Mahmut Bey

Mahmut Bey
Officer, Bey, Governor.
Ottoman Fezzan Province and Regency of Tripoli
Reign	1577 – 1583
Predecessor	Sultan Bulālah Muḥammad
Successor	Tripoli administration

Not to be confused with Mahmud Bey.

Mahmut Bey, also known as the grandson of Barbarossa, Mahmut Sancak-bey or Mami, was an elderly Officer and ottoman bey, and a politico-religious in the 16th-century. He was the son of Hasan pasha. And was acknowledged as an extremely courageous and daring man. known for his expeditions into the Sahara and his push to both Northern and Southern Lake Chad. Mahmud Bey was martyred while suppressing the local rebellion backed by Bornu in 1583. Fezzan was known as Fizan under Ottoman rule, which ruled over Sebha, Reşade, Kawar, Asben, Fezzan, Sokna, Şâti, Hamites, Qatrun, Marzuk and Gat.

Battle of Lepanto 1571

In the battle that took place on 7 October 1571 Pertev Paşa [TR] as trying to help the admiral Müezzinzade Ali Paşa, whom was under attack. his flagship was struck and sank by a cannonball, where Pertev paşa [TR] came to rescue Ali paşa, but his vessel was destroyed by cannon. İn where he ultimately was plunged in the sea. He was rescued from the sea by Mahmud Bey with a hook into their ship and brought him ashore at Preveza. who was the grandson of Barbarossa.

Expedition into the Sahara

In 1574 with an army around 500 men, Mahmud Bey, led from Tunis to conquer Fezzan, and its Oases and then assumed his large occupation of the Southern Sahara, were he conquered various towns, cities, and fortresses.Where the local sultans were forced to recognize Ottoman suzerainty. Upon conquering sabha, the troops reaching the capital of the Awlad dynasty, he overthrew the government, expelled Sultan Bulālah Muḥammad from power, and assumed power as the ruler with the title of sancak bey of Fezzan, And had subjected the Awlads into the tributary system. From there, he descended from Murzuq and were aided by the surviving tribe of Banu Khurman while on their journey too southern towards Bornu. The army reached Lake Chad, but did not establish a permanent foothold around it. This was the deepest expeditions the Ottomans had made. Where it marked the deepest expeditions made by the Ottoman governer Mahmud bey, who had integrated the trans-Saharan slave trading system and expanded his influence into sub-Saharan Africa.

Expedition into Central Africa

Mahmut Bey exerted great effort in transferring the Ottoman system to Central Africa so much so, It had caused considerable anxiety with the Bornu sultanate. With well trained 500 soldiers, he had followed a path with a distance of 1950 km2 where he reached into Lake Chad. From there, he Conquered the Chadic states who had authority over Fezzan, and other local tribes whom did not even dare to confront the Ottoman soldiers and expanded into portions of present-day Niger, and Chad, which were annexed to the Fezzan province. The Ottoman Empire Under the exploratory expedition by Mahmud bey. extended its influence on central region of the Sahel And Lake Chad, becoming a part of Ottoman sphere of influence. İn 1576 Ottoman domination under Mahmud bey had extended as far as the basin of Lake Chad. Mahmud had established his governorate to the borders of Kanem-Bornu, And rule into the 10th meridian in central Africa. The aggressive occupation of the entirety of Chad, and the fall of Fezzan. had Idris Alooma fearing an Ottoman invasion ordered by Mahmut Bey into his land. The Kanem–Bornu Empire sent three ambassadors to Istanbul in 1577 and offered his allegiance, where they were taken as an obedient vassal. This shocked Sultan Murad III and triggered a border crisis with Bornu. Murad III had ordered Mahmut Bey to keep peace with Bornu, but Protect the Frontiers, Maintain the Peace and keep its fortresses captured by him. Firearms were sent from Tripoli by order of the Ottoman court, and the sultanate came under Ottoman rule and thus enjoyed an Ottoman System.

Finance And Treasury

In 1576 The finance director Ebi Bekr-zāde Meḥemmed Çelebi arrived together with Ebū Ṭayyib Beg who was a knowledgeable emir, they both arrived at the court of state. Where they talked about the negligence of Receb Pasha the Beylerbeyi of Tunis. They also had reported the effort Mahmud bey had committed on his tax-farming commitment in Fezzan, which had amounted to sixty thousand florins. Ebi Bekr-zāde Meḥemmed and Ebū Ṭayyib Beg had an discussion of combining both the position of the governor-general. Receb Pasha was dismissed and his position was given too Ḥaydar Pasha, who was in the capital of Tripolitania, in exchange for twenty times one hundred thousand akçe. Tripoli was given to introduced too Mahmud bey as a sanjak, to rule them both. then in exchange for three times one hundred thousand akçe, had the sanjak of Fezzan, and Tripolitania annexed to the imperial crown lands so that all taxes that were collected from Fezzan would go to the Sultan's treasury in Istanbul.

The Rebellion of Murzuq

Idris Alooma, wanting back the fortress, armed Rebellious tribes to Rebel against the Ottoman garrison in 1583. Where Mahmud bey was martyred, while suppressing it. But Idris Alooma acted again, when the Ottoman garrison in Fezzan got slaughtered around 1585, leading to the Awlads return to power, under both the Bornu and Tripolitania.