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OperaLancaster

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

OperaLancaster[A] was an American opera company in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It was incorporated as a non-profit in 1952 under the name Lancaster Opera Workshop. The company's headquarters were located at 411 W. King St.[1] It was later re-named the Lancaster Opera Company in 1988, and became OperaLancaster after a restructuring of the company in 2004. The company remained active until 2021 when it merged with the Penn Square Music Festival to form the Penn Square Opera, an organization attached to the Penn Square Music Conservatory. From 1960 to 2004 the company's main venue was the Fulton Opera House. Afterwords the company performed at a variety of theaters in Lancaster and the surrounding region. WRCV-TV in Philadelphia profiled the company in an episode of the program Portraits in Music in 1962, and Baltimore's WMAR-TV created a television documentary on the company, Operation Opera, which was broadcast in 1967.

The company was founded as a community theatre organization in 1951 by husband and wife voice teachers Frederick Robinson and Dorothy Darr Robinson for the purpose of providing local young talent with opportunities to develop and share their craft at no cost to the developing performer. With the exception of a paid orchestra, the company was an all-volunteer organization that encompassed a mix of professional, pre-professional, and amateur talent. Several young singers in the company went on to successful careers on the opera and concert stage, including tenor Robert Brubaker and baritone John Darrenkamp. Frederick Robinson served as the organization's first artistic director until retiring in 1976. Dorothy Rose Smith led the company from 1977 until her retirement in 1997. Later leaders of the organization included Anne Mason Webber, Scott Drackley, Ellen Fritz, and Darrenkamp.

History

[edit]

Frederick Robinson and the Lancaster Opera Workshop

[edit]

The Lancaster Opera Workshop (LOW) was founded by voice teacher and opera singer Frederick Robinson who had previously been a member of the American Opera Company in Philadelphia.[2] He was trained as a singer at the Academy of Vocal Arts.[3] His wife, voice teacher Dorothy Darr Robinson, also played an instrumental role in establishing the company.[4] The organization's roots can be traced to the late 1940s when the Robinsons moved their voice studio from Philadelphia to Lancaster.[5] Multiple sources state that the LOW was founded in 1952.[4][6] However, initial auditions for the LOW's first production were held earlier in October 1951.[7]

LOW was officially incorporated as a non-profit organization in June 1952 with Frederick Robinson appointed its first artistic director.[8] He remained in that role for 25 years.[1] He was never paid for his work, and served in this role on a purely volunteer basis. [3] The company's original membership consisted of a mix of young professional and amateur singers who lived in Lancaster and the surrounding region.[2] The organization's mission was to educate young talent, and it provided professional quality training for free to its artists, offering instruction in opera practices, makeup, acting, and stage movement at no charge.[3] Early productions were given on a low budget with just piano accompaniment and minimalist sets.[4] The company initially performed in local school auditoriums,[8] and rehearsed out of the basement in Robinson's home.[1] Throughout its history the singers in the company remained unpaid and were all-volunteer,[5] although the company grew to the point where it hired a professional orchestra for its productions.[9]

LOW's first production was Gian Carlo Menotti's chamber opera The Telephone which was given in January 1952 with Evelyn Doerson and Russell Getz in the cast.[2] This was followed by the company's first larger performance which presented opera scenes from a variety of operas at John Reynolds Junior High School on May 10, 1952 alongside a reprisal of The Telephone.[8] Not long after the company toured its productions of Menotti's The Medium and Kurt Weill's Down in the Valley, including performances at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia.[10] LOW's first presentation of a full length opera was Puccini's La bohème in 1957.[1] The company was able to stage the opera after purchasing relatively new costumes and sets as a very cheap price that had been abandoned by another opera company.[10]

LOW's first production with an orchestra was in 1960 with a production of Puccini's Madama Butterfly with Dorothy Rose Smith in the title role at the Fulton Opera House (FOH).[11] The company was sent a hand-written congratulatory letter from Rudolph Bing of the Metropolitan Opera ("the Met") for this achievement.[12] The FOH became the company's longtime resident venue, although the organization still performed occasionally in other places.[4] Some of the other operas presented at FOH during Robinson's tenure included Puccini's Gianni Schicchi (1965),[13] Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro (1968),[14] Verdi's La traviata (1969),[15] Menotti's The Old Maid and the Thief (1970),[16] Romberg's The Student Prince (1972),[17] Menotti's Help, Help, the Globolinks! (1973),[18] Bizet's Carmen (1974),[19] and Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance (1976) among others.[20]

