Halamagai Formation
| Halamagai Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Early-Middle Miocene ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Underlies | Kekemaideng Formation |
| Overlies | Suosuoquan Formation |
| Thickness | 37 m |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, Gravel |
| Other | Mudstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 46°34′N 87°47′E / 46.57°N 87.78°E |
| Region | Xinjiang Province |
| Country | China |
| Extent | Junggar Basin |
  Halamagai Formation (China)  Halamagai Formation (Xinjiang) | |
Halamagai Formation is a geological formation located in the Duolebulejin Terrace on the south bank of the Ulungur River near Kalamagai Township, which lies south of Fuhai County, Xinjiang. The location contains various mammalian fossils of artiodactyls, gomphotheres, perissodactyls, rodents, and primates.[1][2][3]
Fossil content
[edit source]Mammals
[edit source]Artiodactyls
[edit source]| Genus | Species | County | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discokeryx | D. xiezhi | A thick cranium skull and neck vertebrae | A prolibytheriid, an early close relative of giraffe and okapi | |||
| Ligeromeryx | L. cf. colberti | |||||
| L. praestans | ||||||
| L. sp | ||||||
| Turcocerus[4] | T. halamagaiensis | A horn core and dentition | An early caprine bovid | |||
Carnivorans
[edit source]| Genus | Species | Locality | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amphicyon | A. ulungurensis | An amphicyonid | ||||
| Gobicyon [5] | G. zhegalloi | An amphicyonid | ||||
| Hoplictis[6] | H. baihui | Tieersihabahe | Lower | A mustelid | ||
| Nimravus[7] | N? sp. | Tieersihabahe | Lower | Left ramal fragment | A nimravid feline | |
| Pseudaelurus[7] | P. cuspidatus | Tieersihabahe | Lower | Partial right ramus | An early felid | |
| Protictitherium[7] | P. intermedium | Tieersihabahe | Lower | The left and right partial ramus | An early hyena | |
| Thalassictis[7] | T. chinjiensis | Lower | Partial rama | An early hyaena | ||
Rodents
[edit source]| Genus | Species | County | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchitheriomys | A. tungurensis | An early beaver relative | ||||
| Atlantoxerus | A. giganteus | An early barbary ground squirrel | ||||
| A. junggarensis | ||||||
| Sinomylagulus | S. halamagaiensis | |||||
| Steneofiber | S. depereti | An early beaver relative | ||||
Perissodactyls
[edit source]| Genus | Species | County | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchitherium | A. gobiensis | An early horse | ||||
| Diaceratherium | A. sp. | |||||
| Aceraterinae | indet. | |||||
| Elasmotherinae | indet | |||||
Primates
[edit source]| Genus | Species | County | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pliopithecus | P. bii | A Pliopithecid monkey | ||||
Proboscidians
[edit source]| Genus | Species | County | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choerolophodon | C. sp. | |||||
| Gomphotherium | G. connexum | |||||
| G. mogoliense | ||||||
| G. steinheimense | ||||||
| Miomastodon | M. cf. tongxinensis | |||||
| Platybelodon | P. sp. | |||||
| Protananucs | P. sp. | |||||
| Zygolophodon | Z. cf. turicensis | |||||
References
[edit source]- ↑ (2009). Halamayi Formation. In: Zhang, S. (eds) Geological Formation Names of China (1866–2000). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93824-8_2578
- ↑ Li, C., Wang, S. Q., Wang, Y., Deng, T., Ma, J., Wang, B., Jiangzuo, Q., & Sun, D. (2025). Savanna ecosystems and mammalian adaptations in Mid-Miocene Northern China. Scientific reports, 15(1), 25586. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10718-3
- ↑ Wang 王 建, Jian & Xinying, Zhou & Wang, Shiqi & Ye, Jie & Liu, Junchi & Wu, Wenyu & Wu, Yan & Zhao, Keliang & Zheng, Yan & Behling, Hermann & Li, Xiaoqiang. (2024). Steppe development and mammalian adaptation in the middle Miocene, North Junggar Basin, Central Asia. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 659. 112634. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112634.
- ↑ Li, Y., Li, Q., Ni, X., Wang, S., Aiglstorfer, M. and Deng, T. (2021), The oldest known bovid from China and reappraisal of the Chinese ‘Eotragus’. Pap Palaeontol, 7: 913-929. https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1319
- ↑ Jiangzuo, Qigao; Li, Chunxiao; Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Wang, Shiqi; Ye, Je; Li, Yu (2020-02-07). "Diversity of Amphicyonidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Middle Miocene Halamagai formation in Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, Northwestern China". Historical Biology. 32 (2): 187–202. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1477142. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 90842601.
- ↑ VALENCIANO, A., JIANGZUO, Q., WANG, S., LI, C., ZHANG, X. and YE, J. (2019), First Record of Hoplictis (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in East Asia from the Miocene of the Ulungur River Area, Xinjiang, Northwest China. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, 93: 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.13820
- 1 2 3 4 Wang, Xiaoming & Ye, Jie & Meng, Jin & Wu, Wenyu & Liu, Liping & Bi, Shundong. (1998). Carnivora from middle Miocene of Northern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang autonomous region, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 36. 218-243.