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Buyan-M-class corvette

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The corvette Grad Sviyazhsk
Class overview
NameBuyan-M class
BuildersZelenodolsk Plant Gorky
Operators Russian Navy
Preceded by
Succeeded byKarakurt class
Built2010–present
In commission2014–present
Planned12
Completed12
Active12
Lost0
General characteristics
TypeGuided-missile corvette
Displacement
  • 850 t (840 long tons) (standard)
  • 949 t (934 long tons) (full)[1]
Length75 m (246 ft 1 in)[1]
Beam11 m (36 ft 1 in)[1]
Height6.57 m (21 ft 7 in)
Draft2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)[1]
Propulsion2 shaft CODAD, 4 × Zvezda M520, 10,875 kW (14,584 shp) and Kolomna Diesel, Pumpjet.
Speed26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph)[1]
Range2,300 nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)[1]
Endurance15 days[1]
Complement52[1]
Sensors &
processing systems
  • 5P-26M1 Pozitiv-M1 phased array radar system
  • MP-231-2 navigation radar
  • 5P-10-03 Laska fire control system
  • МР-123-02 fire control system
  • Anapa-M anti-saboteur sonar system
Electronic warfare
& decoys		TK-25 radar jammers[2]
Armament

The Buyan-M class (Russian: Буян-М, lit. 'Buyan-M'), Russian designation Project 21631 Buyan-M are a series of corvettes (small missile ships by Russian classification), in service with the Russian Navy. They are an updated version of the earlier Project 21630 Buyan-class corvettes. The ships are primarily designed for operations within littoral zones to protect Russia's vast coastal areas. Due to the small tonnage, they can operate even within shallow parts of oceans and seas and Russia's extensive inland waterway system. The lead ship of this project, Grad Sviyazhsk, was laid down on 27 August 2010 and commissioned on 27 July 2014.

Design

[edit]

The Project 21631 (also known as the Buyan-M) class of corvettes (Small Missile Ships) is an updated variant of the earlier Project 21630 (Buyan) class of small artillery ships. It has a greater displacement, length and beam, with some upgraded sensors and electronic countermeasures. The main difference between the two subclasses, however, is their armament. The Buyan ships are fitted with a BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher, hence the name "Artillery ship". The Buyan-M units, however, are equipped with an 8-cell 3S-14 vertical launching system, which is intended to carry the nuclear-capable Kalibr long-range anti-ship/land attack cruise missile[5], (and, in theory, the supersonic Oniks and hypersonic Zircon). Differences are also noted in the air defense systems, with the two classes having slightly different SAMs and CIWS.[6]

Ships of Project 21631 were designated for national economic zones protection, same as the original variants.

A particular advantage for the Buyan-M series were the limitations imposed by the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) which prohibited land-based medium-range missiles while sea-based ones were not restricted. A river-based corvette could deploy such missiles without being subject to the restrictions.[citation needed]

The ships' small size and displacement enables them to operate within inland river systems, including traversing the Moscow Canal. This allows them to redeploy to various seas around European Russia.

Operational history

[edit]

On 7 October 2015, corvettes Grad Sviyazhsk, Uglich, Velikiy Ustyug and Gepard-class frigate Dagestan, deployed in the Caspian Sea, launched 26 Kalibr cruise missiles at 11 targets in Syria. The missiles flew nearly 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) over Iran and Iraq and struck targets in Raqqa and Aleppo provinces (controlled by the Islamic State) as well as in Idlib province (controlled by the al-Qaeda-linked Nusra Front).[7] According to United States Department of Defense officials, several of these cruise missiles fired from Russian ships crashed in Iran and did not make it to their intended targets in Syria.[8]

On 20 November 2015, the same warships launched 18 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea at seven targets in Rakka, Idlib and Aleppo provinces.[9]

In 2016, the corvette Zelenyy Dol was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea, later followed by sister ship Serpukhov.[10]On 19 August Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov, deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, launched Kalibr cruise missiles at positions of Al-Nusra terrorist group in Syria. As a result of the strikes, number of terrorist facilities were destroyed, including command post and base near the village of Dar Ta Izzah and weapon production plants and warehouses in Aleppo province.[11]

Serpukhov and Grad Sviyazhsk

On 25 October 2016, Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov were deployed to the Baltic Sea to join a newly formed division at Kaliningrad.[12] In 2020, Zelenyy Dol and the Karakurt-class corvette Odintsovo deployed to Arctic waters utilizing Russian internal waterways and illustrating the Russian capacity to transfer light units among the Russian Navy's three western fleets and the Caspian Flotilla as might be required.[13] A similar deployment was conducted in 2023 by Serpukhov.[14]

