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The prior of Llanthony Prima was the head of Llanthony Priory and, from its founding in 1136 to its independence in 1205, the prior of Lanthony Secunda.[1]: xi [2]: 15
The first prior was Ernisius, in c. 1118, and the last was David Kemp, who surrendered the priory in 1538 during the dissolution of the monasteries. The last independent prior was John Adams, as in 1481 Llanthony Prima was made a cell of Lanthony Secunda.[1]: xi [2]: 15 [3]: 227–228 [4]: 469
Llanthony Priory
[edit]
Llanthony Priory began as a hermitage at the beginning of the twelfth century on the edge of the Black Mountains, founded by William de Lacy, a household knight of Hugh de Lacy, and Ernisius, a former chaplain of Queen Matilda. With the support of Queen Matilda and possibly Henry I it developed into an Augustinian monastery c. 1118.[1]: xi [2]: 15
In 1136, most of the canons fled Llanthony after lawlessness followed the death of Henry I and founded Lanthony Secunda as a cell of Llanthony Prima outside Gloucester. Lanthony Secunda remained a cell with a shared prior until 1205, when it gained independence.[1]: xi [2]: 17–19
By "ancient custom", the canons of Llanthony Prima elected their prior without their patron's consent. In 1322, when the king was Llanthony's patron, this custom was confirmed after an investigation found that the priory had always elected priors without licence from their patron, "by virtue of a deed of Walter de Lacy".[5]: 201
In 1481 Edward IV granted Lanthony Secunda, then under Henry Deane, a charter making Llanthony Prima a cell of its former daughter house. The charter required that Lanthony Secunda maintain at Llanthony Prima a dative prior and four canons.[3]: 227–228 [4]: 469
Priors
[edit]| From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| c. 1118 | c. 1121 | Ernisius | First prior. Took up residence at Llanthony c. 1103, likely resigned c. 1121.[3]: 221 [5]: 30 [6]: 172 |
| c. 1121 | 1131 | Robert de Bethune | Elected bishop of Hereford in 1129, consecrated 1131.[3]: 221 [5]: 151 [6]: 172 |
| 1131 | 1137 | Robert de Braci | Third prior of Llanthony Prima and first prior of Lanthony Secunda. Died shortly after the church at Llanthony Secunda was consecrated.[3]: 223 [6]: 172 |
| 1137 | 1150 | William of Wycombe | Forced to resign in 1150.[5]: 151 [6]: 172 |
| 1150 | c. 1174 | Clement of Llanthony | Formerly sub-prior of Llanthony.[6]: 172 |
| c. 1174 | c. 1185×1189 | Roger of Norwich | Formerly sub-prior of Llanthony.[1]: 75 [6]: 172 |
| c. 1185×1189 | 1203 | Geoffrey de Henlaw | Appointed bishop of St Davids in 1203.[5]: 151 [6]: 172 |
| 1203 | c. 1205 | Martin | Eighth prior of Llanthony Prima and sixth prior of Lanthony Secunda. The two houses separated during his priorship. Elected to continue as prior of Llanthony Prima.[3]: 225, 227 [6]: 172 [7]: 36–37 |
| c. 1205 | Roger de Godestre | Reached a final settlement with Lanthony Secunda over the apportionment of assets.[3]: 229 [6]: 173 [8]: 108 | |
| c. 1217×1224 | c. 1227 | Walter | [1]: xxv [5]: 143 [6]: 173 [9]: 103 [10]: 413 |
| c. 1227 | c. 1236 | Stephen | [3]: 229 [9]: 103 [6]: 173 [10]: 413 |
| Occurred 1236 | Philip | [1]: xxvii [3]: 229 [10]: 413 | |
| Occurred 1241, 1242 | David | [1]: xxvii [3]: 229 [8]: 149 [9]: 103 [10]: 413 | |
| Occurred 1251 | Thomas | [1]: xxvii [9]: 103 [10]: 413 | |
| Occurred 1253 | Simon | According to the king, Simon's priorship was after the statutes of Mortmain. According to a later prior of Llanthony, it was before.[8]: 121 [9]: 103 [11]: xxvii [10]: 413 | |
| Occurred c. 1258×1259 | Bartholomew | [10]: 413 [12] | |
| 1265 | 1279 | Walter (Thope, Tope, de Langedon) | [3]: 229 [9]: 103 [10]: 413 [12] |
| 1279 | 1295 | Nicholas | Was pardoned for receiving the outlaw Peter de Marines in 1285.[9]: 103 [10]: 413 [12][13]: 132 |
| 1296 | 1301 | Thomas of Gloucester (Glocestria, Glovernia) | Resigned at the beginning of 1301. In the same year Robert Winchelsey, archbishop of Canterbury, complained that the former prior was not compliant with monastic discipline with the tacit permission of the bishop of St Davids.[5]: 134 [3]: 229 [9]: 103 [10]: 413 [12] |
| 1301 | 1304 | Nicholas | May be Nicholas de Feckenham.[12] |
| 1304 | c. 1314 | Walter de Langeleye | [10]: 413 [12] |
| Occurred 1316 | John of Kingston (Kyngeston) | [9]: 103 [10]: 413 | |
| c. 1321 | c. 1337 | John of Rufford | Probably died 1338, certainly deceased by 1348.[9]: 103 [10]: 413 [12] |
| c. 1338 | c. 1357 | John of Gloucester | Likely deceased 1358.[9]: 103 [10]: 413 [12] |