On July 14, 1962, LOW was the featured subject of an episode of WRCV-TV's program Portraits in Music.[21] In 1964 the company's production of Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel was filmed for television broadcast on WGAL.[22] In 1965 the organization purchased an abandoned 90 year-old firehouse on West King St. which became its headquarters.[23] In 1967 the company was the subject of an American Broadcasting Company television documentary, Operation Opera, which was produced by WMAR-TV in Baltimore, Maryland.[24] The documentary was filmed during the LOW's 1967 production of Johann Strauss II's Die Fledermaus at the FOH.[25] In 1971 the LOW began presenting the "Lemonade Concerts", a concert series which ran during the summer months.[26] The annual concert series continued for more than 45 years.[27]

In 1970 LOW gave its first staging of Pagliacci with J. Konrad Fritz as the clown Canio at the FOH.[28] Also in this production was a young Robert Brubaker in his opera debut in the part of Silvio.[29] Brubaker had won the LOW's 1970 voice competition for young singers (an annual event).[30] He later had an international opera career as a tenor of significance.[31] Another young singer who got his start with LOW was baritone John Darrenkamp who had a long career at the Met. Darrenkamp studied voice for Frederick Robinson for many years and made his opera debut with the company.[32] His first role with LOW was the Page in Gian Carlo Menotti's Amahl and the Night Visitors in 1959,[33] an opera he later performed in again with the company as Melchior in 2015.[34] Another performer with the organization was the writer Anne McCaffrey who sang as a soprano in productions and studied stage direction under Frederick Robinson. She later based the character of Robinton, the protagonist of her science fiction novel The Masterharper of Pern, on Robinson.[35]

Dorothy Rose Smith leads the Lancaster Opera Workshop

[edit]

Dorothy Rose Smith succeed Robinson as artistic director in 1977. During her twenty-year tenure in that role she staged 38 operas for the company and was conductor for seven.[36] In 1978 she became the first woman in the city of Lancaster to conduct an opera when she led LOW's production of Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann with a full orchestra at the Fulton Opera House. Sam Taylor of Lancaster New Era hailed her for "breaking the sex barrier" and referred to her as "Lancaster's Sarah Caldwell".[37] Some of the LOW productions that followed at the Fulton Opera House under Smith's direction included The Yeomen of the Guard (1979),[38] The Magic Flute (1980),[39] Kismet (1980),[40] Smetana's The Bartered Bride (1981),[41] Così fan tutte (1981),[42] Gounod's Roméo et Juliette (1982),[43] H.M.S. Pinafore (1983),[44] Mozart's The Impresario (1984),[45] The Medium (1984),[45] Donizetti's The Elixir of Love (1985),[46] Menotti's The Consul (1985),[47] Orpheus in the Underworld (1986),[48] and Carlisle Floyd's Susannah (1987).[49]

Lancaster Opera Company

[edit]

On January 11, 1988, a vote of the organization's membership approved a name change of the organization to the Lancaster Opera Company (LOC).[50] The company's first production under this new name was Puccini's Madama Butterfly in February 1988 at the Fulton Opera House with Elizabeth Trostle as Butterfly[51] Smith, still in her role as artistic director, both conducted and staged this production.[52] A 1992 LOC production of Douglas Moore's The Ballad of Baby Doe starring Andrea Folan in the title role and John Darrenkamp as Horace Taber was filmed and released on VHS.[53]

Dorothy Rose Smith retired from her post as artistic director in 1997.[54] She was succeeded by Anne Mason Webber. Webber had previously directed the LOC productions of Gilbert and Sullivan's Trial By Jury (1994), The Mighty Casey (1995), and Menotti's The Old Maid and the Thief (1995), and had established an education outreach program in which the LOC brought productions to school children.[55] Some of the operas she directed while artistic director included Iolanthe (1998)[56] and Hansel and Gretel (2000).[57] Also a soprano with the company, she sang the title roles in Rorem's Miss Julie (1999)[58] and Massenet's Manon (2000) at LOC.[59]