A Buyan-M launches Kalibr cruise missiles towards targets in Ukraine

On 28 March 2022, a Buyan-M class corvette fired eight Kalibr missiles from the Black Sea and claimed to have destroyed a Ukrainian arsenal at Orzhev.[15][16]

On 17 June 2022, a photo emerged of Velikiy Ustyug being towed on the Volga River in a damaged state after a Ukrainian attack.[17]

On 8 April 2024, Ukrainian military intelligence released a video in which they claimed to have started a fire onboard Serpukhov. The fire reportedly occurred on 7 April. Serpukhov was in harbour at Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Oblast. Ukrainian military intelligence claimed that the fire destroyed "its communication and automation systems."[18] On 3 July 2024, HUR revealed details of Operation "Rybalka" ("Fisherman"), which involved a former Russian sailor setting fire to the Buyan-class corvette Serpukhov on 8 April 2024. He also stole data "about the Baltic Fleet and the Russian military industry." The former sailor joined the Freedom of Russia Legion after defecting. HUR estimated Serpukhov will be out of action for six months. The ship was targeted for its ability to fire Kalibr and Onyx missiles.[19]

Published Russian naval documents showed that on 7 August 2025 the Vyshniy Volochyok of the 41st brigade was damaged from colliding with the civilian tanker Nazan in Temryuk Bay while maneuvering to evade attacking Ukrainian drones.[20]

On October 4 2025, the Grad was reported to have been damaged, after being struck by Ukraine, on Lake Onega.[21]

