to Sell AEON PB Products". Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Nihon Keizai Shimbun Co. 2013-03-29.
  72. 1 2 Takuji Yokoyama (March 26, 2012). "Japan Food Service Association: Great East Japan Earthquake Response Presentation — Learn from the Lessons and Be Prepared". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). pp3
  73. 1 2 Cocostore Acquires Home Delivery Convenience Store Business. March 9, 2012. Chubu Keizai Shimbun[dead link]
  74. ↑ Jumpei Kiriyama (March 14, 2015). "Cocostore Seeks to Avoid Decline — FamilyMart Considers Acquisition, Eying Concentrated Openings in Chubu". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). pp8
  75. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jumpei Kiriyama, Wataru Shiraishi (September 9, 2015). "Mid-Tier Convenience Stores Up for Grabs — FamilyMart Acquires Cocostore — A 'Challenger's Ticket' Against Seven-Eleven — Competing with Lawson". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). pp8
  76. 1 2 "Ministop Dissolves Business Partnership with Cocostore". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.) (April 8, 2015). pp16
  77. ↑ Notice Regarding Dissolution of Business Alliance[dead link]
  78. ↑ "FamilyMart Announces Cocostore Acquisition". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (September 9, 2015). pp1
  79. 1 2 "All Cocostore Locations Cease Operations — Two Months Earlier Than Planned — Conversion to FamilyMart Ahead". Sankei Sports. 2016-10-31. Retrieved 2016-10-31.[dead link]
  80. ↑ "Thank You, Cocostore — The Last Store to Close Nationwide Was in Miyako Island". Okinawa Times. 2016-10-31.
  81. ↑ "Notice Regarding End of Operations at Cocostore and Everyman Stores" (Press release). FamilyMart. 2016-10-31.
  82. 1 2 "Cocostore to Rebrand as 'Tac-Mate' and 'RIC Store' by End of 2016 — Format Remains Unchanged". Toshoken News. Urban Commerce Research Institute. 2016-09-05. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
  83. 1 2 3 Cite error: The named reference chunichi-np-2016-11-15-e11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  84. 1 2 'Japan's First Convenience Store' Closes — 45 Years of History Come to an End (Excite Bit Coneta, November 17, 2016)
  85. 1 2 "Cocostore Opens 'Coco Gourmet Gotokuji Store' as Metropolitan Area Model — Also Offers Pre-Ordered Boxed Lunches". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (May 17, 1996). pp5
  86. 1 2 "Cocostore Kagawa Established; Plans 30 Stores by Year-End to Strengthen Logistics and Development". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (October 14, 1996). pp5
  87. ↑ "Cocostore Opens Italian Bar in Enoshima". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (August 28, 2002). pp3
  88. ↑ "Tac-Mate Advances into Two Kanto Locations; Trials Location-Specific Development". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (April 22, 2005). pp4
  89. ↑ "Boxed Lunch 'Industry-Academia Collaboration' — Cocostore and Aichi Gakusen University to Develop Women-Friendly Products [Nagoya]". Asahi Shimbun. Asahi Shimbun Co. 2006-05-13.
  90. ↑ Notice Regarding Dissolution of Business Alliance[dead link]
  91. ↑ Cocostore Group Companies[dead link]
  92. ↑ "Cocostore → FamilyMart: First Rebranded Store Opens Today in Nagoya". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (December 9, 2015). pp9
  93. ↑ Notice of Cocostore and Everyman Website Closure (FamilyMart, accessed September 19, 2016)[dead link]
  94. 1 2 Takeshi Ishihara (September 2, 2016). "Uny and FamilyMart Integration: Stronger Regional Focus — Shifting to Lifestyle-Proposal Supermarket". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). pp9
  95. ↑ "'Circle K' Ends After 36 Years — Announcement of Unified 'FamilyMart' Brand". Chunichi Shimbun (Chunichi Shimbun Co.). (February 4, 2016). pp3
  96. ↑ "Trends in the Food Industry". Canned Foods Journal, September 1992 (Japan Canners Association) (September 1, 1992). pp46–47
  97. 1 2 3 Cite error: The named reference asahi-np-2015-9-9-8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  98. ↑ "Cocostore Focuses on Core Cocostore Format; Leverages In-Store Cooking Know-How from Coco Gourmet". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (October 31, 1997). pp4
  99. 1 2 Hiroshi Morita. "Cocostore's Management Strategy Aimed at Establishing a Unique Stance". Franchise Age, May 1998 (Japan Franchise Chain Association) (May 1, 1998). pp5
  100. ↑ "Mid-Tier CVS Develops New Formats and Organizations — Cocostore to Enter Greater Tokyo in July with Coco Gourmet". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (June 12, 1995). pp1
  101. ↑ "Chubu Distribution Special Feature: CVS Top Interview — Cocostore President and Representative Director Hiroshi Morita". Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun (Nihon Shokuryo Shimbun Co.). (June 12, 2002). pp10
  102. 1 2 3 4 Katsuko Morimiya. "The Role of Retail in an Aging Society — Focusing on Convenience Stores". Management Review, March 1996 (Bunkyo Women's University Research Institute) (December 20, 1997). pp103
  103. ↑ "Regional Economic Survey: Convenience Store Conditions in Fukuoka Prefecture". Fukuoka Bank Monthly Research Bulletin, August 1994 (Fukuoka Bank) (August 1, 1994). pp4
  104. ↑ "Notice Regarding Comprehensive Alliance Agreement with FamilyMart Co., Ltd. and Others, and Share Transfer Agreement Regarding Cocostore Retail Co., Ltd" (PDF) (Press release). Mitsuiuroko Group Holdings Co., Ltd. 2016-02-18. Retrieved 2016-09-09.[dead link]

Primary Sources (Press Releases, etc.)

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