Awassi
 A ram in Kuwait | |
 Ewe and lamb in Syria | |
| Other names |
|
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Middle East |
| Distribution | eighteen countries in Africa, Asia and Europe[1] |
| Use | milk, meat, wool |
| Traits | |
| Weight | |
| Height | |
| Wool colour | white |
| Face colour | brown |
| Notes | |
| tolerant of extreme temperatures | |
| |
The Awassi[a] is a breed of dairy sheep of Near-Eastern fat-tailed type. It is the most widely distributed non-European dairy breed. It is known by many names, among them Arab, Baladi, Deiri, Gezirieh, Ivesi, Shami and Syrian.[3]: 265 [4]: 290 It is usually white with brown head and legs.
History
[edit]The Awassi is a traditional breed of dairy sheep of Near-Eastern fat-tailed type. Its origins are unknown, but it is thought to originate in the historic region of Mesopotamia – the area between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, now in modern Iraq and Syria.[5]: 115 The breed name is thought to derive from that of Al-ʿAwās, a Bedouin tribe of northern Syria.[5]: 115 [6]: 12 It is the most widely distributed non-European dairy breed[7]: 727 and the most numerous sheep breed of south-west Asia. It is the principal sheep of Iraq and Syria and the only indigenous sheep of Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Lebanon.[2]
It is reportedly present in eighteen countries in Africa, Asia and Europe, with a total population estimated in 2024 at 2.85 million head.[1] The largest population is reported by Turkey, where the Ivesi numbers approximately 1.7–2.9 million head; other substantial populations are in Palestine (over 360000) and Lebanon (about 200000).[1] A population in Syria of approximately 13.5 million head was reported in 2006.[8]
It has contributed to the development of several modern breeds, among them the Assaf, Israeli Awassi, Pak Awassi, Neimi and Shafali.[7]: 727
The whole genome of Awassi rams in Jordan was re-sequenced in 2020, and that of ewes in the same country in 2021.[9][10]
Characteristics
[edit]The Awassi is of moderate size, with average weights of 68 kg for ewes and 70 kg for rams; average heights are 50 cm and 76 cm respectively.[2] The usual colouring is white with brown head and legs; the face may also be white, grey, black or spotted, and a solid-coloured brown or black coat occasionally occurs.[3]: 265 The facial profile is convex and the ears pendulous.[2] Rams are normally horned, ewes more often polled.[3]: 265 Hyperthermia causes the fertility of rams to fall during the hot summer months, but it recovers rapidly when temperatures fall in the autumn.[11]: 244
Use
[edit]Although the Awassi is considered a dairy sheep, it is commonly reared for meat, for milk and for wool. In Syria it supplies all the wool, about 30% of all milk and about 80% of all red meat.[8] In Iraq it is raised principally for meat.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]
- 1 2 3 Transboundary breed: Awassi. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Breed data sheet: Awassi / Syrian Arab Republic (Sheep). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2024.
- 1 2 3 Valerie Porter, Ian Lauder Mason (2002). Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types, and Varieties (fifth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 085199430X.
- ↑ Valerie Porter, Ian Lauder Mason (2020). Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties (sixth edition). Wallingford; Boston: CABI. ISBN 9781789241532.
- 1 2 M.H. Fahmy (2022). Awassi. In: Paul L.H. McSweeney, John P. McNamara (editors) (2022). Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, third edition. Amsterdam; Kidlington, Oxford; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 9780128187678.
- ↑ H. Epstein (1982). Awassi Sheep. World Animal Review, 44: 11–27.
- 1 2 Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- 1 2 Mohamad Yaser Amin, Kurt-Johannes Peters (2006). Awassi Sheep Production and the Development of breeding Program Options in Syria. Prosperity and Poverty in a Globalised World – Challenges for Agricultural Research (Tropentag, 11–13 October 2006). Bonn, Germany: University of Bonn. Archived 19 July 2011.
- ↑ Nizar Jamal Haddad, Hussein Migdadi, Raed Al-Atiyat, Khaleel Jawasreh, S. Awabdeh, W. Obeidat, R. AlOmari, M. Aldamra, H. Ababneh, M.J. Tabbaa, M. Brake, M. Farooq ( 2020). Whole Genome Resequencing of Jordanian Awassi Rams (Ovis aries) Using Hiseq Sequencing Technology. Genetics and Molecular Research. 19 (2): gmr18577. doi:10.4238/gmr18577.[dead link]
- ↑ Hussein Migdadi, Nizar Haddad, Ruba AlOmari, Mohammad Brake, Mustafa AlShdaifat, Sadeer Amasha, Monther Sadder (2021). Re-sequencing of Whole Genome Jordanian Awassi Ewes using Hiseq Sequencing Technology. Indian Journal of Animal Research. B-1371: 1–6. doi:10.18805/IJAR.B-1371.
- ↑ Hassan Falah Kashef Al-Ghetaa (2012). Effect of Environmental High Temperature on the Reproductive activity of Awassi Ram Lambs Effect of Environmental High Temperature on the Reproductive activity of Awassi Ram Lambs |. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 36 (2): 244–253. doi:10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i2.502.
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