Ships

[edit]
Name Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Grad Sviyazhsk 27 August 2010 9 March 2013[22][23] 27 July 2014[24] Caspian Active[25]
Uglich 22 July 2011[26] 10 April 2013 27 July 2014 Active
Velikiy Ustug 27 August 2011[27] 21 May 2014 19 December 2014[28][29] Active[30]
Zelenyy Dol 29 August 2012[31][32] 2 April 2015 12 December 2015[33] Baltic Active
Serpukhov[34] 25 January 2013[35] 3 April 2015 12 December 2015 Active; reportedly damaged by sabotage in 2024 but participating in exercises in the Baltic as of 2025[36]
Vyshniy Volochyok 29 August 2013 22 August 2016[37] 1 June 2018[38] Black Sea Active; damaged in collision with civilian tanker August 2025 while undertaking evasive manoeuvres in the face of a drone attack[39][40]
Orekhovo-Zuyevo 29 May 2014 19 June 2018[41] 10 December 2018[42] Active; operating in the Mediterranean/Baltic region as of 2024[43]
Ingushetiya 29 August 2014[44] 11 June 2019[45] 28 December 2019[46] Active
Grayvoron 10 April 2015[47] April 2020[48][49] 30 January 2021[50] Active
Grad 24 April 2017[51] 17 September 2021[52] 29 December 2022[53][54] Baltic Active; reported struck by Ukrainian attack in October 2025 while transiting via Russian inland waterways from the Baltic to the Caspian; damage uncertain;[55] back in service as of May 2026[56]
Naro-Fominsk 23 February 2018[57] 9 December 2022[58][59] 25 December 2023[60] Active
Stavropol 12 July 2018[61] 11 June 2024[62] 28 August 2025[63] Active[64]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Keel-laying of sixth project 21631 ship". JSC Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky. 29 August 2013. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  2. ↑ "TK-25E". Rosoboronexport. Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  3. ↑ Малый артиллерийский корабль пр. 21632 «ТОРНАДО» вариант 1 [Small artillery ship Pr. 21632 "TORNADO" mark 1]. JSC Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  4. ↑ Novichkov, Nikolai (5 July 2015). "Russia to equip Buyan-M corvettes with Komar SAM turret". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015.
  5. ↑ Osborn, Andrew; Johnson, Simon (26 October 2016). "Russia beefs up Baltic Fleet amid NATO tensions: reports". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  6. ↑ "Zelenodolsky Shipyard to lay down a Project 21631 small-size missile ship". Rusnavy.com. 26 August 2010. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  7. ↑ Johnson, Richard (23 October 2015). "How Russia fired missiles at Syria from 1,000 miles away". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  8. ↑ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (8 October 2015). "Pentagon: Some Russian cruise missiles crashed in Iran". The Washington Post. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  9. ↑ Kucera, Joshua (21 November 2015). "Russia Launches More Cruise Missiles From Caspian To Syria". Eurasianet.org. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  10. ↑ "Russia despatches one more missile corvette to Mediterranean: agencies". Reuters. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2024 – via Yahoo! News.
  11. ↑ "Russia says video shows launch of missiles from Mediterranean Sea against terrorists in Syria". National Post. Associated Press. 19 August 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  12. ↑ Osborn, Andrew; Johnson, Simon (26 October 2016). "Russia beefs up Baltic Fleet amid NATO tensions: reports". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  13. ↑ "Analysis: Zeleny Dol corvette passes successful trials". Navy Recognition. 18 September 2020. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  14. ↑ "Baltic Fleet's ship launches Kalibr missile — press service". TASS. 19 September 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  15. ↑ "Russian Buyan-M Class Corvette Fired Kalibr Missiles Against Ukraine". Naval News. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  16. ↑ Parker, Claire; Steckelberg, Aaron; Kelly, Meg; Nakhlawi, Razzan; Baran, Jonathan (24 March 2022). "What to know about the long-range cruise missile Russia says it fired". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  17. ↑ "Russian Buyan M Corvette sustained significant damage by Ukrainian drone strikes". Global Defense Corp. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  18. ↑ Shcherbak, Svetlana (8 April 2024). "russian Serpukhov Missile Ship Was On Fire in the Baltic Sea - the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine". Defense Express. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  19. ↑ Tril, Maria (3 July 2024). "Operation Rybalka: HUR damaged Serpukhov ship and received secret data about Russia's Baltic Fleet". Ukrinform. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  20. ↑ "A Russian Missile Ship Was Fleeing From Drones But Crashed Into A Tanker". Charter 97. 28 September 2025. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
  21. ↑ "Ukraine hits Russian cruise missile ship on Lake Onega, military says". 4 October 2025. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  22. ↑ Пятый "Буян-М" получил наименование "Серпухов" [The fifth "Buyan-M" is named "Serpukhov"]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 17 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  23. ↑ Спущен на воду малый ракетный корабль «Град Свияжск» [The small rocket ship "Grad Sviyazhsk" was launched]. Сделано у нас (in Russian). 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  24. ↑ На кораблях "Град Свияжск" и "Углич" подняли Военно-Морские флаги [Naval flags raised on ships "Grad Sviyazhsk" and "Uglich"]. JSC Zelenodolsk Plant named after A.M. Gorky (in Russian). 27 July 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  25. ↑ Van Lokeren, Frederik (3 February 2026). "Russian Naval Operations - Weekly Situation Report - Week 06/2026". Russian Fleet Analysis. Retrieved 6 February 2026.
  26. ↑ В Зеленодольске заложат новый ракетный корабль для ВМФ России [A new missile ship for the Russian Navy will be laid down in Zelenodolsk]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 20 July 2011. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  27. ↑ На Зеленодольском заводе имени А.М. Горького состоится закладка третьего МРК типа "Буян" [At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying of the third MRK of the Buyan type will take place]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 26 August 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  28. ↑ Шесть малых ракетных кораблей пополнят ВМФ России [Six small missile ships will join the Russian Navy]. vpk-news.ru (in Russian). 19 November 2014. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  29. ↑ На «Великом Устюге» поднят Андреевский флаг [At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying down of the third MRK of the Buyan type will take place]. vpk-news.ru (in Russian). 19 December 2014. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  30. ↑ "Russian Caspian Flotilla Begins Ocean-2024 Naval Exercises". Caucasus Watch. 12 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2025.
