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Clean Air Zone

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Clean Air Zone
White cloud symbol on a light green circle
Clean Air Zone traffic sign symbol
LocationSee § List of Clean Air Zones
Launched5 March 2021 (in Bath)[1]

A Clean Air Zone (CAZ) is an area, such as a city[2] or part of a city,[3] where targeted action is taken to improve air quality.[4] One definition is "a specified area in which vehicles are required to meet minimum emission standards."[5] Action is often aimed at city transport.[6] However some cities describe their general clean air program as a CAZ and the traffic part as a low-emission zone.[5]

The main purpose of a CAZ is to reduce deaths and disease from air pollution. Other benefits may include increased productivity and road safety. Public consultation is key when trying to create a CAZ. When creating a CAZ public transport may be upgraded.[5]

Breathe Cities is a collaboration between Bloomberg Philanthropies, Clean Air Fund and C40 Cities[7] which supports cities to have cleaner air by helping with data, awareness, policymaking and co-operation between cities.[8]

Benefits

[edit]

Children's lungs may be healthier.[9] Cardiovascular health may be improved.[10] Workforce productivity may increase due to less sickness.[11]

United Kingdom

[edit]

Whether a vehicle is charged when entering or moving through a CAZ depends on the type of vehicle and the Euro standard of the vehicle. The amount charged is up to the local authority responsible for the CAZ. Ultra-low-emission vehicles are not charged when entering or moving through a Clean Air Zone.

Classes of charging Clean Air Zone

[edit]
Class Vehicle Euro Category Charge applies to vehicles
below this Euro standard
Class A Bus[a]
Coach[a]		 M3 Euro VI
Taxi and private hire M2, M1 Euro 6 (diesel)
Euro 4 (petrol)
Class B Bus[a]
Coach[a]		 M3 Euro VI
Heavy goods vehicle (HGV) [b] N2, N3
Taxi and private hire M2, M1 Euro 6 (diesel)
Euro 4 (petrol)
Class C Bus[a]
Coach[a]		 M3 Euro VI
Heavy goods vehicle (HGV)[b] N2, N3
Taxi and private hire M2, M1 Euro 6 (diesel)
Euro 4 (petrol)
Minibus[c] M2
Light goods vehicle (LGV)[d] N1
Class D Bus[a]
Coach[a]		 M3 Euro VI
Heavy goods vehicle (HGV)[b] N2, N3
Minibus[c] M2 Euro 6 (diesel)
Euro 4 (petrol)
Light goods vehicle (LGV)[d] N1
Taxi and private hire M1
Private cars
Motorcycles (optional)
Mopeds (optional)		 N/a Euro 3

List of Clean Air Zones

[edit]
Operational
[edit]
Region Type Date of implementation Scope Notes References
Bath Class C 15 March 2021[1] A wide central area Reduced nitrogen dioxide levels by 26% in 2022/2023, meeting legal standards. [12][13]
Birmingham Class D 1 June 2021 All the roads within but not including the A4540 Ring Road [14][15]
Bradford Class C+ September 2022 The area inside and including the Bradford outer ring road, extending to Shipley and Saltaire. [16]
Bristol Class D 28 November 2022 A wide central area extending the North Somerset boundary, including the main route between Wales and Bristol Airport. Originally planned as class B with additional diesel vehicle ban in parts of city centre between 07:00 and 15:00. Changed to class D due to government rejection. [17][18]
Derby Non-charging 2020 Traffic management measures on Stafford Street [19]
Newcastle Class C July 2022 City centre, including bridges over the River Tyne and bridge approaches across the river in Gateshead [20]
Nottingham Non-charging 2020 Retrofitting buses, regulating taxis, converting council-owned vehicles [21]
Portsmouth Class B 29 November 2021 City centre area excluding port and naval base [22]
Sheffield Class C 27 February 2023 Inner ring road and the city centre [23]
Southampton Non-charging 2020 Retrofitting buses, regulating taxis, cleaner fuels and equipment at Southampton's port, cycling infrastructure [24]
Planned or suspended
[edit]
Region Type Scope Notes References
Greater Manchester Class B All local roads in the county Taxis and private hire vehicles registered within county exempt for first 12 months. Under review. [25][26][27]
Leeds Class B City centre All roads within the boundary of the A61 and A63. Plans postponed in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic in England. [28][29]
Leicester Class A Plans scrapped. [30]

Other emission zones

[edit]
Other LEZ in the UK
Region Type Start date Scope Notes/references
London LEZ 2008 Covers HGVs and buses around the

Greater London area
London ULEZ 2019 (expanded in

2021 and 2023)[e]

 Covers all other vehicles in the same

area as the LEZ
Oxford ZEZ 2022 Covers all non-electric vehicles in the city centre.

