List of nearest hypergiants
| This is a list of the nearest hypergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 10,000 light-years (3,100 parsecs) from Earth.
While hypergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes 0, Ia-0 or Ia+, other definitions exist, such as those based on stellar evolution. Therefore, stars with other luminosity classes can sometimes be considered hypergiants.
List
[edit] |
| Name | Distance (ly) | Spectral type | Stellar radius (R☉) | Stellar mass (M☉) | Stellar luminosity (L☉) | Apparent magnitude (V) | Notes and References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mu Cephei (Garnet Star) | 1370[1] | M2-Ia (M2e Ia or M2 Ia+)[2] | 762[1] | 11[1] | 110000[1] | 4.08 | |
| VV Cephei A | 3319 – 4900 | M2 Iab (M1p 0) | 1050 | 2.5 or 18.2 | 72880±16300 | 4.91 | [3] |
| RW Cygni | 3,600 | M3-4Ia-Iab | 1103+251 −177 |
126,000 | 8.05 - 9.70 | ||
| VY Canis Majoris | 3820+260 −230 |
M3-M4.5 (M2.5-M5Iae) | 1420±120 | 17±8 | 270000±40000 | 6.5-9.6 | [4][5] |
| HD 183143 (HT Sagittae) | 4990±550 | B6-8 Ia-0 | 109±15 | 24.2±1.4 | 288000+83000 −65000 |
6.71-6.95 | |
| HD 168625 (V4030 Sagittarii) | 5000±200 | B6Ia+ (B2-B8) | 105 | 380000 | 8.30-8.41 | ||
| VX Sagittarii | 5100+360 −330 |
M4eIa-M10eIa | 1456–1556 | 20–40 | 275000+114000 −52000 |
6.5-14.0 | [6] |
| HD 168607 (V4029 Sagittarii) | 5100±500 | B9Ia+ | 187 | 240000 | 8.12-8.29 | ||
| NML Cygni | 5250+420 −360 |
M4.5–M7.9 Ia–III | 1350+195 −229[a] |
25 | 229000+40000 −41000, 270000±50000 |
16.60 | |
| P Cygni | 5300±590 | B1-2Ia-0ep (B1 lapeq) | 76 | 37 | 610000 | 4.82 | |
| Cygnus OB2-12 | 5300±590 | B3-4Ia+ | 264 | 110 | 1660000 | 11.702 | |
| V915 Scorpii | 5600+570 −370 |
K0Ia-0 | 685.6 | 14.7 | 74100 – 185200 | 6.22 - 6.64 | |
| Zeta¹ Scorpii | 6000 | B1.5Ia+ | 103 – 125.5 | 36 – 53 | 850000 | 4.705 | [9][10] |
| V382 Carinae | 6000 | G0-4-Ia+ | 485 ± 56 | 24±5.1 | 212000±12300 | 3.83 | |
| V602 Carinae | 7000 | M3 Ia-Iab | 1015 | 17.7 – 20 | 126000 | 8.39 | |
| S Persei | 7900±300 | M3 Iae–M7 | 1298+64 −57 – 1364±6 |
20 | 123000 – 186000 | 9.23 | |
| 6 Cassiopeiae | 8000 | A2.5Ia+ | 193 | 22.0 | 200000 | 5.34-5.45 | |
| Rho Cassiopeiae | 8150±1630 | G2 0 (F8pIa-K0pIa-0) | 700 | 40 | 300000 – 530000 | 4.1 to 6.2 | [11] |
| BP Crucis | 9900 | B1 Ia+ | 70 | 43 | 470000 | 10.83 | [12] |
Notes
[edit]- ↑ Using an angular diameter of 7.8±0.64 milliarcseconds and a distance of 1610+130
−110 parsecs.[7][8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 Wiesemeyer, H.; Marinho, L.; Harper, G.M.; Baudry, A.; Herpin, F.; Ricken, O. (2026-06-19). "Analysis of far-infrared fine-structure emissions from the red supergiant μ Cephei". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202660113. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Garrison, R. F.; Kormendy, J. (December 1976). "Some characteristics of the young open cluster Trumpler 37". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 88: 865. Bibcode:1976PASP...88..865G. doi:10.1086/130037. ISSN 0004-6280.
- ↑ Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Lund, Michael B.; Siverd, Robert J.; Pepper, Joshua; Tang, Sumin; Kafka, Stella; Gaudi, B. Scott; Conroy, Kyle E.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Stevens, Daniel J.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (May 2016). "An extreme analogue of ε Aurigae: an M-giant eclipsed every 69 years by a large opaque disk surrounding a small hot source". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5): 123. arXiv:1601.00135. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..123R. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/123. S2CID 24349954.
- ↑ Massey, Philip; Levesque, Emily M.; Plez, Bertrand (2006-08-01). "Bringing VY Canis Majoris down to size: an improved determination of its effective temperature". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1203–1208. arXiv:astro-ph/0604253. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1203M. doi:10.1086/505025. S2CID 14314968.
- ↑ Humphreys, Roberta M. (2006). "VY Canis Majoris: The Astrophysical Basis of Its Luminosity". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 38: 1047. arXiv:astro-ph/0610433. Bibcode:2006AAS...20910109G.
- ↑ Jadlovský, D.; Wittkowski, M.; Chiavassa, A.; Kravchenko, K.; Freytag, B.; Höfner, S.; Krtička, J.; Paladini, C.; Rau, G. (2026-04-23). "VLTI-GRAVITY measurements of cool evolved stars: II. Pulsation properties and mass-loss process of the Mira star R Car and the red supergiant VX Sgr". Astronomy and Astrophysics. arXiv:2604.21621. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202659237.
- ↑ Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (2005-02-01). "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 431 (2): 773–777. Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039. ISSN 0004-6361. Data about NML Cygni (IRC +40448) is found here at VizieR.
- ↑ Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.; Brunthaler, A. (2012). "The distance and size of the red hypergiant NML Cygni from VLBA and VLA astrometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: A42. arXiv:1207.1850. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A..42Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219587. S2CID 55509287.
- ↑ "* zet01 Sco". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
- ↑ Clark, J. S.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Urbaneja, M. A.; Howarth, I. D. (2012-02-17), "On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 541: A145, arXiv:1202.3991, Bibcode:2012A&A...541A.145C, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117472
- ↑ "* rho Cas". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
- ↑ "V* BP Crucis". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
External links
[edit]- Samus NN, Kazarovets EV, Durlevich OV, Kireeva NN, Pastukhova EN (2017). "General Catalogue of Variable Stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports. 61 (1): 80–88. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN 1063-7729. S2CID 255195566.
