Draft:Amorphous solid dispersion
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An **amorphous solid dispersion** (ASD) is a pharmaceutical formulation in which a drug is incorporated into a solid carrier, usually a polymer, without its usual crystalline structure. It is used to improve the dissolution and oral absorption of drugs that dissolve poorly in water.[1]
The amorphous form can produce higher dissolved drug concentrations than the crystalline form. The polymer helps keep the drug from crystallizing during storage and may also delay precipitation after the formulation dissolves. Spray drying and hot-melt extrusion are two widely used methods of making these dispersions.[1]
Physical stability is a major limitation. The drug can crystallize or separate from the polymer, changing the formulation’s dissolution behaviour. The choice of polymer, drug loading and manufacturing conditions therefore affects whether the dispersion retains its properties during storage.[1,2]
References
[edit]1. Bhujbal SV, et al. “Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersion: A review of manufacturing strategies.” *Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B*. 2021;11(8):2505–2536. [doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.014](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.014). 2. Baghel S, Cathcart H, O’Reilly NJ. “Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Review of Amorphization, Crystallization, Stabilization, Solid-State Characterization, and Aqueous Solubilization of Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II Drugs.” *Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences*. 2016;105(9):2527–2544. [doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.008](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.008).