Queen Chŏngan
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| Queen Chŏngan | |||||||||
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| Queen Dowager of Joseon | |||||||||
| Tenure | 7 December 1400 – 11 August 1412 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | None | ||||||||
| Successor | Queen Dowager Hudŏk | ||||||||
| Queen Consort of Joseon | |||||||||
| Tenure | 22 October 1398 – 7 December 1400 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Queen Sindeok | ||||||||
| Successor | Queen Wŏn'gyŏng | ||||||||
| Crown Princess of Joseon | |||||||||
| Tenure | 14 – 22 October 1398 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Crown Princess Sim[a] | ||||||||
| Successor | Crown Princess Min | ||||||||
| Born | 30 January 1355 Goryeo | ||||||||
| Died | 11 August 1412 (aged 57) Indeokgung, Hansŏng, Joseon | ||||||||
| Burial | |||||||||
| Spouse | King Jeongjong | ||||||||
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| Clan |
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| Dynasty | Yi | ||||||||
| Father | Kim Ch'ŏnsŏ, Internal Prince Wŏlsŏng | ||||||||
| Mother | Grand Princess Consort of Samhan State, of the Damyang Yi clan | ||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism | ||||||||
| Korean name | |||||||||
| Hangul | 정안왕후 | ||||||||
| Hanja | 定安王后 | ||||||||
| RR | Jeongan wanghu | ||||||||
| MR | Chŏngan wanghu | ||||||||
Queen Chŏngan (Korean: 정안왕후; Hanja: 定安王后; 30 January 1355 – 11 August 1412),[c] of the Gyeongju Kim clan, was the wife of King Jeongjong, the second monarh of Joseon. Known as Queen Tŏk during her tenure, she was queen of Joseon from 1398 until her husband's abdication in 1400. She was then styled as Queen Dowager Sundŏk during the reign of her brother-in-law, King Taejong.
Biography
[edit]Early life
[edit]The future Queen Chŏngan was born during the reign of King Gongmin of Goyreo, as the eldest daughter and third child among three sons and four daughters. Her father was Kim Ch'ŏnsŏ and her mother was a lady from the Damyang Yi clan.
Lady Kim descended from the Gyeongju Kim clan, the final and most prolific of Silla's three ruling families. She was a 12th great-granddaughter King Gyeongsun (last monarch of Silla) and Princess Nakrang (eldest daughter of King Taejo, the founder of Goryeo) through their second son, Kim Ŭnyŏl (김은열). Queen Jeongsun was distantly related to her as they were both descendants of Kim Chŏnggu (김정구), a grandson of Kim Ŭnyŏl.
Through her great-great-grandmother, Lady Kim was a fourth cousin twice removed of her sister-in-law, Queen Wŏn'gyŏng, sharing Min Yŏngmo (민영모) as their ancestor.
It is unknown when she married Yi Panggwa, the second son of Yi Sŏnggye (posthumously King Taejo) and his first wife, Lady Han. They had no children together.[1]
Royal life
[edit]In 1398, Lady Kim's husband, Prince Yŏngan (posthumously King Jeongjong), was appointed as crown prince following the First Strife of the Princes. Consequently, she became crown princess and received the honorific title tŏk (덕; lit. ''virtuous''). Her husband acceded to the throne shortly after, and she thus became queen.
In the aftermath of the Second Strife of the Princes, when her husband abdicated in favor of his younger brother, Prince Chŏngan (posthumously King Taejong), she was elevated to the position of queen dowager.
Death
[edit]Lady Kim died 12 years later, during the reign of King Taejong. She was buried within Hurŭng (후릉), in present-day Kaesŏng, North Korea. King Jeongjong, who survived Lady Kim by seven years, was later buried alongside her.
She was conferred the posthumous name Chŏngan (정안; lit. ''stable and peaceful''), which has also been rendered as Anchŏng (안정).
Titles
[edit] |
- During the reign of King Gongmin (r. 1351–1374):
- Lady, of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨; 慶州金氏)
- Kim Ch'ŏnsŏ's daughter (김천서의 딸)
- Lady Kim (김씨; 金氏)
- Lady, of the Gyeongju Kim clan (경주 김씨; 慶州金氏)
- During the reign of King Taejo (r. 1392–1398):
- Crown Princess Tŏk (덕빈; 德嬪; from 14 October 1398)
- During the reign of King Jeongjong (r. 1398–1400):
- Queen Tŏk (덕비; 德妃; from 22 October 1398)
- During the reign of King Taejong (r. 1400–1418):
- Queen Dowager Sundŏk (순덕왕대비; 順德王大妃; from 7 December 1400)
- Queen Chŏngan (정안왕후; 定安王后; from 1412)
Family
[edit]- Father: Kim Ch'ŏnsŏ (김천서), Internal Prince Wŏlsŏng (월성부원군)
- Mother: Grand Princess Consort of Samhan State (삼한국대부인), of the Damyang Yi clan (담양 이씨)
- Sibling(s)
- Husband: King Jeongjong (정종대왕; 26 July 1357 – 24 October 1419) — No issue.
- Father-in-law: King Taejo (태조대왕; 4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408)
- Mother-in-law: Queen Sinŭi (신의왕후), of the Anbyŏn Han clan (안변 한씨; 6 October 1337 – 25 November 1391)
- Stepmother-in-law: Queen Sindeok (신덕왕후), of the Goksan Kang clan (곡산 강씨; 20 July 1356 – 23 September 1396)
Ancestry
[edit]| Ancestors of Queen Chŏngan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In popular culture
[edit]- Portrayed by Kim Hae-sook in the 1983 MBC TV series The King of Chudong Palace.
- Portrayed by Park Yun-seon in the 1996–1998 KBS1 TV series Tears of the Dragon.
- Portrayed by Kim Seo-yeon in the 2021–2022 KBS1 TV series The King of Tears, Lee Bang-won.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ↑ Second wife of Grand Prince Ŭian.
- ↑ Known as honorific name (존호; 尊號) in the Sinosphere, its closest equivalent in the English-speaking world is the regnal name.
- ↑ In the Korean calendar (lunisolar), she was born on the 9th day of the 1st lunar month and died on the 25th day of the 6th lunar month.
- ↑ High-ranking Buddhist monk.
- ↑ Abbess of Chŏngŏpwŏn (정업원), a Buddhist temple where women from powerful families became nuns during the Goryeo and early Joseon periods; it was located in present-day Seoul.
- ↑ Married No Yŏngguk (노영국).
- ↑ Married Yun Yurin (윤유린), Prince P'yŏngyang (평양군).
References
[edit]- ↑ Kim, Yu-jong (23 May 2025). 2년2개월 짧게 재위한 '허수아비 왕' ... 후궁 10명·자식 25명 달해 [The puppet king who reigned for a short period of 2 years and 2 months ... 10 concubines and 25 children]. Munhwa Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 28 June 2025.
External links
[edit]- 정안왕후 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.
