ARL2

ARL2
Identifiers
Aliases	ARL2, ARFL2, ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 2, MRCS1
External IDs	OMIM: 601175; MGI: 1928393; GeneCards: ARL2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3DOE, 3DOF
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	65,022,184 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 19 (mouse)
End	6,191,578 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	C1 segment; ; nucleus accumbens; ; apex of heart; ; caudate nucleus; ; putamen; ; tibial nerve; ; right frontal lobe; ; left coronary artery; ; ascending aorta; ; right auricle of heart;
	Top expressed in
	muscle of thigh; ; right ventricle; ; yolk sac; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; right kidney; ; saccule; ; primary visual cortex; ; otic placode; ; otic vesicle;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding; GTP binding; GTPase inhibitor activity; protein binding; GTPase activity; GDP binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; centrosome; lateral plasma membrane; mitochondrial intermembrane space; intracellular anatomical structure; microtubule organizing center; mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrion; cytoskeleton; nucleus; nucleolus; Golgi apparatus; cytosol; focal adhesion; cilium; microtubule cytoskeleton;
Biological process	tubulin complex assembly; regulation of insulin secretion; negative regulation of GTPase activity; regulation of microtubule polymerization; bicellular tight junction assembly; positive regulation of microtubule polymerization; cell cycle; maintenance of protein location in nucleus; positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion; centrosome cycle;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	402
	56327
	ENSG00000213465
	ENSMUSG00000024944
	P36404
	Q9D0J4
	NM_001667; NM_001199745
	NM_019722
	NP_001186674; NP_001658
	NP_062696
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL2 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) genes are small GTP-binding proteins of the RAS superfamily. ARL2 is a member of a functionally distinct group of ARF-like genes.^[7]
In photoreceptors, ARL2 participates in the trafficking of lipidated membrane-associated proteins.^[8]
There is an evidence that increased activity of ARL2 protein is strongly correlated with increased mitochondria fusion, while loss of ARL2 activity results in a decreased rate of fusion.^[9]

Interactions

ARL2 has been shown to interact with Protein unc-119 homolog,^[10] TBCD^[11]^[12] and PDE6D.^[13]^[14]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213465 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024944 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Clark J, Moore L, Krasinskas A, Way J, Battey J, Tamkun J, et al. (November 1993). "Selective amplification of additional members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family: cloning of additional human and Drosophila ARF-like genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (19): 8952–8956. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.8952C. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.19.8952. PMC 47479. PMID 8415637.
↑ Guru SC, Agarwal SK, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Crabtree JS, Weisemann JM, et al. (September 1997). "A transcript map for the 2.8-Mb region containing the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 locus". Genome Research. 7 (7): 725–735. doi:10.1101/gr.7.7.725. PMC 310681. PMID 9253601.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: ARL2 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2".
↑ Hanke-Gogokhia C, Zhang H, Frederick JM, Baehr W (2016). "The Function of Arf-like Proteins ARL2 and ARL3 in Photoreceptors". Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 854. pp. 655–661. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_87. ISBN 978-3-319-17120-3. PMID 26427472.
↑ Newman LE, Schiavon CR, Turn RE, Kahn RA (2017). "The ARL2 GTPase regulates mitochondrial fusion from the intermembrane space". Cellular Logistics. 7 (3) e1340104. doi:10.1080/21592799.2017.1340104. PMC 5602422. PMID 28944094.
↑ Kobayashi A, Kubota S, Mori N, McLaren MJ, Inana G (January 2003). "Photoreceptor synaptic protein HRG4 (UNC119) interacts with ARL2 via a putative conserved domain". FEBS Letters. 534 (1–3): 26–32. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.534...26K. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03766-3. PMID 12527357. S2CID 22603052.
↑ Shern JF, Sharer JD, Pallas DC, Bartolini F, Cowan NJ, Reed MS, et al. (October 2003). "Cytosolic Arl2 is complexed with cofactor D and protein phosphatase 2A". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (42): 40829–40836. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308678200. PMID 12912990.
↑ Bhamidipati A, Lewis SA, Cowan NJ (May 2000). "ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (Arl2) regulates the interaction of tubulin-folding cofactor D with native tubulin". The Journal of Cell Biology. 149 (5): 1087–1096. doi:10.1083/jcb.149.5.1087. PMC 2174823. PMID 10831612.
↑ Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, et al. (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–1178. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
↑ Hanzal-Bayer M, Renault L, Roversi P, Wittinghofer A, Hillig RC (May 2002). "The complex of Arl2-GTP and PDE delta: from structure to function". The EMBO Journal. 21 (9): 2095–2106. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.9.2095. PMC 125981. PMID 11980706.