  31. ↑ На Зеленодольском заводе им. А.М. Горького состоится закладка четвертого МРК проекта 21631 [At the Zelenodolsk plant named after A.M. Gorky, the laying down of the fourth MRK of project 21631 will take place]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 24 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  32. ↑ Mevedev, Sergei (3 March 2015). "Russian Black Sea Fleet to get 3 surface ships, two submarines in 2015 — Captain". TASS. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  33. ↑ | rowspan="2" |Baltic |Active |- |Serpukhov<ref>"Fifth Buyan-Class Corvette Gets Name of Serpukhov". Rusnavy.com. 18 December 2012. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  34. ↑ "Fifth Buyan-Class Corvette Gets Name of Serpukhov". Rusnavy.com. 18 December 2012. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  35. ↑ Малый ракетный корабль проекта 21631 заложат 25 января в Зеленодольске [A small missile ship of project 21631 will be laid down at Zelenodolsk on January 25]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 15 January 2013. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  36. ↑ Staalesen, Atle (6 June 2025). "Northern Fleet frigate exercises in Baltic Sea". The Barents Observer. Retrieved 19 September 2025.
  37. ↑ "В Татарстане спущен на воду МРК 'Вышний Волочек'" ['Vyshny Volochek' launched in Tatarstan]. Sudostroenie.info (in Russian). 22 August 2016. Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  38. ↑ "Новейший малый ракетный корабль "Вышний Волочёк" принят в состав Черноморского флота" [The newest small rocket ship "Vyshny Volochyok" was accepted into the Black Sea Fleet] (Press release) (in Russian). Ministry of Defence of Russia. 1 June 2018. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  39. ↑ "A Russian Missile Ship Was Fleeing From Drones But Crashed Into A Tanker". Charter 97. 28 September 2025. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
  40. ↑ Khomenko, Ivan (27 September 2025). "Russian Submarine and Corvette Sustain Major Damage. Here's What We Know". United 24 Media. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
  41. ↑ Razdolnaya, E. (19 July 2018). "Спуск Мрк "орехово-Зуево" На Зеленодольском Сз" [Launch of MRK "Orekhovo-Zuevo" at Zelenodolsky Yard]. Novosti Rossii (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  42. ↑ "Latest cruise missile corvette accepted for service in Russian Navy". tass.com. 10 December 2018. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  43. ↑ "Russian forces in the Mediterranean - Wk20/2024". Russian Fleet Analysis. 17 May 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
  44. ↑ Зеленодольский завод заложит восьмой малый ракетный корабль [Zelenodolsk plant will lay down the eighth small rocket ship]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 26 August 2014. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  45. ↑ "Торжественная церемония спуска на воду малого ракетного корабля проекта 21631 "Ингушетия"" [Solemn ceremony of launching small rocket ship of project 21631 "Ingushetia"]. Zelenodolsk Shipyard (Press release) (in Russian). 11 June 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  46. ↑ "В состав Черноморского флота вошел новейший малый ракетный корабль "Ингушетия"" [The newest small missile ship "Ingushetia" entered the Black Sea Fleet] (Press release) (in Russian). Ministry of Defence of Russia. 28 December 2019. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  47. ↑ На Зеленодольском заводе заложили очередной ракетный корабль [Another rocket ship laid down at Zelenodolsk plant]. flotprom.ru (in Russian). 10 April 2015. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  48. ↑ "Small Missile Ship - Project 21631". russianships.info.
  49. ↑ "На Черноморском флоте собрали экипажи для двух новых кораблей с "Калибрами"" [The Black Sea Fleet has assembled crews for two new ships with "Kalibr"]. Central Naval Portal (in Russian). Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  50. ↑ "В состав Черноморского флота принят новый малый ракетный корабль "Грайворон"" [A new small missile ship "Graivoron" was accepted into the Black Sea Fleet] (Press release) (in Russian). Ministry of Defence of Russia. 30 January 2021. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  51. ↑ "Рогозин: "Зеленодольский завод помог Крыму восстановить свою промышленность"" [Rogozin: "Zelenodolsk plant helped Crimea to restore its industry"]. Tatar-inform.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  52. ↑ "Project 21631 Grad Launched at Zelenodolsk – SeaWaves Magazine". Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  53. ↑ "В Балтийске на новейшем малом ракетном корабле "Град" торжественно поднят Военно-морской флаг" [The naval flag was solemnly raised on the newest small missile ship "Grad" in Baltiysk] (Press release) (in Russian). Ministry of Defence of Russia. 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  54. ↑ "Два ракетных корабля получат названия «Калуга» и «Таруса»" [Two missile ships will be named Kaluga and Tarusa]. 2023.f.a0z.ru (Screenshot of article) (in Russian). 28 December 2022.
  55. ↑ Khomenko, Ivan (4 October 2025). "Ukraine Strikes Russian Missile Corvette 1,000 km Inside Homeland in Bold Lake Assault". United 24 Media. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
  56. ↑ "Малый ракетный корабль «Град» выполнил учебные артиллерийские стрельбы в Балтийском море". Портньюс (in Russian). 14 May 2026. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  57. ↑ "11th Project 21631 Corvette Naro-Fominsk Laid for Russian Navy". Navy Recognition. 25 February 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  58. ↑ "Shipbuilders to float out cutting-edge missile corvette for Russian Navy by Aug 30".
  59. ↑ "Малый ракетный корабль "Наро-Фоминск" планируют спустить на воду 9 декабря".
  60. ↑ "Путин примет участие в церемонии поднятия флага на фрегате в Петербурге". RIA (in Russian). 25 December 2023.
  61. ↑ "Закладка двенадцатого малого ракетного корабля проекта 21631 "Ставрополь"" [Laying down of the twelfth small missile ship of project 21631 "Stavropol"]. Zelenodolsk Shipyard (Press release) (in Russian). 12 July 2018. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  62. ↑ "Russia Launches Final Buyan-M-Class Corvette Fitted With Kalibr Cruise Missiles". navalnews.com. 13 June 2024.
  63. ↑ Хоменко, Владислав (29 August 2025). "Russia Adds New Kalibr Carriers Into Fleet". Militarnyi. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  64. ↑ Van Lokeren, Frederik (3 February 2026). "Russian Naval Operations - Weekly Situation Report - Week 06/2026". Russian Fleet Analysis. Retrieved 6 February 2026.
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