Draft:Andrea de Guttry

Andrea de Guttry (born 1957) is an Italian jurist and academic, emeritus professor of international law at the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa. His academic work has addressed emerging areas of international law and the development of adult-training methods.

Biography

Academic career

After completing secondary school at the Liceo Pellegrino Rossi in Massa, de Guttry enrolled in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pisa. He graduated cum laude in June 1980 under the supervision of Natalino Ronzitti, with a thesis on the protection of the Mediterranean Sea from pollution.

In 1983, he obtained a postgraduate diploma in international law from the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa.

In 1984, he received a fellowship from the Italian National Research Council (CNR) to conduct research at Rutgers University–Camden in New Jersey, United States, under the supervision of Tom Farer, who had also served at the United States Department of State as Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs. The research, which continued after his return to Pisa, resulted in the monograph Le rappresaglie non comportanti il ricorso alla forza armata nel diritto internazionale (1985).

He was a researcher in international law at the University of Trento from 1986 to 1987, and associate professor of international organizations at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Pisa from 1987 to 1996. From 1994 he held a Jean Monnet professorship in EU Law and Institutions at the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, financed by the European Economic Community. On 1 November 1996 he became associate professor of international law at Sant'Anna. From 1998 to 1999 he taught law of the sea and international humanitarian law at the Italian Naval Academy in Livorno. In 2004 he became full professor of international law at Sant'Anna, and in 2025 he was appointed professor emeritus.

Research and scientific work

Over the course of his academic career, de Guttry has authored more than 120 scientific publications in several languages, including books, edited volumes, articles and reports. His research has included topics that were relatively underexplored when he began working on them. One such field was the possible contribution of public-private and multi-stakeholder partnerships to the reconstruction of states affected by internal or international armed conflict. He served as principal investigator of the EU-funded FP7 project Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in Post-Conflict Reconstruction: The Role of the European Union (MULTIPART), coordinated by the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies. The Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research also funded the research project The Armed Conflict Between Ethiopia and Eritrea in International Legal Perspective (2007–2009), for which he was principal investigator. His research interests later extended to the regulation of the use of force in international law, the United Nations system, peace processes, the role of peacekeeping missions carried out by the United Nations, regional organizations and coalitions of states, and the phenomenon of foreign fighters.

From around 2010, his research increasingly focused on international rules concerning the prevention, preparedness and management of natural and human-made disasters. His work formed part of the development of what is commonly described as international disaster law. In subsequent years, legal questions concerning the management of natural and human-made disasters, including those related to climate change, became a more established area of international legal scholarship and contributed to the creation in 2018 of the Yearbook of International Disaster Law.

Within the field of disaster law, de Guttry also focused from 2018 on legal issues concerning preparedness, prevention and protection of populations and the environment from chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) risks. This research was conducted as part of a PRIN project funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, International Legal Obligations Related to Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Recovery from CBRN Events and Status of Their Implementation in Italy, for which he was principal investigator and project coordinator.

De Guttry has also worked on human-rights protection, particularly on legal safeguards for vulnerable actors. His research has considered both states facing the consequences of natural disasters or internal and international conflicts and individuals such as persons with disabilities, migrants, victims of crime and personnel working in insecure environments. This has been a cross-cutting theme of his academic work and, according to his biographical account, was influenced by his international travel, particularly in countries of the Global South. A recurring concern in this work has been the position of people in situations of temporary or permanent vulnerability and the need for legal protection adapted to their specific circumstances. His research has argued that protection of the rights of vulnerable persons requires both adequate international and national legal safeguards and broader cultural awareness of the needs and capabilities of persons with disabilities.

A related strand of his research has concerned the duty of care of international organizations towards personnel deployed abroad. This work examined, in a systematic way, the obligations of international institutions towards personnel sent to dangerous environments for activities including humanitarian assistance, post-war reconstruction, human-rights observation and promotion, and peacekeeping missions. The research addressed how international organizations should protect personnel deployed on high-risk missions.

Overall, de Guttry has directed or coordinated more than 350 externally funded research and consultancy projects, supported by public bodies including the United Nations, the European Union, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the African Union, the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, the U.S. Department of State, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), the Region of Tuscany, as well as private bodies. He is the author of more than 120 scientific publications in several languages, including books, edited volumes, articles and reports.

Advanced training activities

In addition to his research activities, de Guttry directed approximately 550 advanced-training courses connected with his areas of study, using both face-to-face teaching and, from an early stage in Italy, distance-learning methods. His work in advanced training can be divided into three main phases.

