Settled by Polynesians sometime between 1000 and 1200 CE, Hawaii was home to numerous independent chiefdoms. In 1778, British explorer James Cook was the first known non-Polynesian to arrive at the archipelago; early British influence is reflected in the state flag, which bears a Union Jack. An influx of European and American explorers, traders, and whalers soon arrived, leading to the decimation of the once-isolated indigenous community through the introduction of diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, smallpox, and measles; the native Hawaiian population declined from between 300,000 and one million to less than 40,000 by 1890. Hawaii became a unified, internationally recognized kingdom in 1810, remaining independent until American and European businessmen overthrew the monarchy in 1893; this led to annexation by the U.S. in 1898. As a strategically valuable U.S. territory, Hawaii was attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, which brought it global and historical significance, and contributed to America's entry into World War II. Hawaii is the most recent state to join the union, on August 21, 1959. In 1993, the U.S. government formally apologized for its role in the overthrow of Hawaii's government, which had spurred the Hawaiian sovereignty movement and has led to ongoing efforts to obtain redress for the indigenous population. (Full article...)
After World War II, Missouri served in various diplomatic, show of force and training missions. In 1950, the ship ran aground during high tide in the Chesapeake Bay and after great effort was re-floated several weeks later. She later fought in the Korean War during two tours between 1950 and 1953. Missouri was the first American battleship to arrive in Korean waters and served as the flagship for several admirals. The battleship took part in numerous shore bombardment operations and also served in a screening role for aircraft carriers. Missouri was decommissioned in 1955 and transferred to the reserve fleet (also known as the "Mothball Fleet"). (Full article...)
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Formal portrait of Kalākaua at the White House, 1874
King Kalākaua of the Hawaiian Kingdom made a state visit to the United States during the period November 28, 1874, through February 3, 1875. Authorized by the legislature of Hawaii, the purpose of the visit was for the ratification of the reciprocity treaty. The 91-day round-trip journey across the United States began in Honolulu on November 17, 1874, and was completed on February 15, 1875. His arrival at San Francisco on November 28, made him the first reigning monarch of any nation to set foot in the United States. Upon his arrival in Washington, D.C., the United States Congress held the first joint meeting in the body's history, less formal than a joint session, to receive him. US President Ulysses S. Grant hosted him as honoree of the first state dinner at the White House.
A career politician who rose through the ranks of chiefs, Kalākaua had previously been to California and Canada with Prince Lot in 1860 as a 23-year-old government bureaucrat, more than a dozen years away from his accession to the throne. In 1874, the Hawaiian government sent him to Washington, D.C., this time to seek the elimination of tariffs on the kingdom's sugar exports, after previous attempts had failed. There had been concerns about Kalākaua's willingness to make the journey; however, after putting Elisha Hunt Allen in charge of the negotiations, he sailed for San Francisco, and journeyed across the United States by rail. He was well-received by government officials on federal, state and local levels, and accorded respect as a commander-in-chief by military representatives. (Full article...)
This section is here to highlight some of the most common words of the Hawaiian Language, ʻŌlelo, that are used in everyday conversation amongst locals.
Aloha
Love, hello, goodbye
Some common uses:
Aloha kakahiaka, Good morning; Aloha ahiahi, Good evening; Aloha Akua, Love of God
The history of Hawaii began with the arrival of Polynesian peoples to the Hawaiian Islands between 940 and 1200 AD. The islands' history is marked by a slow, steady growth in population and the size of the chiefdoms, which grew to encompass whole islands. Local chiefs, called aliʻi, ruled their settlements, and launched wars to extend their influence and defend their communities from predatory rivals. Ancient Hawaiʻi was a caste-based society, much like that of Hindus in India. Population growth was facilitated by ecological and agricultural practices that combined upland agriculture (mauka), ocean fishing (makai), fishponds and gardening systems. These systems were upheld by spiritual and religious beliefs, like the lokahi, that linked cultural continuity with the health of the natural world. According to Hawaiian scholar Mililani Trask, the lokahi symbolizes the "greatest of the traditions, values, and practices of our people... There are three points in the triangle—the Creator, Akua; the peoples of the earth, Kanaka Maoli; and the land, the ʻaina. These three things all have a reciprocal relationship."
In January 1778, Great Britain and the Hawaiians came into contact when explorer James Cook and his crew sighted the islands during his third voyage of exploration. This became the first recorded and sustained contact between Europeans and Hawaiians. This had a significant impact on Hawaii, even in this initial limited interaction, introducing firearms to Hawaiian warfare. Aided by firearms and ships, Kamehameha I conquered and unified most of the islands in 1795, establishing the Kingdom of Hawaii. The unification was completed in 1810 when Kauaʻi and Niʻihau voluntarily joined the kingdom. This event marked the end of the long tradition of warfare among rival chiefs. The Kingdom was an internationally recognized sovereign state, being recognized by the United States, Japan, Great Britain, France, Spain, and other powers through treaties and diplomatic exchanges beginning in the 1820s. The United States signed its first treaty with Hawaii on December 23, 1826; France followed on July 17, 1839. The kingdom became prosperous and important for its agriculture and strategic location in the Pacific. (Full article...)
... that a newly discovered bee descends from a single ancestor that reached the Hawaiian Islands between 1million and 1.5million years ago?
... that Ekin Cheng agreed to make a cameo appearance in A Nail Clipper Romance after learning that it would be filmed in Hawaii?
... that East Island, once a vital nesting site for green sea turtles, was almost completely destroyed by Hurricane Walaka in 2018– but has since naturally recovered to about 60% of its original size?
... that geologist E.Dale Jackson conducted experiments with Jello to test theories on the formation of the Hawaiian islands?
... that Tahitian princess Ninito Sumner sailed to Hawaiʻi in 1848 to marry Hawaiian prince Moses Kekūāiwa, only to arrive after learning of his death?
"Hawaiʻi loa kū like kākou kū paʻa me ka lokahi e kū kala me ka wiwoʻole. ʻOnipaʻa kākou, ʻonipaʻa kākou, a lanakila nā kini e. E ola, e ola, e ola nā kini e." —Dennis Pavao
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