Commutativity of conjunction

In propositional logic, the commutativity of conjunction is a valid argument form and truth-functional tautology. It is considered to be a law of classical logic. It is the principle that the conjuncts of a logical conjunction may switch places with each other, while preserving the truth-value of the resulting proposition.

Formal notation

Commutativity of conjunction can be expressed in sequent notation as:

$(P\land Q)\vdash (Q\land P)$

and

$(Q\land P)\vdash (P\land Q)$

where $\vdash$ is a metalogical symbol meaning that $(Q\land P)$ is a syntactic consequence of $(P\land Q)$, in the one case, and $(P\land Q)$ is a syntactic consequence of $(Q\land P)$ in the other, in some logical system;

or in rule form:

${\frac {P\land Q}{\therefore Q\land P}}$

and

${\frac {Q\land P}{\therefore P\land Q}}$

where the rule is that wherever an instance of "$(P\land Q)$" appears on a line of a proof, it can be replaced with "$(Q\land P)$" and wherever an instance of "$(Q\land P)$" appears on a line of a proof, it can be replaced with "$(P\land Q)$";

or as the statement of a truth-functional tautology or theorem of propositional logic:

$(P\land Q)\to (Q\land P)$

and

$(Q\land P)\to (P\land Q)$

where $P$ and $Q$ are propositions expressed in some formal system.

Generalized principle

For any propositions H₁, H₂, ... H_n, and permutation σ(n) of the numbers 1 through n, it is the case that:

H₁ $\land$ H₂ $\land$ ... $\land$ H_n

is equivalent to

H_σ(1) $\land$ H_σ(2) $\land$ H_σ(n).

For example, if H₁ is

It is raining

H₂ is

Socrates is mortal

and H₃ is

2+2=4

then

It is raining and Socrates is mortal and 2+2=4

is equivalent to

Socrates is mortal and 2+2=4 and it is raining

and the other orderings of the predicates.