Timeline of Dresden
Timeline of Dresden
Historical affiliations
Historical affiliations
Margravate of Meissen, 1206–1316
Margraviate of Brandenburg 1316–1319
Electorate of Saxony, 1423–1485
Duchy of Saxony, 1485–1547
Kingdom of Saxony, 1806–1848
German Empire, 1848–1849
North German Confederation (Kingdom of Saxony), 1867–1871
Weimar Republic (Free State of Saxony), 1918–1933
Nazi Germany, 1933–1945
Soviet occupation zone of Germany, 1945–1949
East Germany, 1949–1990
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony.
Prior to 18th century
[edit]
- 1206 – First documentation of "Dresdene".[1]
- 1215 – Nikolaikirche founded.
- 1272 – Franziskanerkloster founded.
- 1309 – City seal incorporates coat of arms of Dresden.
- 1350 – First documentation of Altendresden (today Innere Neustadt) at the northern side of the Elbe.
- 1351 – Sophienkirche built.
- 1388 – Kreuzkirche consecrated.
- 1400 – Busmannkapelle built.
- 1409 – Armory established.
- 1434 – Striezelmarkt occurring.
- 1524 – Printing press in operation.[2]
- 1530 – City expands.
- 1548 – Orchestra founded.
- 1563 – Dresdner Zeughaus built.[3]
- 1589 – Johanneum built.[3]
- 1666 – Premiere of Schütz's St Matthew Passion.[4]
- 1667 – Opera house opens.[4]
- 1678 – "Elector of Saxony's Players" dramatic troupe(de) headquartered in Dresden (approximate date).[5]
- 1695 – Parade of Frederick Augustus I.[6][7]
- 1697 – Population: 40,000 (approximate).[8]
- 1700 – Von Tschirnhaus glassworks set up.[9]
18th century
[edit]
- 1704 – Palais Flemming-Sulkowski built.
- 1708 – Porcelain developed by Johann Friedrich Böttger.[9]
- 1710 – Meissen porcelain manufactory begins operating near city.[10]
- 1717 – Japanisches Palais built.[3]
- 1718 – Royal Palace rebuilt.[3]
- 1719 – Wedding reception of Polish Prince Frederick Augustus and Maria Josepha of Austria.
- 1720 – Catholic Cemetery opens by decree of King Augustus II the Strong.[11]
- 1722
- Zwinger built.[3][10]
- Picture Gallery founded.[3]
- 1723
- Grünes Gewölbe founded.
- Pillnitz Castle built.
- 1724 – Royal Cabinet of Mathematical and Physical Instruments established.
- 1726 – Übigau Palace completed.[12]
- 1729 – Wackerbarth-Palais built.
- 1733 – Villages of Gorbitz and Übigau (present-day districts) granted to Aleksander Józef Sułkowski by Augustus III of Poland.[12]
- 1736 – Equestrian sculpture of Polish King August the Strong unveiled.
- 1743 – Frauenkirche built.[8]
- 1745 – City "taken by the Russians."[13]
- 1748 – Collegium Medico Chirurgicum established.
- 1755 – Population: 63,000 (approximate).[8]
- 1756 – Catholic Church of the Royal Court built.[8]
- 1759 – September: "Dresden liberated from Prussians."[14]
- 1760 – July: Siege of Dresden.[14][15]
- 1763 – Death and burial of King Augustus III of Poland at the Catholic Church of the Royal Court.
- 1764 – Dresden Art Academy founded.
- 1776 – Landhaus built.
- 1784 – Observatory established.
- 1788 – Saxon Library opens.
- 1793 – Tadeusz Kościuszko begins preparations for the Kościuszko Uprising in the city in response to the Second Partition of Poland.[16]
19th century
[edit]
- 1807 – Constitution of the Duchy of Warsaw promulgated.
- 1809 – Austrians in power.[15]
- 1813 – 26–27 August: Battle of Dresden.[13][17]
- 1814 – Großer Garten opens to the public.
- 1818 – Ernst Arnold gallery established.[18]
- 1823 – Jordan & Timaeus chocolate manufactury established.[9]
- 1828 – Saxon Technical School founded.[19]
- 1831 – Many Polish insurgents of the November Uprising fled from the Russian Partition of Poland to the city.[20]
- 1833 – Isis Society (natural history) founded.[21]
- 1835 – Polish composer Fryderyk Chopin met his future fiancée Maria Wodzinska in the city.[22]
- 1838 – Dresden Coinage Convention held in city.[23]
- 1839 – Leipzig–Dresden railway begins operating.[24]
- 1841 – Opera house built.
