AMY1A

AMY1A
Identifiers
Aliases	AMY1A, AMY1, amylase, alpha 1A (salivary), amylase alpha 1A (salivary), amylase alpha 1A
External IDs	OMIM: 104700; GeneCards: AMY1A
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1C8Q, 1JXJ, 1JXK, 1MFU, 1MFV, 1NM9, 1Q4N, 1SMD, 1XV8, 1Z32, 3BLK, 3BLP, 3DHP
Enzyme activity
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	103,664,554 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	body of pancreas; ; testicle; ; right uterine tube; ; gonad; ; olfactory zone of nasal mucosa; ; tonsil; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; placenta; ; left lobe of thyroid gland; ; salivary gland;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; alpha-amylase activity; hydrolase activity; catalytic activity; metal ion binding; hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds; cation binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular exosome; extracellular space;
Biological process	digestion; metabolism; carbohydrate metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	276
	n/a
	ENSG00000237763
	n/a
	P0DUB6
	n/a
	NM_004038; NM_001008221
	n/a
	NP_001008222; NP_004029
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Alpha-amylase 1A is a digestive enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AMY1A gene.^[3] This enzyme is found in saliva and functions to start the break down of carbohydrates like starch.^[4] AMY1A is one of a collection of nearby human genes (including AMY1B and AMY1C) that encode identical saliva alpha-amylase proteins, with the exact number of genes varying from individual to individual.^[4]^[5]

Function

Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either the salivary glands (AMY1A, AMY1B, and AMY1C)^[5] or pancreas (AMY2A and AMY2B)^[5]. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the salivary gland. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.^[3]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000237763 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: AMY1A amylase, alpha 1A; salivary".
1 2 "Alpha-amylase 1A". uniprot.org. UniProt consortium. Retrieved 2026-09-13.
1 2 3 Butterworth PJ, Warren FJ, Ellis PR (July 2011). "Human α‐amylase and starch digestion: An interesting marriage". Starch‐Stärke. 63 (7): 395–405. doi:10.1002/star.201000150.

Bank RA, Hettema EH, Arwert F, et al. (1991). "Electrophoretic characterization of posttranslational modifications of human parotid salivary alpha-amylase". Electrophoresis. 12 (1): 74–9. doi:10.1002/elps.1150120114. PMID 1710976. S2CID 27328712.
Groot PC, Mager WH, Henriquez NV, et al. (1991). "Evolution of the human alpha-amylase multigene family through unequal, homologous, and inter- and intrachromosomal crossovers". Genomics. 8 (1): 97–105. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90230-R. PMID 2081604.
Nishide T, Nakamura Y, Emi M, et al. (1986). "Primary structure of human salivary alpha-amylase gene". Gene. 41 (2–3): 299–304. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(86)90110-1. PMID 2423416.
Davis MM, Hodes ME, Munsick RA, et al. (1986). "Pancreatic amylase expression in human pancreatic development". Hybridoma. 5 (2): 137–45. doi:10.1089/hyb.1986.5.137. PMID 2424823.
Handy DE, Larsen SH, Karn RC, Hodes ME (1987). "Identification of a human salivary amylase gene. Partial sequence of genomic DNA suggests a mode of regulation different from that of mouse, Amy1". Mol. Biol. Med. 4 (3): 145–55. PMID 2442579.
Horii A, Emi M, Tomita N, et al. (1988). "Primary structure of human pancreatic alpha-amylase gene: its comparison with human salivary alpha-amylase gene". Gene. 60 (1): 57–64. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90213-7. hdl:11094/36665. PMID 2450054.
Gumucio DL, Wiebauer K, Caldwell RM, et al. (1988). "Concerted evolution of human amylase genes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (3): 1197–205. doi:10.1128/MCB.8.3.1197. PMC 363264. PMID 2452973.
Samuelson LC, Wiebauer K, Gumucio DL, Meisler MH (1988). "Expression of the human amylase genes: recent origin of a salivary amylase promoter from an actin pseudogene". Nucleic Acids Res. 16 (17): 8261–76. doi:10.1093/nar/16.17.8261. PMC 338557. PMID 2458567.
Groot PC, Bleeker MJ, Pronk JC, et al. (1989). "The human alpha-amylase multigene family consists of haplotypes with variable numbers of genes". Genomics. 5 (1): 29–42. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90083-9. PMID 2788608.
Pronk JC, Frants RR, Jansen W, et al. (1982). "Evidence of duplication of the human salivary amylase gene". Hum. Genet. 60 (1): 32–5. doi:10.1007/BF00281260. PMID 6176528. S2CID 37322144.
Zabel BU, Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, et al. (1984). "High-resolution chromosomal localization of human genes for amylase, proopiomelanocortin, somatostatin, and a DNA fragment (D3S1) by in situ hybridization". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 (22): 6932–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.22.6932. PMC 390100. PMID 6196780.
Tricoli JV, Shows TB (1984). "Regional assignment of human amylase (AMY) to p22----p21 of chromosome 1". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 10 (2): 205–10. doi:10.1007/BF01534909. PMID 6608795. S2CID 21230969.
Nishide T, Emi M, Nakamura Y, Matsubara K (1984). "Corrected sequences of cDNAs for human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases [corrected]". Gene. 28 (2): 263–70. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(84)90265-8. PMID 6610603.
Seyama K, Nukiwa T, Takahashi K, et al. (1994). "Amylase mRNA transcripts in normal tissues and neoplasms: the implication of different expressions of amylase isogenes". J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 120 (4): 213–20. doi:10.1007/BF01372559. PMC 12200366. PMID 7507116. S2CID 6897149.
Ragunath C, Sundar K, Ramasubbu N (2002). "Expression, characterization, and biochemical properties of recombinant human salivary amylase". Protein Expr. Purif. 24 (2): 202–11. doi:10.1006/prep.2001.1559. PMID 11858714.
Hokari S, Miura K, Koyama I, et al. (2002). "A restriction endonuclease assay for expression of human alpha-amylase isozymes". Clin. Chim. Acta. 322 (1–2): 113–6. doi:10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00161-4. PMID 12104089.
Furusawa M, Taira T, Iguchi-Ariga SM, Ariga H (2003). "AMY-1 interacts with S-AKAP84 and AKAP95 in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, respectively, and inhibits cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity by preventing binding of its catalytic subunit to A-kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP) complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (52): 50885–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206387200. PMID 12414807.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Ramasubbu N, Ragunath C, Mishra PJ (2003). "Probing the role of a mobile loop in substrate binding and enzyme activity of human salivary amylase". J. Mol. Biol. 325 (5): 1061–76. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01326-8. PMID 12527308.
Kandra L, Gyémánt G, Remenyik J, et al. (2003). "Subsite mapping of human salivary alpha-amylase and the mutant Y151M". FEBS Lett. 544 (1–3): 194–8. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.544..194K. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00495-2. PMID 12782315. S2CID 83561963.

External links

Human AMY1A genome location and AMY1A gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P04745 (Alpha-amylase 1) at the PDBe-KB.^{[dead link]}