| c. 1358 | c. 1359 | Henry Ragon | [12] |
| Occurred 1362 | Adam | [9]: 103 [10]: 413 | |
| 1363 | 1376 | Nicholas de Trinbey (Trilley, Trillek, de Trinleye, Trinbeye) | While saying the Office of the Dead in c. 1373 he was attacked by three canons and blinded. He resigned after the attack and was recorded as still alive in 1380.[5]: 134 [9]: 31, 103 [10]: 413 [12] |
| 1376 | c. 1391 | John (de) Yatton | Was imprisoned in 1386 for failing to render tithes to the king.[4]: 468 [8]: 26 [9]: 34, 99 [12] |
| c. 1395 | c. 1407 | John Welyngton (Welynton, Wellyngton, Wellynton, Welynton, Wellington) | One of the canons who had attacked Nicholas de Trinbey. He had previously been injured by Nicholas.[5]: 134 [9]: 40–41, 103 [12][4]: 468 [10]: 413 |
| 1409 | c. 1417 | William Cromp (Crompe) | [4]: 469 [9]: 41 [12] |
| c. 1434 | c. 1439 | John | May be John Pembruge.[12] |
| c. 1447 | c. 1469 | John Pembruge (Penburgh) | He was recorded as dying in August 1469. Since his successor is recorded earlier, either the date is erroneous or he resigned before his death.[4]: 469 [9]: 41 [12] |
| c. 1466 | 1481 | John Adams | Last prior of an independent Llanthony Prima. He was accused of having "wasted and destroyed the profits, revenues, and emoluments" of the priory.[4]: 469 [9]: 101 [3]: 227–228 [12] |
| 1481 | Reginald de Braose | Dative prior of Llanthony Prima.[9]: 101 [3]: 227–228 [12] | |
| Occurred 1524 | John Abyndon | Dative prior of Llanthony Prima.[9]: 101 | |
| Occurred 1534 | John Chester | Dative prior of Llanthony Prima.[9]: 101 [12] | |
| Occurred 1534 | John Ambrose | Dative prior of Llanthony Prima. Acknowledged royal supremacy in 1534.[9]: 101 [12] | |
| Occurred 1535 | William Ambrose | Dative prior of Llanthony Prima.[12] | |
| 1537 | Henry Wydon | Dative prior of Llanthony Prima.[9]: 101 [12] | |
| 1538 | David Kemp | Dative prior of Llanthony Prima. Llanthony Prima was dissolved in 1538 as one of the lesser monasteries.[3]: 228 [9]: 101 [12][14]: 31 | |
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bartlett, Robert (2022). The history of Llanthony priory. Oxford medieval texts - cloth (1 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-286649-3.
- 1 2 3 4 Williams, David H. (2009). "Llanthony Prima Priory". The Monmouthshire Antiquary. 25–26: 13–50.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Lovegrove, E. W. (1942). "Llanthony Priory". Archaeologia Cambrensis. 97: 213–229.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Smith, David Michael (2008). The heads of religious houses, England and Wales. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. ISBN 978-0-521-86508-1.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cowley, Frederick George (1977). The monastic order in South Wales, 1066-1349. Studies in Welsh history. University of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press [for] the History and Law Committee of the Board of Celtic Studies. ISBN 978-0-7083-0648-2.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Knowles, David; Brooke, Christopher Nugent Lawrence; London, Vera C. M., eds. (2001). "The Augustinian Canons". The heads of religious houses, England and Wales, I, 940-1216. The Heads of Religious Houses (2nd ed.). Cambridge, U.K New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-04167-9.
- ↑ Langston, J. N. (1942). "Priors of Lanthony by Gloucester" (PDF). Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society. 63: 1–144.
- 1 2 3 4 Hogan, Arlene (2006). The lands of Llanthony Prima and Secunda in Ireland 1172-1541. Trinity College Dublin.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Stanford, Caroline (2019). Llwyn Celyn History Album (PDF). The Landmark Trust.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Smith, David Michael; London, Vera C. M. (2001), Knowles, David (ed.), The heads of religious houses: England and Wales. 2: 1216 - 1377, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 978-0-521-80271-0
- ↑ Bartlett, Robert (2022). The history of Llanthony priory. Oxford medieval texts - cloth (1 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-286649-3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 "People: Priors of Llanthony Prima". Monastic Wales. Retrieved 2026-07-01.
- ↑ Maxwell Lyte, H. C., ed. (27 March 1893). The Calendar of the Patent Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office: Edward I (1281–1292). Henry IV. Vol. I. Public Record Office.
- ↑ Roberts, George (1846). Some Account of Llanthony Priory, Monmouthshire. London: W. Pickering (published 1847).