- 1843 – Jam factory begins operating.[25]
- 1845 – Flood.
- 1845 – 19 October: Premiere of Wagner's opera Tannhäuser.[26]
- 1849 – May Uprising in Dresden.[17]
- 1852
- Marien Brucke (bridge) constructed.[27]
- Population: 100,000.
- 1854 – Semper Gallery[3] and Schloss Albrechtsberg built.
- 1855 – September: Royal Gallery opens.[28]
- 1856 – Dresden Conservatory established.[26]
- 1858 – Population: 128,152.[29]
- 1861 – Dresden Zoo opens.[30]
- 1866 – Prussians in power.[15]
- 1870 – Gewerbehausorchester founded.[31]
- 1871 – Military facility built in Albertstadt.[citation needed]
- 1874 – Dresden English Football Club confirmed.
- 1875 – Dresden Museum of Ethnology founded.
- 1876 – Fürstenzug created.
- 1878 – Opera house rebuilt.
- 1889
- Albertinum built.[3]
- Dresden Botanical Garden created.
- 1891 – Dresden City Museum founded.
- 1893 – Blue Wonder bridge constructed.
- 1895 – Dresden Funicular Railway begins operating.
- 1897 – Dresden Central Station built.
- 1898
- Ernemann-Werke camera factory in operation.
- Dresdner SC football club formed.
20th century
[edit]1900-1945
[edit]
- 1901
- Dresden-Neustadt station opens.
- Schwebebahn Dresden begins operating.
- 1903
- German City Exhibit held.[32]
- Simmel delivers The Metropolis and Mental Life lecture.[33]
- 1904 – Ministry building constructed.
- 1905 – 9 December: Premiere of Strauss' opera Salome.
- 1910
- Städtische Zentralbibliothek, Dresden (city library) formed.[34]
- Augustus Bridge constructed.
- 1911
- Dresden Museums Association formed.
- Premiere of Strauss' opera Der Rosenkavalier.[35]
- 1912 – Ihagee camera company and German Hygiene Museum founded.
- 1914 – Saxon army museum established.
- 1919
- Stadion am Ostragehege des Dresdner SC opens.
- Population: 529,326.[36]
- 1923 – Glücksgas Stadium built.
- 1932 – Polish-language church services cancelled.[20]
- 1933 – Population: 649,252.
- 1935 – Dresden-Klotzsche Airport opens.
- 1939
- September: Mass arrests of local Polish activists (see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).[37]
- Population: 625,174.[15]
- 1940 – Hans Nieland becomes mayor.
- 1942
- June: Subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp founded at the SS Engineer's Barracks.[38]
- 23–24 August: Twelve young Polish men, members of the Czarny Legion resistance organization, executed.[39]
- 24 August: Five Polish students of the Salesian oratory in Poznań, known as the "Poznań Five" (Poznańska Piątka), later beatified martyrs of World War II of the Catholic Church, executed.[40]
- 1944
- 15 September: Subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp founded at the Railway Repair Works. Its prisoners were mostly Poles and Russians.[41]
- 9 October: Two women subcamps of Flossenbürg founded at the Goehle-Werk and Universelle factories. Its prisoners were mostly Poles, Russians and Germans.[42][43]
- 22 October: Dresden-Reick subcamp of Flossenbürg founded. Its prisoners were mostly Polish, Russian and Jewish women.[44]
- 24 November: Dresden-Bernsdorf subcamp of Flossenbürg founded. Its prisoners were mostly Polish-Jewish men, women and children.[45]
- 1945
- 13–14 February: Aerial bombing by Allied forces.[46]
- 19 February: Subcamp of Flossenbürg at the Railway Repair Works dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Flossenbürg camp.[41]
- 24 March: Dresden-Reichsbahn subcamp of Flossenbürg founded. Its prisoners were mostly Polish, Jewish and Russian men.[47]
- April: Goehle-Werk, Bernsdorf, Reichsbahn, Universelle and SS Engineer's Barracks subcamps of Flossenbürg dissolved. Prisoners either deported or mostly sent on death marches to various other locations.[38][42][43][45][47]
- 22–27 April: Battle of Dresden
- April: Reick subcamp of Flossenbürg dissolved. Prisoners sent on a death march to the Ore Mountains.[44]
- 8 May: Russians take city.[15]
1946-1990s
[edit]- 1946
- Sächsische Zeitung begins publication.
- Population: 450,000.
- 1950
- SG Deutsche Volkspolizei Dresden football club founded.
- Botanical Garden restored.
- Hellerau and Pillnitz incorporated into city.
- 1956 – Dresden Transport Museum opens.