External links

Human ARL2 genome location and ARL2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Sharer JD, Shern JF, Van Valkenburgh H, Wallace DC, Kahn RA (2002). "ARL2 and BART enter mitochondria and bind the adenine nucleotide transporter". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 13 (1): 71–83. doi:10.1091/mbc.01-05-0245. PMC 65073. PMID 11809823.
Antoshechkin I, Han M (2002). "The C. elegans evl-20 gene is a homolog of the small GTPase ARL2 and regulates cytoskeleton dynamics during cytokinesis and morphogenesis". Developmental Cell. 2 (5): 579–591. doi:10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00146-6. PMID 12015966.
Zhou C, Cunningham L, Marcus AI, Li Y, Kahn RA (2006). "Arl2 and Arl3 regulate different microtubule-dependent processes". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 17 (5): 2476–2487. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-10-0929. PMC 1446103. PMID 16525022.
Beghin A, Honore S, Messana C, Matera EL, Aim J, Burlinchon S, et al. (2007). "ADP ribosylation factor like 2 (Arl2) protein influences microtubule dynamics in breast cancer cells". Experimental Cell Research. 313 (3): 473–485. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.10.024. PMID 17188265.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213465 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024944 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Clark_1993-5] Clark J, Moore L, Krasinskas A, Way J, Battey J, Tamkun J, et al. (November 1993). "Selective amplification of additional members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family: cloning of additional human and Drosophila ARF-like genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (19): 8952–8956. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.8952C. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.19.8952. PMC 47479. PMID 8415637.

[Guru_1997-6] Guru SC, Agarwal SK, Manickam P, Olufemi SE, Crabtree JS, Weisemann JM, et al. (September 1997). "A transcript map for the 2.8-Mb region containing the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 locus". Genome Research. 7 (7): 725–735. doi:10.1101/gr.7.7.725. PMC 310681. PMID 9253601.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: ARL2 ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2".

[8] Hanke-Gogokhia C, Zhang H, Frederick JM, Baehr W (2016). "The Function of Arf-like Proteins ARL2 and ARL3 in Photoreceptors". Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 854. pp. 655–661. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_87. ISBN 978-3-319-17120-3. PMID 26427472.

[9] Newman LE, Schiavon CR, Turn RE, Kahn RA (2017). "The ARL2 GTPase regulates mitochondrial fusion from the intermembrane space". Cellular Logistics. 7 (3) e1340104. doi:10.1080/21592799.2017.1340104. PMC 5602422. PMID 28944094.

[Kobayashi_2003-10] Kobayashi A, Kubota S, Mori N, McLaren MJ, Inana G (January 2003). "Photoreceptor synaptic protein HRG4 (UNC119) interacts with ARL2 via a putative conserved domain". FEBS Letters. 534 (1–3): 26–32. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.534...26K. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03766-3. PMID 12527357. S2CID 22603052.

[Shern_2003-11] Shern JF, Sharer JD, Pallas DC, Bartolini F, Cowan NJ, Reed MS, et al. (October 2003). "Cytosolic Arl2 is complexed with cofactor D and protein phosphatase 2A". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (42): 40829–40836. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308678200. PMID 12912990.

[Bhamidipati_2000-12] Bhamidipati A, Lewis SA, Cowan NJ (May 2000). "ADP ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (Arl2) regulates the interaction of tubulin-folding cofactor D with native tubulin". The Journal of Cell Biology. 149 (5): 1087–1096. doi:10.1083/jcb.149.5.1087. PMC 2174823. PMID 10831612.

[Rual_2005-13] Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, et al. (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–1178. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.

[Hanzal-Bayer_2002-14] Hanzal-Bayer M, Renault L, Roversi P, Wittinghofer A, Hillig RC (May 2002). "The complex of Arl2-GTP and PDE delta: from structure to function". The EMBO Journal. 21 (9): 2095–2106. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.9.2095. PMC 125981. PMID 11980706.

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ARL2

Function

Interactions

References

External links

Further reading