Delta E effect
The Delta E (ΔE) effect is a magnetomechanical effect. The name refers to changes in the effective elastic moduli of a magnetostrictive material, particularly the Young's modulus E, when a magnetic field is applied to a material.
This effect is connected to the tendency of a previously bent rod, made of magnetostrictive material, to straighten when subjected to a magnetic field applied along the rod's axis.[1] This macroscopic effect is sometimes called the Guillemin effect, attributed to Claude-Marie Guillemin who first discussed the effect in 1846.[2][3][4] The first explanations to the ΔE effect were given in the 1930s.[5]
Description
[edit]The ΔE effect is often just considered in terms of a change of the effective Young modulus of a material under the application of a magnetic field. It is a consequence of the geometry and magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic domains.[6] The Young's modulus changes from zero field to saturation.[6] The change in theYoung's modulus ΔE is written as
where is the Young modulus at saturation and is the Young modulus in the unsaturated state.[6] The effect is more general than this, and leads to changes in the values of all components of the elastic modulus tensor in a magnetic field.[7]
Applications
[edit]The ΔE effect is used in applications to build actuators and sensors.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ Garshelis, Ivan J.; Kari, Ryan J. (2017). "Stimulating Vibration in Magnetoelastic Beams by the Circumferential Fields of Conducted Currents". IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 53 (7): 1–10. Bibcode:2017ITM....5374604G. doi:10.1109/TMAG.2017.2674604. ISSN 0018-9464.
- ↑ A. Guillemin, Compte rend., 22, p. 264 and 432, 1846
- ↑ Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles: Tables générales des auteurs et des matières de 1846 à 1878 (in French). 1886. p. 130.
- ↑ Mellor, Joseph William (1960). A comprehensive treatise on inorganic and theoretical chemistry. Internet Archive. London : Longmans. p. 277.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ↑ Bozorth, Richard M. (1951). Ferromagnetism. New York: Van Nostrand. p. 684.
- 1 2 3 4 Chopra, Inderjit; Sirohi, Jayant (2014). Smart Structures Theory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86657-6.
- ↑ Spetzler, Benjamin; Golubeva, Elizaveta V.; Friedrich, Ron-Marco; Zabel, Sebastian; Kirchhof, Christine; Meyners, Dirk; McCord, Jeffrey; Faupel, Franz (2021-03-12). "Magnetoelastic Coupling and Delta-E Effect in Magnetoelectric Torsion Mode Resonators". Sensors. 21 (6): 2022. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.2022S. doi:10.3390/s21062022. ISSN 1424-8220. PMC 7999320. PMID 33809318.