Burnous
A burnous (Tamazight: Abarnus, ⴰⴱⴰⵔⵏⵓⵙ), also burnoose, burnouse, bournous or barnous, is a long cloak of coarse woollen fabric with a pointed hood, often white, traditionally worn by Northwest African men.[1] Historically, the white burnous was worn during important events by men of high positions. Today, men of different social standing may wear it for ceremonial occasions, such as weddings or on religious and national holidays.[2][3][4]
Origin
[edit source]In antiquity this garment was referred to as byruss Numidicus meaning "Numidian hooded cloak" and was mentioned as such in the Expositio totius mundi et gentium.[5] In the Maghreb, the colour of the burnous may be white, beige, or dark brown. The burnous was worn by the Numidians.[6] There are rock engravings near Sigus that attest the existence of the burnous in the ancient times and that it was worn by the Numidians.[7][8] Additionally, further examples can be observed in funerary monuments located in the area of Tigzirt.[6]
Cultural significance
[edit source]In Algeria
[edit source]
During the French colonial period in Algeria (1830–1962), the burnous became a symbol of identity for Algerians. Many Algerians, including those who were not nomadic, began wearing the burnous as a way to assert their cultural heritage and resist French influence.
The burnous was also worn during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962), both as a symbol of resistance and as a practical garment for guerrilla fighters operating in the mountains and deserts.[9]
Today, the burnous remains an important symbol of Algerian culture and identity. It is often worn on special occasions, such as weddings and religious festivals, and is sometimes used as a costume in traditional dance performances.[10][11] It also forms part of the ceremonial uniform worn by the mounted cavalry detachment of the Algerian Republican Guard.
Burnous in other cultures
[edit source]The burnous became a distinctive part of the uniform of the French Army of Africa's spahi cavalry, recruited in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia.[12] It was also sometimes worn unofficially by officers or soldiers of other units in North Africa. The white burnous remains part of the parade uniform of the one remaining spahi regiment of the French Army: the 1st Spahi Regiment.[13]
Other names for a burnous include albornoz, sbernia, sberna, and bernusso.
See also
[edit source]References
[edit source]- ↑ "Burnous". Berber Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2026-07-04.
- ↑ CHANCEL, Ausone de (1858). D'une immigration de noirs libres en Algérie (in French). Bastide. p. 40.
- ↑ Encyclopédie du costume: des peuples de l'Antiquité à nos jours ainsi que, Nouvelles editions latines. Maurice Cottaz. (1990). Page 80. ISBN 2-7233-0421-3. Date:02-08-2016.
- ↑ El Briga, C. (1992). "Burnous". Encyclopédie berbère (11): 1668–1669. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1883 – via journals.openedition.org.
- ↑ Wilson, Andrew. "Archaeological evidence for textile production and dyeing in Roman North Africa." Purpureae Vestes. Textiles y tintes del Mediterráneo en época romana (2004): 155-164.
- 1 2 Osmani, Lamri (2024). "Numidian Clothing Through Archaeological Sources and Evidence". Kurdish Studies. 12 (4): 354. doi:10.53555/ks.v12i4.2963. ISSN 2051-4883.
- ↑ Ancient Civilizations of Africa. G. Mokhtar. UNESCO.
- ↑ Rome depuis sa fondation jusqu'a la chute de l'empire par Mary Lafon. Mary-Lafon. Furne.
- ↑ Barbet, Charles (1898). Au pays des burnous: impressions et croquis d'Algérie. Mallebay.
- ↑ McDougall, James (2008). "The Burnous in Algerian Memory and History". Journal of North African Studies. 13 (1).
- ↑ Fisquet, Honoré (1842). Histoire de l'Algérie depuis les temps anciens jusqu'à nos jours, etc (in French). A la Direction. pp. 89–92.
- ↑ Montagon, Pierre. L'Armee d'Afrique. De 1830 a l'independence de l'Algerie. p. 94. ISBN 978-2-7564-0574-2.
- ↑ Galliac, Paul (2012). L' Armee Francaise. p. 20. ISBN 978-2-35250-195-4.
External links
[edit source]
Media related to Burnus at Wikimedia Commons
