2013 LX₂₈

2013 LX₂₈
Discovery
Discovered by	Pan-STARRS
Discovery date	12 June 2013
Designations
Minor planet category	Apollo asteroid; Venus crosser; Earth crosser;
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 1
Aphelion	1.4543719 AU (217.57094 Gm)
Perihelion	0.5488609 AU (82.10842 Gm)
Semi-major axis	1.00161641 AU (149.839682 Gm)
Eccentricity	0.4520249
Orbital period (sidereal)	1.00 yr (366.14 d)
Mean anomaly	61.458811°
Mean motion	0° 58m 59.602s /day
Inclination	49.97420°
Longitude of ascending node	76.679354°
Argument of perihelion	345.77666°
Earth MOID	0.373137 AU (55.8205 Gm)
Jupiter MOID	3.8786 AU (580.23 Gm)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	130–300 m[a]
Absolute magnitude (H)	21.7

2013 LX₂₈ is an asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object of the Apollo group that is a temporary quasi-satellite of the Earth, the third known Earth quasi-satellite.^[6]^[7]

Discovery, orbit and physical properties

2013 LX₂₈ was discovered on 12 June 2013 by the Pan-STARRS survey, and its discovery was announced in a Minor Planets Electronic Circular on 15 June.^[8] As of September 2014, it has been observed 26 times with a data-arc span of 349 days. It is an Apollo asteroid and its semi-major axis (1.0016 AU) is very similar to that of the Earth. It has relatively high orbital eccentricity (0.4521) and high orbital inclination (49.9761°). With an absolute magnitude of 21.7, it has a diameter in the range 130–300 m (for an assumed albedo range of 0.04–0.20).^[2]

Quasi-satellite dynamical state and orbital evolution

2013 LX₂₈ has been identified as an Earth quasi-satellite following a kidney-shaped retrograde orbit around the Earth.^[6]^[7]

Notes

^{^} This is assuming an albedo of 0.20–0.04.

References

↑ "List Of Apollo Minor Planets (by designation)". Minorplanetcenter.org. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
1 2 3 4 "2013 LX28". JPL Small-Body Database. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. SPK-ID: 3643996. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
↑ "AstDyS". NEODyS. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
↑ "NEODyS". NEODyS. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
↑ "Glossary: Absolute Magnitude (H)". Neo.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2 March 2001. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
1 2 Connors, M. (2014). "A Kozai-resonating Earth quasi-satellite". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (1): L85–L89. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437L..85C. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt147.
1 2 de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (2014). "Asteroid 2014 OL339: yet another Earth quasi-satellite". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 445 (3): 2985–2994. arXiv:1409.5588. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445.2961D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1978.
↑ Minor Planet Center Staff (15 June 2013). "MPEC 2013-L72: 2013 LX28". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. 2013-L72. Minor Planet Center. Bibcode:2013MPEC....L...72B. Retrieved 25 October 2025.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Further reading

Understanding the Distribution of Near-Earth Asteroids Bottke, W. F., Jedicke, R., Morbidelli, A., Petit, J.-M., Gladman, B. 2000, Science, Vol. 288, Issue 5474, pp. 2190–2194.
A Numerical Survey of Transient Co-orbitals of the Terrestrial Planets Christou, A. A. 2000, Icarus, Vol. 144, Issue 1, pp. 1–20.
Debiased Orbital and Absolute Magnitude Distribution of the Near-Earth Objects Bottke, W. F., Morbidelli, A., Jedicke, R., Petit, J.-M., Levison, H. F., Michel, P., Metcalfe, T. S. 2002, Icarus, Vol. 156, Issue 2, pp. 399–433.
Transient co-orbital asteroids Brasser, R., Innanen, K. A., Connors, M., Veillet, C., Wiegert, P., Mikkola, S., Chodas, P. W. 2004, Icarus, Vol. 171, Issue 1, pp. 102–109.
A Kozai-resonating Earth quasi-satellite Connors, M. 2014, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 437, Issue 1, pp. L85–L89.
Asteroid 2014 OL339: yet another Earth quasi-satellite de la Fuente Marcos, C., de la Fuente Marcos, R. 2014, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 3, pp. 2985–2994.

External links

Discovery MPEC
2013 LX₂₈ data at MPC
2013 LX28 at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
- Ephemerides · Observation prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Observational info · Close approaches · Physical info · Orbit animation
2013 LX28 at ESA–space situational awareness
- Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical properties · Summary
2013 LX28 at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters

[MPCatenlist-1] "List Of Apollo Minor Planets (by designation)". Minorplanetcenter.org. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

[jpldata-2] 1 2 3 4 "2013 LX28". JPL Small-Body Database. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. SPK-ID: 3643996. Retrieved 3 April 2016.

[AstDys-3] "AstDyS". NEODyS. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

[NEODyS-4] "NEODyS". NEODyS. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

[5] "Glossary: Absolute Magnitude (H)". Neo.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2 March 2001. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

[discovery-6] 1 2 Connors, M. (2014). "A Kozai-resonating Earth quasi-satellite". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (1): L85–L89. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437L..85C. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt147.

[dynamics-7] 1 2 de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (2014). "Asteroid 2014 OL339: yet another Earth quasi-satellite". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 445 (3): 2985–2994. arXiv:1409.5588. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445.2961D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1978.

[MPEC2013-L72-8] Minor Planet Center Staff (15 June 2013). "MPEC 2013-L72: 2013 LX28". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. 2013-L72. Minor Planet Center. Bibcode:2013MPEC....L...72B. Retrieved 25 October 2025.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

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