DNA-SCARS
DNA-SCARS (short for DNA segments with chromatin alterations reinforcing senescence) are nuclear substructures with persistent DNA damage and DNA damage response proteins found in senescent cells. DNA-SCARS are associated with PML nuclear bodies and the accumulation of activated ATM, ATR, CHK2 and p53 proteins. DNA-SCARS lack most of the characteristics of transient, reversible DNA damage foci, such as single-stranded DNA, active DNA synthesis, and DNA repair proteins RPA and RAD51.[1] Telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIF) are generally associated with DNA-SCARS.[1]
Together with senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), DNA-SCARS are one of the most prevalent nuclear markers of cellular senescence.[2]
History
[edit]DNA-SCARS were discovered by Judith Campisi and colleagues, who first described them in 2011, although most of their characteristics were previously known.[1]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 Rodier, F; Muñoz, DP; Teachenor, R; Chu, V; Le, O; Bhaumik, D; Coppé, JP; Campeau, E; Beauséjour, CM; Kim, SH; Davalos, AR; Campisi, J (1 January 2011). "DNA-SCARS: distinct nuclear structures that sustain damage-induced senescence growth arrest and inflammatory cytokine secretion". Journal of Cell Science. 124 (Pt 1): 68–81. doi:10.1242/jcs.071340. PMC 3001408. PMID 21118958.
- ↑ Rodier, F.; Campisi, J. (14 February 2011). "Four faces of cellular senescence". The Journal of Cell Biology. 192 (4): 547–556. doi:10.1083/jcb.201009094. PMC 3044123. PMID 21321098.