Between 1986 and 2000, one priority was the training of personnel, primarily civilians but also military and police staff, mainly from Western countries, preparing to work in countries of the Global South in missions ranging from humanitarian assistance and human-rights monitoring to peacekeeping and election observation. During that period, the number of field operations organized by the United Nations and regional organizations such as the European Union, the African Union and the Organization of American States increased substantially, involving a growing number of civilian staff entrusted with tasks including human-rights protection, post-conflict reconstruction and the rebuilding of national institutions. At the time, civilian personnel in particular had limited access to dedicated preparation for increasingly complex field assignments. De Guttry therefore developed ad hoc training courses for such personnel with the aim of improving the quality and effectiveness of international interventions.

In response to the growing demand for such training, the International Training Programme for Conflict Management (ITPCM) was established at the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies in 1995, with de Guttry serving as director until 2024. Within this framework, more than 400 training courses were organized, mainly in Europe and other Western countries and primarily for participants from Western countries, covering human rights, peacekeeping, emergency management and personal security. Activities connected with the programme were carried out in approximately 80 countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America, Central America and the United States and were funded by institutional bodies including the OSCE, the EU, the United Nations, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the World Food Programme (WFP), the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and the U.S. Department of State, as well as by private organizations.

In 2003, de Guttry launched the Master in Human Rights and Conflict Management at the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies and directed it until 2023. The programme was designed to prepare professionals for international emergency and field missions.

During this first phase of training for personnel deployed in difficult contexts, personal security became increasingly important. De Guttry's research and training work addressed both the need for international organizations to prepare personnel for dangerous situations and the definition of minimum content for personal-security training in hostile environments. His work contributed to the development of the content used in Hostile Environment Awareness Training (HEAT). Under the European Union's 2024 policy on training for the Common Security and Defence Policy, standardized and certified HEAT, or equivalent national training, is mandatory for personnel deployed to countries assessed as high or critical risk.

From around 2000, the principal target group of the training activities progressively changed. Greater emphasis was placed on local personnel in countries of the Global South, with the aim of strengthening national capacity to prevent and manage disasters and conflicts. Projects were developed with local partners and implemented directly in the countries concerned.

In cooperation with local partners, de Guttry designed and implemented research and training projects in a number of countries affected by internal or international conflict. These included Afghanistan, where the course Enhancing the Capacity of Public Administration in Afghanistan was held in Kabul in 2002–2003 with EU funding; Iraq, through the Election Officers and Voter Education Training Programme for Iraqi Personnel of the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (IECI), held in Jordan in 2004–2005 and funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the United Nations, as well as the course Constitutional Referendum of October 15, 2005: Training Programme for Iraqi Personnel of the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq, held in Jordan in 2005 and funded by the United Nations and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Sudan, through the project Promoting Community Stabilization in South Darfur State, carried out with the University of Nyala and supported by UNDP and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation from 2019 to 2023; Colombia, through a project carried out with the National University of Colombia and financed by the EU, Construcción Social e Institucional de la Jurisdicción de Paz en Comunidades del Eje Cafetero Colombiano (Bogotá, 2003–2004); Guatemala, through the Postgrado en Integración Regional (1991–1996, Guatemala City); as well as projects and activities in Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ghana, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Niger, Somalia (Somaliland), Ethiopia, Eritrea and Algeria.

In Ghana, the International Training Programme on Peacebuilding and Good Governance for African Civilian Personnel was implemented in Accra during the 2000s in cooperation with the Legon Centre for International Affairs at the University of Ghana and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, with support from the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In Algeria, activities included the Baladyas Governance Monitoring Project (2007–2008), implemented in cooperation with the University of Algiers. In 2011, a project funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation was launched to promote the rule of law through training for African personnel, particularly members of the judiciary in several African countries. Institutions that requested or collaborated in these activities included the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the United Nations, UNDP, UNITAR, the European Union and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

Following the interest generated by these programmes, de Guttry worked with other international bodies to design and, from 2016, direct the Master in Electoral Policy and Administration (MEPA) at Sant'Anna. The programme is intended to prepare staff of national electoral administrations, particularly from countries of the Global South, to manage the full electoral cycle according to international standards.

Training methodology was a further focus of these activities. Alongside the selection of teaching techniques for different participant profiles, distance-learning methodologies became an important component. The Master in Electoral Policy and Administration, launched in 2016, was among the first university-level master's programmes in its field to be offered entirely at a distance and in four languages: English, French, Portuguese and Arabic. Distance delivery enabled personnel already working within national electoral commissions to participate while remaining in service. The programme was intended to strengthen their knowledge and skills in electoral administration. Similarly, online courses delivered in Farsi in 2023 and 2024 on General Principles of Transitional Justice were attended by more than 1,000 participants, facilitated by the possibility of remote participation.