- 1959 – Galerie Neue Meister formed.
- 1960 – Józef Ignacy Kraszewski Museum opens at his former house.
- 1961 – Dresden University of Technology formed.
- 1972 – Filmtheater Prager Strasse opens.[48]
- 1973 – Dresden S-Bahn established.
- 1983
- Staatsschauspiel Dresden formed.
- Population: 522,532.
- 1986 – Pinova apple created.[49]
- 1989
- protests stop the planned high-purity silicon factory[50]
- trains with East German embassy refugees from Prague pass Dresden main station with demonstrations and clashes with the police[51][circular reference]
- Monday demonstrations
- 1990 – Dresdner Neueste Nachrichten begins publication.
- 1991
- Bunte Republik Neustadt festival begins.
- Fußballverein Dresden-Nord formed.
- 1992
- Soviet forces withdrawn.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf established.
- 1996 – Dresdner Sinfoniker founded.
- 2000 – Stadtarchiv Dresden (city archives) relocated to Elisabeth-Boer-Strasse.[52]
21st century
[edit]
- 2002
- Elbe Flood.[53]
- Volkswagen's Transparent Factory opens.
- 2004
- Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory established.
- Dresden Elbe Valley designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 2005
- Dresden Frauenkirche rebuilt.
- Dresden City Art Gallery opens.
- Neo-Nazi demonstration.
- 2006 – 800th anniversary of founding of Dresden.
- 2007
- Freiberger Arena opens.
- Waldschlösschen Bridge construction begins.
- 2008
- Helma Orosz becomes mayor.[54]
- December: City hosts the 38th Chess Olympiad.
- 2009 – Dresden Elbe Valley's UNESCO World Heritage Site status is revoked.
- 2010 – Anti-fascist demonstration.
- 2011
- Bundeswehr Military History Museum opens.
- Population: 523,058.[55]
- 2013
- Elbe flood.
- September: City co-hosts the 2013 Women's European Volleyball Championship.
- 2014 – PEGIDA begin protesting(de) against Islamism in the city, drawing crowds estimated up to 17,000 in peak[56][57]
- 2015 – Dirk Hilbert becomes mayor.
See also
[edit]Other cities in the state of Saxony:
References
[edit]- ↑ Leisering, Eckhart (2005). Acta sunt hec Dresdene...: die Ersterwähnung Dresdens in der Urkunde vom 31. März 1206 (in German). Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.
- ↑ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kunstsammlungen 1897.
- 1 2 Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
- ↑ William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6489-4.
- ↑ "Procession through the streets of Dresden held by Friedrich August I (Dresden: 1695)". Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books. British Library. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
- ↑ Tony Sharp (2001). Pleasure and Ambition: The Life, Loves and Wars of Augustus the Strong. I.B.Tauris. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-86064-619-5.
- 1 2 3 4 Brewster 1830.
- 1 2 3 City of Dresden. "History of the City". Retrieved 26 July 2012.
- 1 2 "Central Europe (including Germany), 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ↑ "Innerer Katholischer Friedhof". February 2023.
- 1 2 Perłakowski, Adam (2013). Kariera i upadek królewskiego faworyta. Aleksander Józef Sułkowski w latach 1695–1738 (in Polish). Kraków: Towarzystwo Wydawnicze Historia Iagellonica. pp. 187–188. ISBN 978-83-62261-58-1.
- 1 2 Overall 1870.
- 1 2 Franz A.J. Szabo (2013). "Chronology of Major Events". The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756-1763. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88697-6.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OCLC 3832886, OL 5812502M
- ↑ "Insurekcja Kościuszkowska - ostatnia próba ratowania Rzeczpospolitej". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- 1 2 Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan. hdl:2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust.
- ↑ W. Pembroke Fetridge (1874), "Dresden", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ↑ "Historical Development of the Technical University of Dresden". TU Dresden – University Archives. Technische Universität Dresden. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
- 1 2 Leksykon Polactwa w Niemczech (in Polish). Opole: Związek Polaków w Niemczech. 1939. pp. 169–170.
- ↑ Phillips 2003.
- ↑ Plenzler, Anna (2012). Śladami Fryderyka Chopina po Wielkopolsce (in Polish). Poznań: Wielkopolska Organizacja Turystyczna. p. 5. ISBN 978-83-61454-99-1.
- ↑ Glyn Davies; Roy Davies (2002). "Comparative Chronology of Money" – via University of Exeter.
- ↑ Clayton, Anthony (2001). "Dresden, 1206–1918". In Russell, Alan; Clayton, Anthony (eds.). Dresden: A City Reborn. United Kingdom: Berg Publishers. p. 22.
