Copaene
 (−)-α-Copaene | |
 (−)-β-Copaene | |
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| IUPAC name
α: (1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-8-isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene | |
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| Properties | |
| C15H24 | |
| Molar mass | 204.357 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 0.939 g/mL |
| Boiling point | 124 °C (255 °F; 397 K) (15 mmHg) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Copaene, or more precisely, α-copaene, is the common (or trivial) chemical name of an oily liquid hydrocarbon that is found in a number of essential oil-producing plants. The name is derived from that of the resin-producing tropical copaiba tree, Copaifera langsdorffii, from which the compound was first isolated in 1914. Its structure, including the chirality, was determined in 1963.[1] The double-bond isomer with an exocyclic-methylene group, β-copaene, was first reported in 1967.[2]
Chemically, the copaenes are tricyclic sesquiterpenes. The molecules are chiral, and the α-copaene enantiomer most commonly found in higher plants exhibits a negative optical rotation of about −6°. The rare (+)-α-copaene is also found in small amounts in some plants. (+)-α-copaene is of economic significance because it is strongly attracting to an agricultural pest, the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata.[3]
References
[edit]- ↑ V.H. Kapadia; Nagasampagi, B.A.; Naik, V.G.; Dev, Sukh; et al. (1963). "Structure of mustakone and copaene". Tetrahedron Letters. 4 (28): 1933. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90945-1.
- ↑ L. Westfelt; Westfelt, Lars; Sky, K.; Nilsson, Åke; Theorell, H.; Blinc, R.; Paušak, S.; Ehrenberg, L.; Dumanović, J. (1967). "Beta-Copaene and beta-Ylangene, Minor Sesquiterpenes of the Wood of Pinus silvestris L. And of Swedish Sulphate Turpentine". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 21: 152. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0152.
- ↑ R. Nishida; Shelly, Todd E.; Whittier, Timothy S.; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.; et al. (2000). "α-Copaene, A Potential Rendezvous Cue for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata?". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 26: 87. doi:10.1023/A:1005489411397. S2CID 44000579.