Coenonympha

Coenonympha
	Coenonympha darwiniana imago
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Clade:	Pancrustacea
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Tribe:	Satyrini
Subtribe:	Coenonymphina
Genus:	Coenonympha; Hübner, 1819
Species
	Numerous, see text

Coenonympha is a butterfly genus belonging to the Coenonymphina, a subtribe of the browns (Satyrinae). The latter are a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies (Nymphalidae). As a rule, Palearctic species are colloquially called heaths, while Nearctic ones are called ringlets. Neither term is limited to members of this genus, however.

Selected species

Listed alphabetically:^[1]

Coenonympha amaryllis Stoll, 1782
Coenonympha ampelos Edwards, 1871 – northwest ringlet
Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus, 1761) – pearly heath
Coenonympha arcanioides Pierret, 1837 – Moroccan pearly heath
Coenonympha caeca Staudinger, 1886
Coenonympha california Westwood, 1851 – California ringlet
Coenonympha corinna (Hübner, 1804) – Corsican heath [Corsica, Sardinia, Elba]
Coenonympha darwiniana Staudinger, 1871 (sometimes in C. gardetta, or C. arcania × C. gardetta)
- Coenonympha (darwiniana) macromma Turati & Verity 1910
Coenonympha × decolorata Wagner, 1913 (= C. mahometana × C. sunbecca)
Coenonympha dorus (Esper, 1782) – dusky heath
Coenonympha fettigii Oberthür, 1874
Coenonympha gardetta (de Prunner, 1798) – Alpine heath [Alps, northern Balkans]
Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen, 1788) – chestnut heath
Coenonympha haydenii Edwards, 1872 – Hayden's ringlet, Wyoming ringlet, Yellowstone ringlet
Coenonympha hero (Linnaeus, 1761) – scarce heath
Coenonympha inornata Edwards, 1861 – prairie ringlet
Coenonympha iphioides Staudinger, 1870 – Spanish heath
Coenonympha kodiak Edwards, 1869 – Kodiak ringlet
Coenonympha leander Esper, 1784 – Russian heath
Coenonympha mahometana Alphéraky, 1881
Coenonympha mangeri Bang Haas, 1927
Coenonympha mongolica Alphéraky, 1881
Coenonympha nipisiquit McDunnough, 1939 – maritime ringlet
Coenonympha nolckeni Erschoff, 1874
Coenonympha ochracea Edwards, 1861 – ocher ringlet
Coenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) – false ringlet
Coenonympha orientalis Rebel, 1909
Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) – small heath
Coenonympha pavonina Alphéraky, 1888
Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes, 1900 – eastern large heath [Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, N.Greece, Yugoslavia]
Coenonympha saadi Kollar, 1849
Coenonympha semenovi Alphéraky, 1887
Coenonympha sinica Alphéraky, 1888
Coenonympha sunbecca Eversmann, 1843
Coenonympha symphita Lederer, 1870
Coenonympha thyrsis Freyer, 1845
Coenonympha tullia (Müller, 1764) – large heath, common ringlet
Coenonympha tydeus Leech, 1892
Coenonympha vaucheri Blachier, 1905 – Vaucher's heath
Coenonympha xinjiangensis Chou & Huang, 1994