- ↑ Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
- 1 2 Claude Egerton Lowe (1896). "Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music". Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events. London: Weekes & Co. pp. 87–110.
- ↑ "New Railway and Traffic Bridge at Dresden, Saxony". Gleason's Pictorial. Boston. 14 August 1852.
- ↑ A. J. Dupays (September 1857). "Royal Gallery of Dresden". The Crayon. 4. NY. JSTOR 25527622.
- ↑ Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Deutschland: Sachsen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
- ↑ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. US: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ↑ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ↑ Andrew Lees; Lynn Hollen Lees (2007). Cities and the Making of Modern Europe, 1750–1914. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83936-5.
- ↑ Jan Lin; Christopher Mele, eds. (2013). Urban Sociology Reader (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-24414-8.
- ↑ Über uns: Chronik (in German), Städtische Bibliotheken Dresden, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ↑ "Timeline of opera", Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 30 March 2015
- ↑ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ↑ Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 54.
- 1 2 "Dresden (SS Engineer's Barracks) Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ↑ Sack, Birgit (2015). "Plac Monachijski w Dreźnie i jego znaczenie w kontaktach gostyńsko-drezdeńskich". Rocznik Gostyński (in Polish). No. 2. Gostyń: Muzeum w Gostyniu. p. 97. ISSN 2353-7310.
- ↑ "80. rocznica męczeńskiej śmierci "Poznańskiej Piątki"". Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- 1 2 "Dresden (Railway Repair Works) Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- 1 2 "Dresden (Goehle-Werk) Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- 1 2 "Dresden (Universelle) Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- 1 2 "Dresden-Reick Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- 1 2 "Dresden (Bernsdorf) Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ↑ Tami Davis Biddle (2005). "Sifting Dresden's Ashes". Wilson Quarterly. 29 (2): 60–80. JSTOR 40260966.
- 1 2 "Dresden (Reichsbahn) Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ↑ "Movie Theaters in Dresden, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ↑ Rowan Jacobsen (2014). Apples of Uncommon Character. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-63286-035-4.
- ↑ "Dresden 1989: Siliziumwerk wird zur Kraftprobe zwischen Bürger und Staat". 25 September 2011.
- ↑ de:Flüchtlingszüge aus Prag
- ↑ Stadtarchiv Dresden: Schätze aus acht Jahrhunderten (PDF) (in German), Landeshauptstadt Dresden, 2010
- ↑ "Germany Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ↑ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ↑ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- ↑ Dearden, Lizzie (23 December 2014). "Germany anti-Islam protests: 17,000 march on Dresden against 'Islamification of the West'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07.
- ↑ "Thousands Rally at German Protest Against Refugees, Islam". New York Time. 12 October 2015.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]in English
[edit]- John Russell (1828), "Dresden", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Dresden". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- Mariana Starke (1839), "Dresden", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Dresden, Saxony". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- "Dresden", Northern Germany (5th ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1873, OCLC 5947482
- Guide to Dresden, its Buildings, Institutions and Environs, Dresden: Herman Burdach, 1880, OCLC 2838150, OL 24467281M
- Guide to the Royal Collections of Dresden, translated by Fox, C.S., Dresden: Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, 1897, OL 7082856M
- Mary Endell (1908), Dresden: History, Stage, Gallery, Dresden: J. Seifert, OCLC 373304, OL 6638502M
- "Dresden", Northern Germany as Far as the Bavarian and Austrian Frontiers (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
- G. E. Collier (1910), Collier's New Practical Guide to Dresden, Dresden: A. Tittmann, OL 13523819M
- Dresden. Grieben's Guide Books. Berlin. 1910.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Dresden", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
- Denise Phillips (2003). "Friends of Nature: Urban Sociability and Regional Natural History in Dresden, 1800–1850". Osiris. 18: 43–59. doi:10.1086/649376. JSTOR 3655284. S2CID 145497167.
- Susanne Vees-Gulani (2008). "The politics of new beginnings: the continued exclusion of the Nazi past in Dresden's cityscape". In Gavriel David Rosenfeld; Paul B. Jaskot (eds.). Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past. US: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-11611-9 – via HathiTrust. (fulltext)
in German
[edit]- "Dresden". Topographia Germaniae (in German). Vol. Topographia Superioris Saxoniae, Thüringiae, Misniae et Lusatiae. Frankfurt. 1650. p. 43+. c. 1650/1690
- "Dresden". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908. pp. 428–439.
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Dresden". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Dresden". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 417+. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Dresden.
- Links to fulltext city directories for Dresden via Wikisource
- Europeana. Items related to Dresden, various dates.
51°02′00″N 13°44′00″E / 51.033333°N 13.733333°E
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