Operational 07:00 to 19:00 including Sundays

 [f]
Glasgow LEZ 2018 (expanded to

cars in 2023)

 Covers the city centre [g]

Notes

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) more than 5,000 kilograms (5.0 t) and carries 8 or more passengers.
  2. 1 2 3 Goods vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) over 3,500 kilograms (3.5 t).
  3. 1 2 Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) less than 5,000 kilograms (5.0 t) and carries 8 or more passengers.
  4. 1 2 Goods vehicle with a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) under 3,500 kilograms (3.5 t).
  5. ↑ the initial ULEZ covered the same area as the congestion charge zone before expanding to cover the areas within (but not including) the A406/A205 in 2021. This was later expanded to cover the same area as the LEZ in 2023
  6. ↑ First zero emission zone in the UK
  7. ↑ Unlike other LEZ/CAZ schemes, non-complaint vehicles cannot pay to enter Glasgow's LEZ and will be fined £60.[31]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Bath's Clean Air Zone: Annual report summary 2021 (PDF). Bath: Bath & North East Somerset Council. 16 June 2022. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  2. ↑ "Clean Air Zones in Asian Cities: Lessons and Reflections". Clean Air Fund. Retrieved 10 September 2026.
  3. ↑ "C40 Knowledge Community". www.c40knowledgehub.org. Retrieved 10 September 2026.
  4. ↑ "Clean Air Zone Framework" (PDF). DEFRA and DfT. May 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 "Clean Air Zones: Practical Guidance for Cities" (PDF). Some cities define their wider clean air programme as a CAZ, which could include a LEZ as a centrepiece.
  6. ↑ Erekat, Ala'; Okour, Yasmein (12 January 2026). "Challenges and opportunities of clean air zone planning: a case study of Amman, Jordan". Frontiers in Sustainable Cities. 7. Frontiers. doi:10.3389/frsc.2025.1696698. ISSN 2624-9634.
  7. ↑ "Who we are". Breathe Cities. Retrieved 11 September 2026.
  8. ↑ "What we do". Breathe Cities. Retrieved 11 September 2026.
  9. ↑ "London's clean air zone linked to improvement in children's lung health".
  10. ↑ "Bradford clean air zone brings £180m health benefits - study". www.bbc.com. 18 December 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2026.
  11. ↑ "Cleaner air in cities benefits health and the economy". CBI. Retrieved 10 September 2026.
  12. ↑ "Bath's Clean Air Zone". Bath and North East Somerset Council.
  13. ↑ Barltrop, Paul (25 August 2023). "Bath air quality improves since introduction of clean air zone". BBC News. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  14. ↑ "A clean air zone for Birmingham". Birmingham City Council.
  15. ↑ "Clean Air Zone timing and charges | A clean air zone for Birmingham | Birmingham City Council".
  16. ↑ "Bradford Clean Air Zone to start in January 2022". BBC News. 2 March 2021.
  17. ↑ Cork, Tristan (6 July 2022). "Clean Air Zone start date finally announced". Bristol Post. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  18. ↑ Rob. "CHARGES". Clean Air for Bristol. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  19. ↑ "Derby submit Outline Business Case to government which confirms no CAZ". Air Quality News. 5 March 2019.
  20. ↑ "Latest delays to Newcastle Clean Air Zone pollution tolls 'condemning more of us to early deaths'". The Northern Echo. 26 July 2021.
  21. ↑ "GClean air zone proposals". Sheffield City Council.
  22. ↑ "Charging Clean Air Zone". Portsmouth City Council.
  23. ↑ "Clean air zone proposals". Sheffield City Council.
  24. ↑ "Clean Air Update". Southampton City Countil. January 2019. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  25. ↑ "Greater Manchester Clean Air Plan proposals". Clean Air GM.
  26. ↑ "Greater Manchester delays CAZ until 2022". Air Quality News. 21 May 2020.
  27. ↑ "GMCA 210621 Report Clean Air Plan" (PDF). GMCA. 25 June 2021.
  28. ↑ "Air Quality". Leeds City Council.
  29. ↑ "Leeds Clean Air Zone suspended for the foreseeable future". Air Quality News. 19 August 2020.
  30. ↑ "Leicester CAZ plans scrapped". Air Quality News. 6 April 2021.
  31. ↑ "Glasgow's Low Emission Zone". Glasgow City Council. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clean_Air_Zone&oldid=1374382980"