Institutional appointments

De Guttry served as head of the legislative office supporting the Italian Minister for Community Policies from October 1998 to April 2000, first under Minister Enrico Letta and then under Minister Patrizia Toia.

From 26 April 2000 to 11 June 2001, he was head of the legislative office of the Ministry of Foreign Trade. During the same period, he was also a member of the executive committee of the Italian Institute for Foreign Trade Insurance Services (SACE).

He was a member of the Human Rights Committee at the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2012.

He participated in several election-observation missions organized by the OSCE, the United Nations and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including missions in the Russian Federation and South Africa.

From 2019 to 2024, he represented Italy in the EU Civilian Training Group, a configuration of the EU Civilian Committee.

At the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, he held a number of institutional positions: director of the International Training Programme for Conflict Management (1996–2024); director of the Master of Arts in Human Rights and Conflict Management (2007–2018); director of the International Research Laboratory on Conflict, Development and Global Politics (CDG) (2008–2014); director of the School's Advanced Training Division and vice-rector with responsibility for advanced training (2013–2020); director of the Master of Arts in Electoral Policy and Administration (2014–2024); member of the Academic Senate (2013–2020); director of the DIRPOLIS Institute (2014–2020); member of the Recruitment Committee (2021–2022); member of the board of directors of the Cavallini Foundation (from 2021); coordinator of the Quality Assurance Unit (2022–2024); and member of the Disciplinary Committee (2023–2024).

He has taught at universities and research centres in Italy and abroad. Since 2021, he has served as a co-editor-in-chief of The Italian Review of International and Comparative Law.

Selected works

Recent books

• de Guttry, Andrea; Frulli, Micaela; Casolari, Federico; Poli, Ludovica (2022). International Law and Chemical, Biological, Radio-Nuclear (CBRN) Events: Towards an All-Hazards Approach. Leiden and Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-50799-9.
• de Guttry, Andrea; Post, Harry H. G.; Venturini, Gabriella (2021). The 1998–2000 Eritrea-Ethiopia War and Its Aftermath in International Legal Perspective (2nd ed.). Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-439-6.
• de Guttry, Andrea; Frulli, Micaela; Greppi, Edoardo; Macchi, Chiara (2018). The Duty of Care of International Organizations Towards Their Civilian Personnel: Legal Obligations and Implementation Challenges. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press.
• Capone, Francesca; de Guttry, Andrea; Paulussen, Christophe (2016). Foreign Fighters under International Law and Beyond. T.M.C. Asser Press / Springer.
• de Guttry, Andrea; Sommario, Emanuele; Zhu, Li (2014). China's and Italy's Participation in Peacekeeping Operations: Existing Models, Emerging Challenges. London: Lexington Books.
• de Guttry, Andrea; Gestri, Marco; Venturini, Gabriella (2012). International Disaster Response Law. T.M.C. Asser Press / Springer.
• de Guttry, Andrea; Pagani, Fabrizio (2010). Le Nazioni Unite. Sviluppo e riforma del sistema di sicurezza collettiva (in Italian) (2nd ed.). Bologna: Il Mulino.

Further reading

The following works were also included among the references in the source text:

• de Guttry, Andrea (1987). Verso un mercato finanziario europeo? La disciplina giuridica della circolazione dei capitali nella CEE (in Italian). Bologna: Il Mulino.
• Calamia, A. M.; Mengozzi, P.; Ronzitti, N., eds. (1984). I rapporti di vicinato tra Italia e Jugoslavia (in Italian). Milan: Giuffrè.
• Ronzitti, N.; de Guttry, A., eds. (1987). I rapporti di vicinato tra Italia e Austria (in Italian). Milan: Giuffrè.
• Ronzitti, N.; de Guttry, A., eds. (1989). I rapporti di vicinato tra Italia e Svizzera (in Italian). Milan: Giuffrè.
• Ronzitti, N.; de Guttry, A., eds. (1994). I rapporti di vicinato tra Italia e Francia (in Italian). Padua: CEDAM.
• de Guttry, Andrea (1992). El proceso de integración de Centroamerica (in Spanish). Guatemala City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• de Guttry, Andrea (1994). Lo status della nave da guerra in tempo di pace. Regime della navigazione e disciplina delle attività coercitive. Profili di diritto internazionale (in Italian). Milan: Giuffrè.