Scott Drackley was appointed artistic director of the LOC in 2001.[60] He had worked with the company since 1984 in a variety of capacities,[4] including principal conductor, piano accompanist, and stage director.[61] Some of the operas Drackley either conducted or staged for LOC included Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance (1988),[62] Frank Loesser's The Most Happy Fella (1989, directed by Smith and conducted by Drackley),[63] Rossini's The Barber of Seville (1989),[64] Verdi's La traviata (1991),[65] Gilbert and Sullivan's The Gondoliers (1991),[66] Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music (1992),[67] Puccini's Tosca (1993),[68] Mozart's The Magic Flute (1995),[69] The Tales of Hoffmann (1996),[70] Verdi's Falstaff (1998),[71] Copland's The Tender Land (1999, directed by Mason and conducted by Drackley),[72] Die Fledermaus (2000, directed by Mason and conducted by Drackley),[73] Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro (1993 & 2001),[74][75] Bizet's Carmen (2002),[76] and La bohème (1990 & 2003).[77][78]

In its later seasons, the LOC had primarily stopped featuring local talent, and brought in performers from outside the area, changing the company's model from a community theatre organization into a regional theatre. This change proved controversial, and created internal conflicts in the organization which fractured the company.[79] In July 2004 it was announced that the LOC had disbanded after the majority of its board and artistic director Drackley had resigned.[80][81] The growing disagreements over the direction of the company were largely responsible for the resignations. The company's final performance as the LOC was a production of The Magic Flute at the Fulton Opera House in 2004.[79]

OperaLancaster

[edit]

The LOC's sole remaining board member, Ellen Fritz, managed to rebuild the company by raising enough funds to pay off the organization's debt,[82] and raised enough money to renovate the organization's headquarters on West King St.[83] Fritz provided the leadership necessary for the company to resume performances in September 2004 under the name OperaLancaster (OL).[82] The following December the company staged a production of Menotti's Amahl and the Night Visitors,[84] a work which the company repeated annually until as late as 2015.[85][86]

Other operas staged by OL included Bernstein's Trouble in Tahiti (2005), Gilbert and Sullivan's Trial By Jury (2005),[87] and Bernstein's Candide (2006).[88] In 2007 the company mounted Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado for performances at the Ephrata Performing Arts Center,[89] and brought in Metropolitan Opera tenor John Fowler for the company's production of Pagliacci.[90] In 2008 the OL celebrated the 150th anniversary of Puccini's birth by staging productions of Suor Angelica and Gianni Schicchi.[91] In 2009 the company gave performances of Guettel's The Light in the Piazza,[92] Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana,[93] and Menotti's The Medium.[94]

By 2010 John Darrenkamp was working as OL's artistic director.[95] That year the OL presented the world premiere of Alisa Bair's musical Georgia O'Keeffe: A Woman on Paper at the Roschel Performing Arts Center (RPAC).[96] Other works staged by the OL included Puccini's La bohème (2010),[97] Mozart's Così fan tutte (2011),[98] Puccini's Tosca (2011),[99] Puccini's Madama Butterfly (2012),[100] Gounod's Faust (2013, concert version),[101] and Mentotti's The Telephone (2013).[102] In 2014 tenor Robert Brubaker returned to the OL after not having performed in an opera with the organization for decades in the role of the Witch in Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel.[103] Brubaker had previously sung this same role at the Met, and would later perform it at the San Francisco Opera in 2019.[104]

Drackley returned as artistic director of the OL in December 2014.[105] The company was still presenting seasons of staged operas as late as 2015 when it offered performances of Donizetti's Don Pasquale at RPAC,[106][107] Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance at The Ware Center of Millersville University,[108] and Purcell's Dido and Aeneas at the Trust Performing Arts Center.[109] OL's annual vocal contests were still occurring as late as 2016.[110] That year the company sold its premises on West King St due to financial strains.[111] It was purchased by the Triforce Audio company.[112] The company subsequently had a mailing address of 42 N. Prince St.[6]

OL continued to appear in the Lemonade Concert Series in 2017.[27] That same year gave a separate gala concert in the Santee Chapel at Lancaster Theological Seminary which featured the company's artist-in-residence, mezzo-soprano Cybele Gouverneur, formerly of Opera San José.[113] In 2019 OL once again staged Amahl and the Night Visitors in a co-production with Berks Opera (BO).[114] The company had earlier collaborated with BO on this same opera in 2015 for a production at The Ware Center after years of the organization giving annual stagings of this opera on its own.[85]

In 2021 OL merged with the Penn Square Music Festival and Penn Square Conservatory of Music to form Penn Square Music, a decision made partly due to the financial pressures created by the Covid-19 pandemic.[61] In 2023 Penn Square Music was re-named Penn Square Opera with Drackley remaining director of this newly formed organization.[115] The Lemonade Concert Series, no longer attached to the opera company, has continued in the 2020s.[116]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Sometimes incorrectly spelled as Opera Lancaster.

Citations

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 Bitting, Diane (February 23, 1990). "Frederick Robinson, 77, Opera Company Founder". Lancaster New Era. p. B3.
  2. 1 2 3 Kingston, Joseph T. (January 24, 1952). "Opera Workshop Revives City's Culture Tradition". Intelligencer Journal. p. 22.
  3. 1 2 3 Taylor, Sam (April 20, 1977). "Robinson Resigning as Director of LOW". Lancaster New Era. p. 44.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Holahan, Jane (February 20, 2002). "Labor of Love: Lancaster Opera Co. is Celebrating 50 Years of Melodicaly Rattling the Rafters". Lancaster New Era. pp. B1.
  5. 1 2 Odesser-Torpey 2008, p. 118.
  6. 1 2 Gottlieb 2017, p. 291.
  7. ↑ "Auditions Planned By Opera Workshop". LNP. October 28, 1951. p. 4.
  8. 1 2 3 Holahan, Jane (February 20, 2002). "Labor of Love: Lancaster Opera Co. is Celebrating 50 Years of Melodicaly Rattling the Rafters (part 2)". Lancaster New Era. pp. B2.
  9. ↑ Brandt, Deborah (April 23, 1978). "Hoping To Form Women's Auxiliary: Lancaster Opera Workshop Has Bleak Outlook Unless Future Productions Receive More Support". LNP. p. A12.
  10. 1 2 Mott, Kay (January 27, 1957). "Homegrown Opera: Lancaster Makes Its Miracles". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 9.
  11. ↑ Kingston, Joseph T. (May 5, 1960). "Opera's Triumphant Return: Butterly Hailed in Bow Here". Intelligencer Journal. p. 46.
  12. ↑ "Bing Sends Best Wishes For Success of Butterfly Here". Intelligencer Journal. April 22, 1960. p. 37.
  13. ↑ "Comic Opera at Fulton". Intelligencer Journal. September 7, 1965. p. 19.
  14. ↑ "Lancaster Opera Workshop". Lancaster New Era. November 9, 1968. p. 4.
  15. ↑ Little, Barbara (November 6, 1969). "Beal Delightful in La traviata". Intelligencer Journal. p. 58.
  16. ↑ "1953 Scenery Dusted For Opera". Lancaster New Era. November 3, 1970. p. 26.
  17. ↑ "Arts Festival Patron Deadline Nears". Lancaster New Era. April 27, 1972. p. 4.
  18. ↑ Taylor, Sam (November 30, 1973). "Globolinks, Real Opera Fun". Lancaster New Era. p. 24.
  19. ↑ "Top Talent Produces a Colorful Carmen". Intelligencer Journal. June 13, 1974. p. 88.
  20. ↑ Taylor, Sam (November 11, 1976). "Fun Filled Pirates of Penzance Is Another Feather in LOW's Cap". Lancaster New Era. p. 64.
  21. ↑ "TV Programs and Personalities". The Philadelphia Inquirer. July 8, 1962. p. 8, section TV.
  22. ↑ "The News of Television". The Philadelphia Daily News. October 17, 1964. p. 9.
  23. ↑ Henry, Helen (June 11, 1967). "Old Vitality, New Theatre". The Baltimore Sun. p. 15.
  24. ↑ "Operation Opera". The Baltimore Sun. June 9, 1967. p. B4.
  25. ↑ "TV Documentary". Lancaster New Era. May 4, 1967. p. 4.
  26. ↑ "Weekly Concerts Set This Summer". Intelligencer Journal. May 15, 1971. p. 11.
  27. 1 2 "Doctors prescribe Lemonade". LNP. June 15, 2017. p. 2EL.
  28. ↑ Roque-Lutz, Marichelle (September 7, 2007). "A Clowning Achievement". Intelligencer Journal. p. 2, section Music.
  29. ↑ "Pagliacci and Old Maid a Fine Pair". Lancaster New Era. November 5, 1970. p. 26.
  30. ↑ "Youth Contest Winners To Give Recital". Intelligencer Journal. June 5, 1970. p. 22.
  31. ↑ Knowles, Laura (December 28, 2003). "Citizen of the World: From the Halls of Elizabethtown High School to the stages of Europe, music has carried opera singer Robert Brubaker around the globe". LNP. p. H1.
  32. ↑ "He's Never Forgotten His Roots: John Darrenkamp May Have Spent 20 Years at the Met, but OperaLancaster Will Alway Be Home". Intelligencer Journal. February 22, 2006. p. 10.
  33. ↑ "Workshop's Amahl Stagings Applauded". LNP. December 6, 1959. p. 34.
  34. ↑ Molitoris, Cathy (December 17, 2015). "Amahl: A Family Story, a Family Tradition". LNP. p. EL13.
  35. ↑ Trachtenberg 2001, p. 38.
  36. ↑ "Music Director Retires". Lancaster New Era. April 11, 1997. p. 12.
  37. ↑ Taylor, Sam (April 20, 1978). "1st Woman To Lead Major Opera Here". Lancaster New Era. p. 68.
  38. ↑ Little, Barbara (May 7, 1979). "Yeomen of the Guard is a Happy Combination of Singing and Acting". Intelligencer Journal. p. 34.
  39. ↑ "LOW Underscores Magic Flute With Beautiful Singing and Staging". Lancaster New Era. May 3, 1980. p. 9.
  40. ↑ Ruth, Jim (November 9, 1980). "Dance is Kismet For Hello Kleimo". LNP. p. F2.
  41. ↑ "Bartered Bride Is Rollicking Fun Triumph". Lancaster New Era. March 28, 1981. p. 22.
  42. ↑ Taylor, Sam (October 24, 1981). "Musical Madness at Fulton: LOW's Comic Bent Showcased in Così". Lancaster New Era. p. 2.
  43. ↑ Taylor, Sam (March 20, 1982). "Refeshing Romeo & Juliet Crown LOW's 30th Year". Lancaster New Era. p. 20.
  44. ↑ "H.M.S. Pinafore at Fulton Opera". The Ephrata Review. March 3, 1983. p. 4.
  45. 1 2 Kumler Boyd, Karen (March 16, 1984). "LOW's Masterful One Act Opera The Medium Is Spell-Binding, Powerful". Lancaster New Era. p. 34.
  46. ↑ Kumler Boyd, Karen (May 9, 1985). "Packaging & Singing Veterans Take Leads in LOW's Elixir". Lancaster New Era. p. 2.
  47. ↑ "LOW's Consul Is Must See at Fulton". Lancaster New Era. November 1, 1985. p. 4.
  48. ↑ "Husband and Wife Team to Perform in Operetta". Intelligencer Journal. October 3, 1986. p. 28.
  49. ↑ "Opera: Susannah a Hit at Fulton". Intelligencer Journal. May 29, 1987. p. 19.
  50. ↑ Little, Barbara (January 12, 1988). "Name Change Voted By Opera Workshop; Select 2 Butterflies". Intelligencer Journal. p. 8.
  51. ↑ "Opera Workshop's Flair Comes Through Again In Butterfly". Lancaster New Era. February 8, 1988. p. 12.
  52. ↑ "Butterfly Returns". LNP. January 31, 1988. p. G3.
  53. ↑ Wlaschin 2009, p. 31.
  54. ↑ Holahan, Jane. "End of an Aria: Retiring Music Director Saw Opera Group Blossom Into Thriving Company Over Almost Half a Century". Lancaster New Era. p. A1.
  55. ↑ Little, Barbara (July 4, 1997). "Webber is Up to the Task". Intelligencer Journal. pp. B1, B2.
  56. ↑ "Iolanthe Is Fun Frothy and Fanciful". Intelligencer Journal. May 23, 1998. p. 13.
  57. ↑ "Hansel and Gretel a Treat for All Ages". Intelligencer Journal. February 21, 2000. p. B1.
  58. ↑ "Simulcast. Actors, Singers Bring Two Worlds Together". Lancaster New Era. June 3, 1999. p. 7, section Weekend.
  59. ↑ "A Little French Romance in Selections From Manon". Intelligencer Journal. September 15, 2000. p. 2, section Music.
  60. ↑ Little, Barbara (October 6, 2001). "Drackley Named Lancaster Opera Co. Director". Intelligencer Journal. p. 9.
  61. 1 2 Johnson, Gayle (August 29, 2021). "Opera Scores in Lancaster". LNP. pp. E5, E6.
  62. ↑ Holahan, Jane (May 5, 1988). "Gilbert and Sullivan Opera at Fulton". Lancaster New Era. p. 34.
  63. ↑ "The Lancaster Opera Company Presents The Most Happy Fella". May 29, 1989. p. 9.
  64. ↑ "Singer: Stars In Barber". Intelligencer Journal. September 9, 1989. p. 14.
  65. ↑ "LOC Engaging La traviata". LNP. January 27, 1991. p. H3.
  66. ↑ "Gondoliers at Fulton is Ridiculous, Timeless, and Often Enjoyable". Lancaster New Era. June 10, 1991. p. B1.
  67. ↑ "A Little Night Music Takes A Lot of Preparation". Intelligencer Journal. February 28, 1992. p. 15.
  68. ↑ "Good Bad Guy Raises Operatic Roof at Tosca Fulton". Lancaster New Era. September 27, 1993. p. B6.
  69. ↑ "Magic Flute". Lancaster New Era. May 18, 1995. p. 13, section Weekend.
  70. ↑ "You Think You Are Unlucky in Love? Go See Hoffmann". Lancaster New Era. June 8, 1996. p. B7.
  71. ↑ "Falstaff Humorous Yet Artful". Intelligencer Journal. October 30, 1998. p. 12.
  72. ↑ "The Lancaster Opera Company". The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 10, 1999. p. D9.
  73. ↑ Little, Barbara (October 14, 2000). "And a Bubbly Good Time Was Had By All". Intelligencer Journal. p. 16.
  74. ↑ "Figaro is a Strong Production". Lancaster New Era. June 7, 1993. p. 10.
  75. ↑ Holahan, Jane (October 6, 2001). "The Marriage of Figaro Great Start to the Lancaster Opera Company season". Lancaster New Era. p. 12.
  76. ↑ "Opera: Company Performs Carmen". Intelligencer Journal. February 23, 2002. p. 12.
  77. ↑ Moyer, Karl E. (May 27, 1990). "Group Puts an LOC on La bohème Production at Fulton". LNP. p. B11.
  78. ↑ Ritzel, Rebecca J. (September 26, 2003). "Fulton's La bohème Tells Old Story in New Setting". Intelligencer Journal. p. 43.
  79. 1 2 Lindt, Susan (July 7, 2004). "Opera Silenced (part 2)". Intelligencer Journal. p. A10.
  80. ↑ "Curtain Closes on Lancaster Opera Company". Lancaster New Era. July 7, 2004. p. A9.
  81. ↑ Lindt, Susan (July 7, 2004). "Opera Company Silenced: Board Breakup Dooms Lancaster troupe; Longtime Member Hopes to Revive It". Intelligencer Journal. p. 1.
  82. 1 2 "Opera Continues in Lancaster". Intelligencer Journal. September 15, 2004. pp. B1, B2.
  83. ↑ Bitts, Mary Alice (February 13, 2005). "OperaLancaster Sings Out In Celebration of New Status". LNP. p. H3.
  84. ↑ "Following the Star: Reborn Opera Company to Perform Old Favorite Amahl and the Night Visitors". Lancaster New Era. December 2, 2004. p. 14.
  85. 1 2 Molitoris, Cathy (December 17, 2015). "Amahl: A Family Story, a Family Tradition". LNP. p. EL13.
  86. ↑ "The Season Isn't Over Until Amahl Sings". Intelligencer Journal. January 18, 2008. p. 3, section Theater.
  87. ↑ "Legal Eagles Spread Wings in OperaLancaster's Jury". LNP. October 9, 2005. p. H6.
  88. ↑ Buescher, James (September 17, 2006). "OperaLancaster Stages Bernstein Classic Candide". LNP. p. H1.
  89. ↑ Buescher, James (March 4, 2007). "Opera Review: EPAC Hosts Witty Mikado". LNP. p. H1.
  90. ↑ "OperaLancaster Not Clowning Around With Its Pagliacci". LNP. August 19, 2007. p. H8.
  91. ↑ Roque-Lutz, Marichelle (September 5, 2008). "Comedy and tragedy — and Puccini all over: OperaLancaster Celebrating Composer's 150th Birthday with 2 One-Act Operas". Intelligencer Journal. p. 8, section Art/Music.
  92. ↑ Roque-Lutz, Marichelle (September 6, 2009). "A Light That's Shining With Passion". LNP. p. H3.
  93. ↑ Roque-Lutz, Marichelle (February 26, 2009). "Cavalleria: a bold, passionate, tragic story. OperaLancaster's 58th Season Gets Under Way". Lancaster New Era. p. 14, section Entertainment.
  94. ↑ Roque-Lutz, Marichelle (February 22, 2009). "A Happy Medium: OperaLancaster Balances Spare With Spectacle". LNP. pp. H1, H3.
  95. ↑ "Curtain Will Rise on Classic Boheme". LNP. March 7, 2010. p. H1.
  96. ↑ Holahan, Jane (September 17, 2010). "Intriguing O'Keeffe premieres at Roschel". Intelligencer Journal. p. 5.
  97. ↑ Holahan, Jane (March 12, 2010). "3 tenors for a 3-hankie weeper: OperaLancaster's production of Puccini's La bohème opens". Intelligencer Journal. p. 14.
  98. ↑ Holahan, Jane (October 7, 2011). "Cosi Fan Dixie: Mozart's Comic Opera Gets a Southern Spin". Intelligencer Journal. p. 13.
  99. ↑ Knowles, Laura (June 17, 2011). "OperaLancaster's Tosca Takes Diva Drama Over the Top". Intelligencer Journal. p. 13, section The Stage.
  100. ↑ "Butterfly Returns to OperaLancaster Stage". LNP. April 29, 2012. p. E1.
  101. ↑ Holahan, Jane (May 10, 2013). "Good V.S. Evil: OperaLancaster Takes on Faust". Intelligencer Journal. p. 11, section Entertainment.
  102. ↑ "Love's on the line at OperaLancaster". Intelligencer Journal. February 15, 2013. p. 12.
  103. ↑ "Singers Go Steampunk in Opera Lancaster's Hansel and Gretel". Intelligencer Journal. March 6, 2014. p. 15, section The Stage.
  104. ↑ Gereben, Janos (September 4, 2019). "Enjoy San Francisco Opera On a Budget". The San Francisco Examiner. p. A11.
  105. ↑ "Symphony: New Year's Eve Concert". LNP. December 25, 2014. p. 12.
  106. ↑ "Opera: Don Pasquale". LNP. May 28, 2015. p. 58.
  107. ↑ "No Fool Like an Old Fool". LNP. May 28, 2015. p. EL10.
  108. ↑ "Heres Whats Coming". LNP. June 4, 2015. p. El6.
  109. ↑ "Opera: Dido and Aeneas". LNP. October 8, 2015. p. EL25.
  110. ↑ "Lemonade Concert Will Feature Vocal Contest Winners". Lititz Record. June 23, 2016. p. B5.
  111. ↑ Knapp, Tom (March 6, 2016). "No, the fat lady is not singing for OperaLancaster". LNP. p. 6.
  112. ↑ "Original Musical to Introduce Ton-Taun's Latest EP". LNP. November 27, 2016. p. 28.
  113. ↑ "OperaLancaster Opening Gala Concert". LNP. November 16, 2017. p. El5.
  114. ↑ "Amahl and the Night Visitors". The Morning Call. January 3, 2019. p. 8.
  115. ↑ Wright, Mary Ellen (July 23, 2023). "At the Opera: Under new name, Penn Square Opera to Present Traditional Titles in Nontraditional Ways". LNP. p. E7.
  116. ↑ Schlinkman, Olivia (July 9, 2023). "At age 88, John Darrenkamp is still performing; opera star looks back on career before Lancaster Lemonade concert". Lancaster Online.

Bibliography

[edit]
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