Ammurapi
| Ammurapi | |
|---|---|
| King of Ugarit | |
| Reign | 1215-1180 BC |
| Predecessor | Niqmaddu III |
| Born | Ugarit |
| Ugarit |
|---|
 |
| Places |
| Kings |
| Culture |
| Texts |
Ammurapi (Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎎𐎗𐎔𐎛, romanized: ʿAmmurāpʾi; Hittite: 𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉, romanized: Ammurapi) was the last Bronze Age ruler and king (c. 1215 to 1180 BC) of the ancient Syrian city of Ugarit. Ammurapi was a contemporary of the Hittite King Suppiluliuma II.
Attestations
[edit]The King of Alashiya (Cyprus) wrote to Ammurapi enquiring about enemy ships: "You wrote to me the following 'the ships of the enemy were seen in the sea. If so, be careful.'"[1][2] Subsequently, Ammurapi confirmed:
My father behold, the enemy's ships came (here); my cities(?) were burned, and they did evil things in my country. Does not my father know that all my troops and chariots(?) are in the Land of Hatti, and all my ships are in the Land of Lukka?...Thus, the country is abandoned to itself. May my father know it: the seven ships of the enemy that came here inflicted much damage upon us. [3]
This letter dramatically highlights the desperate situation facing Ugarit while it was also under attack by the invading Sea Peoples.
Egyptian relations
[edit]In the reign of the pharaoh Merneptah, a King of Ugarit (possibly Ammurapi or his predecessor Niqmaddu III) wrote to Egypt, requesting a sculptor for their city, to "make an image of Merneptah in front of the statue of Ba’al in his (renovated) temple in Ugarit."[4] The pharaoh delayed or declined this request, but sent gifts including textiles, ebony wood, plaques of coloured stones, and ropes.[5] This letter, and others from the same period, may reflect a renewal of ties between Ugarit and Egypt, as Hittite influence waned in Syria.[6]
During the reign of Seti II, Ammurapi requested help during famine writing: "In the land of Ugarit there is a severe hunger. May my Lord save it, and may the king give grain to save my life…and to save the citizens of the land of Ugarit".[7]
Divorce
[edit]Suppiluliuma II was responsible for the divorce settlement between Ammurapi and a Hittite woman,[8][9] but it did not cause a problem between the Kingdom of Ugarit and the Hittite Empire;[10] instead it demonstrated the relationship between both kingdoms.[10]
Bronze Age Collapse
[edit]Ammurapi is the last known ruler of Ugarit. The city may have been destroyed around 1192-1190 BC.[11] Ugarit would become one of the many states of the ancient Near East that were destroyed or abandoned during the Bronze Age collapse.
References
[edit]- ↑ Nougayrol, Jean; Laroche, Emmanuel; Virolleaud, Charles (1968). Ugaritica. V: nouveaux textes accadiens, hourrites et ugaritiques des archives et bibliothèques privées d'Ugarit. Stony Brook University. pp. 85–86.
- ↑ Bryce 1998, p. 367.
- ↑ Nougayrol, Jean; Laroche, Emmanuel; Virolleaud, Charles (1968). Ugaritica. V: nouveaux textes accadiens, hourrites et ugaritiques des archives et bibliothèques privées d'Ugarit. Stony Brook University. pp. 87–90.
- ↑ Lackenbacher, S. (1995). Une Correspondence entre l’administration du pharaon Merneptah et le roi d’Ougarit. In YON M., SZNYCER M. et BORDREUIL P. (éds), Le pays d’Ougarit autour de 1200 av. J.-C.: Histoire et archéologie. https://www.mission-ougarit.fr/parutions/serie-ras-shamra-ougarit/
- ↑ Singer, I. (2011). The Calm Before the Storm: Selected Writings of Itamar Singer on the late Bronze Age in Anatolia and the Levant, pp. 107-111. Society of Biblical Literature.
- ↑ Singer, The Calm Before the Storm p.108
- ↑ archaeology.org https://archaeology.org/issues/july-august-2021/features/ugarit-bronze-age-archive/
- ↑ RS 17.226, 17.355 (PRU iv 208-210, Dossier VIII A.)
- ↑ Astour, M. (1980). "The Netherworld and Its Denizens in Ugarit". In Alster, Bendt (ed.). Death in Mesopotamia. Copenhagen. pp. 227–238.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - 1 2 Bryce 1998, p. 363.
- ↑ Kaniewski, David & Campo, Elise & Van Lerberghe, Karel & Boiy, Tom & Vansteenhuyse, Klaas & Jans, Greta & Nys, Karin & Weiss, Harvey & Otto, Thierry & Bretschneider, Joachim. (2011). The Sea Peoples, from Cuneiform Tablets to Carbon Dating. PloS one. 6. e20232. 10.1371/journal.pone.0020232.
Bibliography
[edit] | This ancient Near East biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |
 | This article about Phoenicia, its colonies and people is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |